scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Factors in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnoosh Zakerkish ◽  
Abolghasem Assarzadeh ◽  
Seyed Saeed Seyedian ◽  
Alireza Jahanshahi

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) referring to the gastrointestinal and endocrinology clinics of Golestan and Imam Khomeini Hospitals, Ahvaz. Methods: The current cross-sectional study was performed on patients with NAFLD referring to the gastroenterology and endocrinology clinics of Golestan and Emam Khomeini hospitals, Ahvaz in the second half of 2020. Demographic information included age, gender, lumbar posture (while standing and the waist be in the upper edge of the iliac crest at the end of a normal exhalation using a non-elastic meter), grading fatty liver evidenced by ultrasound, and blood pressure and laboratory parameters, including triglyceride (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was recorded in the checklist. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software. Results: This study was performed on 130 patients with an average age of 46.22 ± 14.27 years. Patients comprised 42 men (32.8%) and 88 women (67.2/%). Also, 63.84% of the patients with NAFLD had metabolic syndrome, and 56.2, 69.6, and 81.8% with grades 1, 2, and 3 of fatty liver, respectively had metabolic syndrome. There was a significant difference in terms of mean height and weight in both gender. There was a significant relationship between age and FBS, so that the levels of FBS increased statistically significantly with age (P < 0.05). Gender had a statistically significant relationship with HDL and waist circumference (P = 0.038). There was no statistically significant relationship between blood pressure, TG, HDL, FBS, and waist circumference, and different grades of fatty liver (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The current study showed a significant number of patients with NAFLD had metabolic syndrome, so that the most common symptom of metabolic syndrome was low HDL levels, followed by high FBS levels, blood pressure, and TG levels and waist circumference size. Nevertheless, it was not probable to assess whether NAFLD precedes the progress of metabolic syndrome.

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 310-317
Author(s):  
Debasish Dutta

Background: NAFLD is a condition defined by excessive fat accumulation in the form of triglycerides (steatosis) in the liver (> 5% of hepatocytes histologically). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasingly being recognized as a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality among 15-40% of the general population. Aim of the study: To evaluate the clinical profile of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with metabolic syndrome.Methods:The present cross-sectional, retro-spective study was conducted as outdoor patient basis in the Department of Medicine, Jashore medical college hospital & a private diagnostic centre, Jashore.. A total of 74 cases were included for the study. All patients in the study underwent routine investigations including complete blood counts, blood sugar, liver function tests, HBsAg, anti-HCV, lipid profile andUSG of whole abdomen. The data was collected during OPD treatment and was recorded in predesigned and pretested proforma and analyzed.Results:Mean age of the patient was 53.70±7.22 years. On physical examination findings showed the mean BMI was 27.6±4.39 kg/m2, mean waist circumference was 74.22±7.44 cm. Mean diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) was 92.87±6.25 and mean systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 132.0±18.17. Maximum 52% patients had triglycerides >150 mg/dl while low serum HDL level was seen in 37% patients and increased waist circumference was found in 32% patients. Altered ALT ≥41 IU was observed in 10 (62.50%) of Grade II of patients with NAFLD with metabolic syndrome. Central obesity was observed in 12 (75.00%) of Grade II patients with NAFLD with metabolic syndrome. While 14 (87.50%) Grade II of patients with NAFLD with metabolic syndrome showed impaired fasting glucose (>110 mg/dl). Hypertriglyceridemia (>150 mg/dl) in 12 (70.58%) seen in Grade I of patients with NAFLD without metabolic syndrome.Conclusion:Higher prevalence of all the components of metabolic syndrome in cases of NAFLD was observed. It can be concluded that symptoms and signs of NAFLD are non-specific and occur later in the course of the disease hence the physician should have a high index of suspicion in order to detect NAFLD early in the course of the disease.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor V Maev ◽  
Aleksey A Samsonov ◽  
Liudmila K Palgova ◽  
Chavdar S Pavlov ◽  
Elena Shirokova ◽  
...  

ObjectivePrevious research conducted in Russia showed that the number of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated metabolic comorbidities is large. We conducted an observational study to describe the management of NAFLD in patients with metabolic syndrome in Russia.DesignA total of 2843 adult patients from 174 medical sites across 6 federal districts of Russia with newly diagnosed NAFLD, who had at least one of four comorbidities, namely overweight/obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolaemia, and who received phosphatidylcholine (PPC) as an adjunctive treatment to standard care, were enrolled during 2015–2016.ResultsOverall, 2263 patients (79.6%) had at least two metabolic comorbidities associated with NAFLD; overweight/obesity was the most common comorbidity reported in 2298 patients (80.8%). Simple steatosis was the most frequently identified clinical form of NAFLD, diagnosed in 2128 patients (74.9%). Among hypertensive patients, ACE inhibitors, statins, and sartans were most commonly prescribed. Biguanides were administered in more than half of diabetic patients. In patients with overweight/obesity and hypercholesterolaemia, statins were the most frequently prescribed medications. Almost all patients (2837/2843; 99.8%) were treated with 1.8 g of PPC three times per day. PPC therapy was associated with a 90.5% 6-month compliance rate, high treatment satisfaction, and a favourable safety profile. However, almost 15% of diabetic patients and 40% of overweight/obese patients received no further treatment.ConclusionsIn Russia, patients with newly diagnosed NAFLD represent a population heavily burdened by comorbidities, mainly overweight/obesity and hypercholesterolaemia. A significant part of these patients did not receive a comprehensive pharmacotherapy, highlighting the existing unmet need in the current management of NAFLD patients with metabolic syndrome in Russia.


2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 274-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naim Ata ◽  
Metin Kucukazman ◽  
Bunyamin Yavuz ◽  
Hakan Bulus ◽  
Kursat Dal ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND: Gallstone disease (GD) is a common condition worldwide. Several studies demonstrated that the presence of gallstones is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease. The metabolic syndrome is a highly prevalent cardiovascular condition.OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between complicated GD (CGD) and the metabolic syndrome or its components.METHODS: Two hundred seventeen patients with gallstones were examined. All patients underwent biliary ultrasonography after a complete medical history and laboratory examination. Data collection for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome included measurements of waist circumference, blood pressure and lipids, and biochemical tests.RESULTS: Of the 217 patients examined, 115 patients (53%) had CGD and 102 patients (47%) had uncomplicated GD (UCGD). There was a significant difference between the number of patients with large gallstones in the CGD and UCGD groups (n=14 [12%] versus n=2 [2%], respectively; P=0.004). Metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and large waist circumference were more prevalent in the CGD group than in the UCGD group. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance scores were higher in the CGD group than in UCGD group (2.51 [95% CI 0.57 to 23.90] versus 2.20 [95% CI 0.09 to 8.87], respectively; P=0.032). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of metabolic syndrome (OR 1.434; 95% CI 1.222 to 1.846, P=0.014), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.493; 95% CI 1.255 to 1.953; P=0.035) and large gallstones (OR 1.153; 95% CI 1.033 to 1.714; P=0.017) were independent predictors of CGD.CONCLUSION: Results of the present study demonstrated that metabolic syndrome, diabetes and gallstone size were associated with CGD. Further prospective studies are needed to understand the clinical importance of this association.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 858-858
Author(s):  
Victoria Quadros Pereira ◽  
Carine Panke ◽  
Leticia Eifler ◽  
Cristiane Tovo ◽  
Thaís Moreira

Abstract Objectives Evaluate the association between the degree of hepatic steatosis and the development of metabolic syndrome in outpatients care. Methods Prospective cross-sectional study with outpatients care at the Gastroenterology Service of a hospital in southern Brazil. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee with protocol 57,328,416.8.0000.5335. Patients aged over 18 years and with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were included. Patients were excluded from hepatitis B and C, with significant alcohol consumption and hepatocellular carcinoma. Data collection occurred during nutritional consultations, where we collected data of age, gender, lifestyle, diagnosis of comorbidities and biochemical tests. The result of liver biopsy was evaluated for the degree of hepatic steatosis. Anthropometric parameters were assessed for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, in addition to electrical bioimpedance for body composition. Data were presented as mean, median, standard deviation, interquartile range and percentages according to distribution. Student T, ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were applied. The significance level was 5%. Results We evaluated 71 patients with mean age 59.08 ± 8.92 years, 67.6% (n = 48) women, 60.6% (n = 43) sedentary, 52.2% (n = 37) no smoking and mean body mass index of 32.91 ± 5.27 kg/m2. Systemic arterial hypertension were diagnosed in 80.3% (n = 57), 73.2% (n = 52) were diabetic, 66.2% (n = 47) were dyslipidemic and 28.2% (n = 20) of patients with metabolic syndrome. As liver biopsy, 25.4% (n = 18) mild steatosis, 23.9% (n = 17) moderate and 26.8% (n = 19) intense. In the comparison between the levels of hepatic steatosis and the variables, it was observed that patients with severe steatosis had metabolic syndrome (p = 0.041). Patients with metabolic syndrome have higher fat mass (p = 0.044), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.019) and higher levels of serum triglycerides (p = 0.043). Severe hepatic steatosis correlated with the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (r = 0.319; p = 0.019). Conclusions Severe hepatic steatosis is related to the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.Patients with metabolic syndrome had a higher amount of fat mass, increased diastolic blood pressure and serum triglycerides. Funding Sources This study was not funded.


Author(s):  
Seok-Hee KIM ◽  
Jooyoung KIM

Background: The risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in menopausal women are potential causes of osteoporosis. However, there is no consensus on this. We aimed to determine the relationship between risk factors of MetS and bone mineral density (BMD) in menopausal Korean women. Methods: We enrolled 205 menopausal Korean women who visited a health promotion center in Seoul in 2015 and divided them into the following two groups according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria with modified waist-circumference criteria: the non-MetS group (Group 1, n=90) and the MetS group (Group 2, n=115). Anthropometric parameters and clinical parameters, including blood pressure, blood lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides), and fasting blood sugar levels were recorded for all participants. BMD at the lumbar spine was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The relationship between the risk factors of MetS and bone mineral density was analyzed by statistical methods. Results: There was no significant difference in risk factors of MetS between the groups. In correlation tests, waist circumference showed a significant association with body surface area (BSA) (r = -0.242, P < 0.001). Diastolic blood pressure was correlated with BSA (r = 0.186, P < 0.01) and bone mineral content (BMC) (r = 0.161, P < 0.05). However, multiple regression analysis showed no significant relationship between MetS risk factors and BMD. Conclusion: The risk factors of MetS did not affect BMD in menopausal Korean women. Follow-up studies with a larger study population are necessary size to allow the investigation of other research variables.


2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 910-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Petrovic ◽  
Goran Bjelakovic ◽  
Daniela Benedeto-Stojanov ◽  
Aleksandar Nagorni ◽  
Vesna Brzacki ◽  
...  

Introduction/ aim. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease of a broad histological spectrum, characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides in more than 5% of hepatocytes in the absence of consuming alcohol in quantities harmful to the liver. The aim of our study was to determine the importance of anthropometric and laboratory parameters as well as metabolic syndrome (MS) for the diagnosis of NAFLD and to estimate their influence on the degree of liver steatosis as evaluated by ultrasound (US). Methods. The study included 86 participants, 55 of whom had fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasound and they comprised the study group. The control group consisted of 31 control subjects. During the course of hospitalization at the Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Centre Nis, the patients had their anamnesis taken, and anthropometric measurements as well as biochemical blood analyses and abdominal ultrasound were performed. Results. The patients with NAFLD had statistically higher values of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), levels of alanin and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT, AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (p<0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterole (LDL), total bilirubin (TBIL) (p<0.05), total cholesterol (p<0.01), triglycerides (TGL), urates, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, fibrinogenes, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) (p<0.001), whereas the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were higher in the control group (p<0.05). In the NAFLD group, there were statistically significantly more patients with hypertension (72.73% vs. 12.90%, p<0.001) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (47.27%). Metabolic syndrome was determined in 48 (87.27%) patients of the study group. An equal number of patients, 16 of them (29.09%), had 3, 4 and 5 components of MS. In the NAFLD group there were 17 overweight (30.91%) (BMI from 25 kg/m2 to 29.9 kg/m2) and 38 (69.09%) obese patients. (BMI ? 30.0 kg/m2). The largest number of patients in the obesity group, 22 (40.00%) of them, had the first degree obesity (BMI from 30 kg/m2 to 34.99 kg/m2). The largest number of the NAFLD group patients - 23 (41.82%), had an ultrasound finding of grade 3 fatty liver, 20 patients (36.36%) had grade 2 and 12 (21.82%) grade 1 fatty liver. Kruskal-Wallis test and ANOVA analysis showed statistically significant differences between groups with different US grade for insulin, LDL-cholesterol, WC, BMI (p<0.05), as well as HOMA-IR and body weight (BW) (p<0.01). Metabolic syndrome was statistically more present in patients with US finding grades 2 and 3 (p<0.01) in relation to grade 1 US finding, as well as obesity, hypertension and DM type 2 (p<0.05). Conclusion. The results of our study have confirmed that a high percentage of patients with high risk factors (DM, MS, dyslipidemia, hypertension) have NAFLD.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Vaishnavi Danasekaran ◽  
M. Narayanan

Background: NAFLD (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) is being considered the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome. It is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and needs to be addressed urgently as it is asymptomatic and widely prevalent and can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is a need for simpler methods to diagnose the condition in modern day practice which will help in identifying vulnerable subjects and in bringing  about awareness and lifestyle modifications focused on reversal of the condition. Aim of this study was to check the applicability of the fatty liver index in modern day out patient practice using formula based FLI calculator.Methods: It was a cross sectional study on patients with metabolic syndrome in a tertiary care hospital. 60 patients with metabolic syndrome, both male and female above the age of 30 years and who were non-alcoholics were enrolled in the study. BMI, waist circumference, lipid profile and GGT were obtained and FLI calculated. It was compared with the ultrasound and Elastography reports. Chi square test, Independent t test and ANOVA test were used for comparing parameters. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Among 60 patients all had fatty liver which emphasizes that fatty liver is the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome. There is a significant correlation between BMI (Body Mass Index) and waist circumference in predicting fatty liver and to some extent its grade. Patients with higher BMI had a greater grade of fatty liver.Conclusions: The fatty liver index is a reliable predictor of fatty liver in people with metabolic syndrome. The grade of fatty liver increases with increase in waist circumference and increased BMI. Ultrasound and Elastography are reliable non invasive methods of detecting fatty liver. BMI and Waist circumference are strong predictive factors for fatty liver.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Pande ◽  
Vivek Pande

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the accumulation of lipid, primarily in the form of triacylglycerols in individuals who do not consume significant amounts of alcohol and other known causes of steatosis, such as certain drugs and toxins, have been excluded. The rising incidence of obesity is associated with health complications. The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasingly being recognized as a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality among 15-40% of the general population. Currently, a liver biopsy is the gold standard method for diagnosing NAFLD. Ultrasonography is relatively inexpensive and widely available in clinical settings. NAFLD is considered to be an integral part of the metabolic syndrome. The present study is designed to study the clinical profile of patients with NAFLD with varying degrees of severity as diagnosed by Ultrasonography and evaluate the relationship between the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome along with its individual components, as defined by the modified NCEP ATP III criteria.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by Department of Medicine, NKPSIMS and LMH, Nagpur. A total of 100 cases during the study period of February 2015 to January 2016 were included and investigated for metabolic syndrome according to the NCEP ATP 3 Criteria.Results: Total of 100 cases ultrasonographically diagnosed as NAFLD were included in the study and showed 49%, 38% and 13% of cases had grade I, II, and III fatty liver respectively. On physical examination mean BMI was 27.6±4.39 kg/m2. Mean diastolic blood pressure was 92.87±6.25 and mean systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 132.0±18.17. Out of the 100, patients with NAFLD with metabolic syndrome were 57% and without metabolic syndrome were 43%. The correlation was significant for fasting plasma glucose, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and waist circumference (p<0.05).Conclusions: From the study, it can be concluded that symptoms and signs of NAFLD are non-specific and occur later in the course of the disease hence the physician should have a high index of suspicion in order to detect NAFLD early in the course of the disease. Early detection would help not only in modifying the disease course and delaying its complications. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 943-943
Author(s):  
Mary McCarthy ◽  
Evelyn Elshaw ◽  
Barbara Szekely ◽  
Zachary Colburn ◽  
Laurel Gillette ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives Precision nutrition leverages the specificity of molecular and phenotypic differences in personalizing diet and lifestyle interventions.Objective for this phase of the study: 1) examine the effectiveness of gene-based nutrition counseling on behavior change measured by weight, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, lipids, 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH) D, %body fat (BF), waist circumference, and blood pressure. Methods In this prospective multisite RCT, a baseline genomic profile from 70 diet-responsive genes/80 variants, is augmented by biomarkers specific to metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk for each subject. Treatment group (TG) receives gene-based nutrition counseling for six weekly sessions; Control group (CG) receives evidence-based nutrition content in pamphlets directed at preventing metabolic syndrome. A digital app provides real-time health data capture with continuous feedback and is validated by in-person interviews. Primary outcome is weight loss at 12 weeks. Results Army NW cohort has enrolled 90 subjects to date; 49 are assigned to the TG. Sample demographics: males (70%), mean age 32 yrs, 58% married, 75% Caucasian, non-Hispanic, and 78% report some college education. In females, mean BMI 28.3, %BF 34.2, waist circumference 32.2 in; males mean BMI 30.1, %BF 29, waist circumference 40 in. For MetS components, 27/90 subjects show no abnormal components yet 41/90 have 2 or 3 alterations. Elevations noted as follows: fasting blood glucose in 47%, blood pressure in 38%, and waist circumference in 30%. High variant presence is noteworthy for genes with a role in obesity and hypertension. In 71% of subjects baseline 25(OH) D ≤ 30 ng/mL. Preliminary results for primary outcome of weight loss at 12 weeks reveal no change in TG (n = 21), an average loss of 5 lbs in CG (n = 21) within groups, and a significant difference between groups; TG 197.4 (39.3) vs CG 192.6 (40.3), p &lt; .001. Conclusions Digital health integration, along with genomic data and family history, can reveal early signals of risk in a young, generally healthy, military population. Health promotion efforts must drive behavior change at both the individual and population level. Funding Sources The TriService Nursing Research Program


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