scholarly journals Non-pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) in Curbing COVID-19 in a Metropolis in North-Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adejoke Adijat Joseph ◽  
Oluyemi Adesoji Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Face ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Background: Effective treatment for COVID-19 is not available, and neither is an effective vaccine for its prevention. Drastic measures in the form of non-pharmaceutical interventions need to be applied to reduce transmission and flatten the curve. Objectives: This study aimed at analyzing the knowledge of the study population about social distancing and their attitude towards the use of face masks in a bid to flatten the curve of COVID-19 pandemic in the state and Nigeria as a whole. Methods: This study, which was conducted in the central business district of Ilorin in Kwara State, Nigeria, investigated the knowledge of social distancing and attitude toward the use of face masks in a metropolis. A total of 300 participants were randomly selected, and their information was retrieved through the administration of a self or interviewer-administered questionnaire. The primary data was analyzed using SPSS. Variables were tested with chi-squared test, and data was presented in frequency tables and simple percentages. Attitude of the participants was evaluated using a five-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Results: Most of the participants (93.3%) had heard about social distancing. What the term means was not known to 68 (22.7%) of the participants and not practiced by 106 (30.7%) of them. The consistent use of face masks was reported by 30 (10%) participants, while 164 (54.7%) used face masks irregularly, and 106 (35.3%) did not use them at all. Face masks are perceived to be uncomfortable by 165 (55%) respondents, 134 (44.7%) believed it disturbs normal breathing, 103 (34.3) thought it disfigures the face, and its effects on dressing was pointed out by 95 (31.7) respondents. Conclusions: In general, the participants demonstrated a good knowledge of social distancing though not widely practiced it. They also had a positive attitude towards the use of face masks, though it was not correctly and consistently worn. Intensified efforts in education on the right use and essence of these non-pharmaceutical interventions are strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Determinants of Apartment Prices within Housing Estates of Nairobi Metropolitan Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
James N. Ndegwa
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Value ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Primary Data Analysis ◽  
Business District ◽  
Housing Estates

The objective of this study is to establish the determinants that significantly influence apartment prices that are located within housing estates of Nairobi metropolitan area. The determinants comprise of apartments features including: proximity to shopping malls, proximity to Nairobi’s central business district, proximity to schools, proximity to slums, presence of swimming pool, presence of balcony, size of the apartment, periodic rental income and land value. Both secondary and primary data sources were employed in the research and 30 housing estates where apartment are located were selected for data collection purposes. Multiple regression analysis was employed for the secondary data and the findings indicated that: land value and size of the apartments had a significant influence on apartment pricing. Descriptive statistical analysis findings indicated that proximity to shopping malls, proximity to Nairobi’s central business district, proximity to schools, presence of swimming pool, size of the apartments and land value had significant influence on apartment prices. Triangulation of secondary and primary data analysis results indicated a consistency rate of 50%. The recommendation of the study is that real estate stakeholders especially buyers should focus on size and land value of apartments as these significantly influence apartment pricing in Nairobi metropolitan area.

scholarly journals Sex for Drugs: A Case of Street Children of the Harare Central Business District, Zimbabwe (SDSTHZ)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Witness Chikoko
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Child Rights ◽  
Child Agency ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
The Face ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Business District

ABSTRACT Very few academic studies have been conducted that interrogate narratives around sex for drugs among the street children of the Harare Central Business District in the face of socio-economic challenges. Some of the challenges have been partly induced by the austerity era. The paper adopted the Ubuntu or unhu, child rights and child agency theories to under the realities of these children. Research findings ostensibly suggest that the street children of the Harare Central Business District espoused to sex for drugs in a context faced by myriad of socio-economic challenges. The sex for drugs demonstrate agency of the street children. The behaviours are also seen as thin agency given the limitedness of survival options of these children. Conversely, the sex for drugs among street children highlight the level of child rights violations prevalent on the streets of the Harare Central Business District. A qualitative research methodology punctuated by street ethnography approach was utilised to generate data for this paper. The paper concludes by lobbying and advocating for a child rights based approach in implementing programmes or projects for street children of Harare Central Business District.

scholarly journals Public Space for Street-Scape Theatrics. Guerrilla Spatial Tactics and Methods of Urban Hacking in Brisbane, Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Christopher James Cox ◽  
Mirko Guaralda
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

It could be argued that architecture has an inherent social responsibility to enrich the urban and spatial environments for the city’s occupants. However, how we define quality, and how ‘places’ can be designed to be fair and equitable, catering for individuals on a humanistic and psychological level, is often not clearly addressed. Lefebvre discusses the idea of the ‘right to the city’; the belief that public space design should facilitate freedom of expression and incite a sense of spatial ownership for its occupants in public/commercial precincts. Lefebvre also points out the importance of sensory experience in the urban environment. “Street-scape theatrics” are performative activities that summarise these two concepts, advocating the ‘right to the city’ by way of art as well as providing sensual engagement for city users. Literature discusses the importance of Street-scape Theatrics however few sources attempt to discuss this topic in terms of how to design these spaces/places to enhance the city on both a sensory and political level. This research, grounded in political theory, investigates the case of street music, in particular busking, in the city of Brisbane, Australia. Street culture is a notion that already exists in Brisbane, but it is heavily controlled especially in central locations. This study discusses how sensory experience of the urban environment in Brisbane can be enriched through the design for busking; multiple case studies, interviews, observations and thematic mappings provide data to gather an understanding of how street performers see and understand the built form. Results are sometime surprisingly incongruous with general assumptions in regards to street artist as well as the established political and ideological framework, supporting the idea that the best and most effective way of urban hacking is working within the system. Ultimately, it was found that the Central Business District in Brisbane, Australia, could adopt certain political and design tactics which attempt to reconcile systematic quality control with freedom of expression into the public/commercial sphere, realism upheld. This can bridge the gap between the micro scale of the body and the macro of the political economy through freedom of expression, thus celebrating the idiosyncratic nature of the city.

scholarly journals The Role of Sales Consultants in the Direct Marketing Strategy of Honda Kebon Jeruk West Jakarta in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Sugeng Dwi Nugroho ◽  
Denik Iswardani Witarti
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Verification Methods ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
Document Review

Business actors have their way of finding and getting new customers. They develop the right marketing strategy to get new customers because they will win the business competition with their competitors. This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach the data used in primary data and secondary data. The methods used in data collection are interviews, observation and document review. Sampling using purposive sampling. The data analysis methods used are data reduction, data display, and conclusions drawing/verification methods. From the research results, it can be seen that: 1) Honda Kebon Jeruk has a breakthrough, namely collaborating with E-commerce such as Tokopedia in marketing their products; 2) Direct Marketing used in Honda Kebon Jeruk includes social media marketing, direct mail, telemarketing, digital marketing, and direct marketing; and 3) The role of sales consultants is significant in the success of the marketing strategy made by Honda Kebon Jeruk using the face to face customer method.

scholarly journals Flood hazard modelling and risk assessment in the Nadi River Basin, Fiji, using GIS and MCDA

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessy Paquette ◽  
John Lowry
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Gis Data ◽  
Business District

This paper presents a simple and affordable approach to flood hazard assessment in a region where primary data are scarce. Using a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach coupled with GIS layers for elevation, catchments, land-use, slope, distance from channel, and soil types, we model the spatial extent of flood hazard in the Nadi River basin in western Fiji. Based on the flood hazard model results we assess risk to flood hazards in the greater Nadi area. This is carried out using 2007 census data and building location data obtained from aerial photography. The flood model reveals that the highest hazard areas in Nadi are the Narewa, Sikituru and Yavusania villages followed by the Nadi central business district (Nadi CBD). Closer examination of the data suggests that the Nadi River is not the only flood vector in the area. Several poorly designed storm drains also present a hazard since they get clogged by rubbish and cannot properly evacuate runoff thus creating water build-up. We conclude that the MCDA approach provides a simple and effective means to model flood hazard using basic GIS data. This type of model can help decision makers focus their flood risk awareness efforts, and gives important insights to disaster management authorities.

scholarly journals Abuse of Parking Facilities and the Decay of Ikeja Central Business District, Ikeja Local Government Area, Lagos State

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O Ige
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Business District ◽  
Parking Facilities

Illegal parking has been a topical issue in environmental planning and management, especially in the area of generating early warning systems for preparedness against space abuse. However, the concentration of research effort on accessibility in central business district with unjustified neglect of parking abuse impedes the search for analytical explanations and effective strategies to control spatial challenges. The study examined the types and nature of parking facilities and parking abuse. It also examined causes and effects of the abuse, as well as the response to abuse of the parking facilities in Ikeja Central Business District of Ikeja Local Government Area. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected through in-depth interview with opinion leaders and questionnaires administered to 106 respondents randomly sampled in the core and periphery of the Central Business District of Ikeja. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentage and chi-square. Secondary data used were map of the study area and images generated from Google earth. Results showed that there were two types of parking facilities; off-street (destination parking lot) and on-street parking facilities in the area. The nature of parking abuse was highly indiscriminate, and the prevailing type of parking facility abuse in the study area was unauthorized conversion of earmarked parking spaces to commercial trading spots. The effects of the parking abuse were mainly unavailability of parking space and traffic congestion, and the major perpetuators of the abuse were traders. The response of enforcement officials to indiscriminate parking was affirmed to be inefficient by 87.7% of the respondents. The study concluded that the abuse of parking facility was rampant in the study area.

scholarly journals FORMULATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF AN ORGANIZATION USING A SWOT ANALYSIS

JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Arys Susanto ◽  
Arica Dwi Susanto ◽  
Avando Bastari
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Swot Matrix ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right

This requires an organization to be able to compete by always paying attention to the user's condition. Development strategy is one way to find out competitiveness in each of its power lines. To deal with user competition, especially in the face of global users, an organization must be able to establish a method as the basic foundation for the formulation of development strategies by increasing the value of competitiveness for its output or services. This strategy needs to be involved using the SWOT method as the main method to increase output, internal and external factors become the initial steps to carry out strategies to optimize business to achieve success. The use of an effective SWOT analysis can play an important role in determining the development strategy, in order to know the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats faced by the company in maintaining the survival and continuity of the organization. The problem that the answer in this research is looking for is whether the SWOT analysis is the right strategy to increase output in the organization and how the development strategy applied by the organization in overcoming global friendships. In connection with these problems the following hypothesis is proposed: It is suspected that using a SWOT analysis can increase output so that the organization experiences a profit (surplus). This study uses primary data by providing questionnaires and secondary data to obtain archives or documents. In line with the problem and the research hypothesis, this study was conducted using the IFAS analysis method to analyze internal factors, EFAS analysis for external factors, then, included in the quantitative model, namely the SWOT matrix. The results of the analysis show that, using IFAS and EFAS analysis and using SWOT analysis shows the position of the organization in cell 2, the strategy chosen to support the achievement of the objectives of the organization is ST strategy.Keywords: SWOT, Strategy, Product Marketing, Business.

Touts and the Control of Facilities in ‘Bleeding’ Harare: A Theoretical Explanation of the Dynamics of Corruption in an African City

Social Change ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-280
Author(s):  
Innocent Chirisa
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
African City ◽  
The Face ◽  
Western Theory ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City

This article explores the issue of urban management in the face of ‘informal’ or illegal commercial practices in Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe. It captures the deep-rooted presence of touts who have, for years now, been controlling public spaces of terminals in Harare’s Central Business District. The article is based on narratives from newspapers, radio and comments by stakeholders and aided by theoretical explanations derived from literature review. The western theory of travelling does not differ much from that of Africa only in so much increasing ‘informality’ has distorted it greatly. It has been noted that the major problem is an institutional one yet, the mismanagement of space has overarching challenges for different stakeholders of the city, including passengers and commuter omnibus operators. The article concludes by saying that without the necessary back-up systems, it is a waste of time and resources to embark on aggressive clean-up campaigns of the city. In this case, Harare has no option but to fully ‘capitalise’ its management and develop control mechanisms if the unruliness and distortions posed by touts is to be curbed substantially.

scholarly journals Karakteristik dan Preferensi Pengguna Dalam Pemilihan Lokasi Parkir di Koridor Jalan Pemuda, Klaten

Ruang ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Marcellus Lendra Kusuma ◽  
Djoko Suwandono
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
The People ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City ◽  
Area Planning

Pemuda road corridor is the main corridor in Klaten Regency which has function as Central Business District (CBD). The growth of an area led to the need for parking space also increased. The problem is that many parked carelessly vehicles that cause roadblocks and reduce the aesthetics of the city. Needs a parking area planning in accordance with the characteristics of the people there. The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristic and preferences of users in choosing of parking location on Pemuda road corridor Klaten Regency. Data collection in this study used primary data obtained from the questionnaire. The respondent's target in this research is all the people who park their vehicles in Pemuda road corridor, which is divided into four zones of location and three time zones; morning, noon and afternoon. The result is characteristics of the user in the morning is dominated by the purpose of visit is to work with a long time parking duration (> 4 hours), then in the noon is dominated by the purpose of visit is shopping with medium parking duration (1-2 hours), and shopping and recreation purposes with medium duration parking (1-2 hours) in the afternoon. Meanwhile the preference analysis puts the security variable to be the most important in choosing of parking location.

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