scholarly journals Flood hazard modelling and risk assessment in the Nadi River Basin, Fiji, using GIS and MCDA

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessy Paquette ◽  
John Lowry
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Gis Data ◽  
Business District

This paper presents a simple and affordable approach to flood hazard assessment in a region where primary data are scarce. Using a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach coupled with GIS layers for elevation, catchments, land-use, slope, distance from channel, and soil types, we model the spatial extent of flood hazard in the Nadi River basin in western Fiji. Based on the flood hazard model results we assess risk to flood hazards in the greater Nadi area. This is carried out using 2007 census data and building location data obtained from aerial photography. The flood model reveals that the highest hazard areas in Nadi are the Narewa, Sikituru and Yavusania villages followed by the Nadi central business district (Nadi CBD). Closer examination of the data suggests that the Nadi River is not the only flood vector in the area. Several poorly designed storm drains also present a hazard since they get clogged by rubbish and cannot properly evacuate runoff thus creating water build-up. We conclude that the MCDA approach provides a simple and effective means to model flood hazard using basic GIS data. This type of model can help decision makers focus their flood risk awareness efforts, and gives important insights to disaster management authorities.

scholarly journals Assessment of Flood Hazard and Agriculture Damage Under Climate Change in the Bagmati River Basin of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badri Bhakta Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Bagmati River

Assessment of flood hazard and damage is a prerequisite for flood risk management in the river basins. The mitigation plans for flood risk management are mostly evaluated in quantified terms as it is important in decision making process. Therefore, analysis of flood hazards and quantitative assessment of potential flood damage is very essential for mitigating and managing flood risk. This study focused on assessment of flood hazard and quantitative agricultural damage in the Bagmati River basin including Lal Bakaiya River basin of Nepal under climate change conditions. Flood hazards were simulated using Rainfall Runoff Inundation (RRI) model. MRI-AGCM3.2S precipitation outputs of present and future climate scenarios were used to simulate flood hazards, flood inundation depth, and duration. Flood damage was assessed in the agricultural sector, focusing on flood damage to rice crops. The flood damage assessment was conducted by defining flood damage to rice crops as a function of flood depth, duration, and growth stage of rice plants and using depth-duration-damage function curves for each growth stage of rice plants. The hazard simulation and damage assessment were conducted for 50- and 100-year return period cases. The results show that flood inundation area and agricultural damage area may increase in the future by 41.09 % and 39.05 % in the case of 50-year flood, while 44.98 % and 40.76 % in the case of 100-year flood. The sensitivity to changes in flood extent area and damage with the intensity of return period was also analyzed.

scholarly journals Determinants of Apartment Prices within Housing Estates of Nairobi Metropolitan Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
James N. Ndegwa
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Value ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Primary Data Analysis ◽  
Business District ◽  
Housing Estates

The objective of this study is to establish the determinants that significantly influence apartment prices that are located within housing estates of Nairobi metropolitan area. The determinants comprise of apartments features including: proximity to shopping malls, proximity to Nairobi’s central business district, proximity to schools, proximity to slums, presence of swimming pool, presence of balcony, size of the apartment, periodic rental income and land value. Both secondary and primary data sources were employed in the research and 30 housing estates where apartment are located were selected for data collection purposes. Multiple regression analysis was employed for the secondary data and the findings indicated that: land value and size of the apartments had a significant influence on apartment pricing. Descriptive statistical analysis findings indicated that proximity to shopping malls, proximity to Nairobi’s central business district, proximity to schools, presence of swimming pool, size of the apartments and land value had significant influence on apartment prices. Triangulation of secondary and primary data analysis results indicated a consistency rate of 50%. The recommendation of the study is that real estate stakeholders especially buyers should focus on size and land value of apartments as these significantly influence apartment pricing in Nairobi metropolitan area.

scholarly journals Spatial multicriteria model to analyze residential segregation in the colonias of El Paso, Texas

DECUMANUS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 97-119
Author(s):  
Adrián Botello Mares ◽  
Erick Sánchez Flores
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Business District

Residential segregation, as an expression of the socio-economic differences of the population in the territory, is a phenomenon that has been studied from different perspectives, since segregation spaces manifest themselves in different ways, depending on the socio-cultural context in which they occur. However, having tools that allow its systematic identification and characterization, facilitates its approach as public policy spaces, for the improvement of the population’s living conditions. In this paper, we present the conceptual and methodological bases to approach the phenomenon of residential segregation from a set of spatial variables that explain objectively its distribution, using a multicriteria evaluation model. Particularly, we analyzed the case of study of the border city of El Paso, Texas, and its colonias, considering basic services, accessibility and population characteristics variables, derived from 2015 census data. Results show the highest concentration of residential segregation in the so-called colonias, because of the income conditions, below the poverty line, the distance from the central business district of the city, the lack of public transportation routes, and the deficiencies in residential services. The spatially expressed segregation variables allow for a better understanding of the phenomenon in measurable terms.

scholarly journals The effects of climate change on flood hazards in Kelantan River Basin Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
Tze Huey Tam ◽  
Muhammad Zulkarnain Abd Rahman ◽  
Sobri Harun ◽  
Sophal Try ◽  
Ismaila Usman Kaoje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Kelantan River Basin

Abstract Climate change has had a significant impact on the hydrological cycle, causing changes in precipitation patterns in both frequency and magnitude. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of climate change on flood hazards in Kelantan River Basin, Malaysia. A distributed hydrological model called Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) simulates floods under current and future climate scenarios. The Climate Change Factor (CCF) is a tool for forecasting future climate scenarios. The storm used in this analysis had 50-year and 100-year recurrence intervals every 24 hours (ARI). The finding shows that the streamflow in Guillemard station will increase in the future for both the 50- and 100-year ARI. The streamflow increased to 10329 m3/s from 8434.9 m3/s in the current state and to 11220.2 m3/s from 9157.4 m3/s in the 50- and 100-year ARI, respectively. In both cases, the 100-year ARI flood magnitude is significantly less than the 50-year ARI flood extent (current and future). However, the flood depth in several towns located downstream of the Kelantan River Basin is more significant for the 100-year ARI than for the 50-year ARI for both cases. The study’s findings would be helpful to relevant agencies and government departments understand the current and potential flood hazard situation in the study area and assist them in developing effective mitigation strategies for future flood hazards.

scholarly journals Abuse of Parking Facilities and the Decay of Ikeja Central Business District, Ikeja Local Government Area, Lagos State

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O Ige
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Business District ◽  
Parking Facilities

Illegal parking has been a topical issue in environmental planning and management, especially in the area of generating early warning systems for preparedness against space abuse. However, the concentration of research effort on accessibility in central business district with unjustified neglect of parking abuse impedes the search for analytical explanations and effective strategies to control spatial challenges. The study examined the types and nature of parking facilities and parking abuse. It also examined causes and effects of the abuse, as well as the response to abuse of the parking facilities in Ikeja Central Business District of Ikeja Local Government Area. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected through in-depth interview with opinion leaders and questionnaires administered to 106 respondents randomly sampled in the core and periphery of the Central Business District of Ikeja. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentage and chi-square. Secondary data used were map of the study area and images generated from Google earth. Results showed that there were two types of parking facilities; off-street (destination parking lot) and on-street parking facilities in the area. The nature of parking abuse was highly indiscriminate, and the prevailing type of parking facility abuse in the study area was unauthorized conversion of earmarked parking spaces to commercial trading spots. The effects of the parking abuse were mainly unavailability of parking space and traffic congestion, and the major perpetuators of the abuse were traders. The response of enforcement officials to indiscriminate parking was affirmed to be inefficient by 87.7% of the respondents. The study concluded that the abuse of parking facility was rampant in the study area.

Neighborhood Ethnoracial Composition and Gentrification in Chicago and New York, 1980 to 2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Timberlake ◽  
Elaina Johns-Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
Residential Preference ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This research examines the impact of neighborhood ethnoracial composition on the likelihood that neighborhoods that could gentrify do gentrify over time. Drawing on findings from the gentrification and residential preference literatures, we hypothesize that the percentage of Black and Latino residents in neighborhoods in 1980 is associated with the probability of gentrification, conditional on the racial composition of neighborhoods in 2010. We test these hypotheses with analyses of census data for tracts in the central cities of Chicago and New York in 1980 to 2010. We find that the percentage of Black residents in 1980 was negatively associated with gentrified White and positively associated with gentrified Black neighborhoods, and that percent Latino in 1980 was positively associated with gentrified Latino neighborhoods. Finally, we found strong evidence that gentrification in these cities was much more likely to occur in neighborhoods close to the central business district.

scholarly journals Karakteristik dan Preferensi Pengguna Dalam Pemilihan Lokasi Parkir di Koridor Jalan Pemuda, Klaten

Ruang ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Marcellus Lendra Kusuma ◽  
Djoko Suwandono
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
The People ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City ◽  
Area Planning

Pemuda road corridor is the main corridor in Klaten Regency which has function as Central Business District (CBD). The growth of an area led to the need for parking space also increased. The problem is that many parked carelessly vehicles that cause roadblocks and reduce the aesthetics of the city. Needs a parking area planning in accordance with the characteristics of the people there. The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristic and preferences of users in choosing of parking location on Pemuda road corridor Klaten Regency. Data collection in this study used primary data obtained from the questionnaire. The respondent's target in this research is all the people who park their vehicles in Pemuda road corridor, which is divided into four zones of location and three time zones; morning, noon and afternoon. The result is characteristics of the user in the morning is dominated by the purpose of visit is to work with a long time parking duration (> 4 hours), then in the noon is dominated by the purpose of visit is shopping with medium parking duration (1-2 hours), and shopping and recreation purposes with medium duration parking (1-2 hours) in the afternoon. Meanwhile the preference analysis puts the security variable to be the most important in choosing of parking location.

scholarly journals Competitive Strategic Management Practices and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya: A Case of Mombasa County

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (VI) ◽  
pp. 193-215
Author(s):  
Rukia Ali Mohammed ◽  
James Rugami
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Business District ◽  
Medium Enterprises

The competitive business environment has forced organizations to engage in complex business decisions which require competitive strategic management. According to Haines (2016), Competitive Strategic management practices involves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by a company's top management on behalf of its owners, based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organization competes. Competitive Strategic management practice is an important practice as it gives a strong influence towards firms’ success. Due to the ever changing business environment, small and medium enterprises struggle to operate, manage and improve their businesses efficiently in order to deliver quality products and services consistently and on time. This is because in most enterprises the application of business strategies requires a host of expensive and time consuming changes both in the organizational culture and structure hence many owner / managers have had to overlook for some necessary and critical business strategies. The study will be guided by four objectives; to establish the effect of Cost leadership strategy on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Mombasa central business district, to determine the effect of Differentiation strategy on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Mombasa central business district, to establish the effect of focus strategy on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Mombasa central business district and to determine the effect of product innovation on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Mombasa central business district. The study will be anchored on three theories namely; Resource-based theory, game theory and Porter Generic Strategies Theory. The study will adopt both cross-sectional research design and descriptive survey design. This study targets 19,708 small and medium enterprises located at the Central Business District of Mombasa City County. A sample size of 202 small and medium enterprises will be selected for the study where the units of the study will be business owners/managers. Structured questionnaires will be used to collect primary data. The data collected will be analyzed using SPSS and the specific statistics will be descriptive and inferential statistics. The results will be displayed on charts, tables and graphs. Multivariate regression model and path analysis technique will be used to show the relationship between the independent variables to the dependent variable.

scholarly journals LAND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DECISIONS IN CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT (CBD) OF THE TAMALE METROPOLIS IN GHANA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Justice Agyei Ampofo
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tamale Metropolis ◽  
Planning Department ◽  
Business District

Tamale Metropolis have been experiencing a significant increase in economic activities especially with the influx of occupation, tertiary institutions, industrial explorations and usage of the town as the main transit route to other parts of the Northern Region and Ghana as a whole. Development of a Central Business District (CBD) has become very crucial for Tamale Metropolis as is seen in other parts of Ghana but this can best occur only depending on Land Resource Development Decisions (LRDD) taken by developers as every Central Business District backbone is on the built environment. This study explored the land resource development decisions in the Tamale Metropolis. The primary data for the study was obtained mainly through interviews with property owners within the Central Business District of Tamale Central. Existing literature both published and unpublished were also secured and reviewed. The study found out that there are more ripped for redevelopment properties than redeveloped properties within the Central Business District of Tamale Central with a source of funding being the major challenge towards redevelopment. Education, occupation and income are key things that were revealed to have a significant influence on the issue of redevelopment decisions within the Central Business District of Tamale. The study recommends that there should be awareness creation on the various aspects of redevelopment to developers within the Tamale Metropolis by the Tamale Metropolitan Assembly, the introduction of a by-law on redevelopment within the CBD of Tamale by the Tamale Metropolitan Assembly Town and Country Planning Department and a special mortgage scheme by mortgage institutions/financial institutions in Ghana to support low-income developers in Tamale Metropolis to contribute to development and redevelopment of the housing industry thereby reducing the housing deficit of Ghana. Keywords: Land, Resource, Development, Redevelopment, Redevelopment Decisions, Central Business District (CBD). Tamale Metropolis, Northern Region, Ghana.

scholarly journals Non-pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) in Curbing COVID-19 in a Metropolis in North-Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adejoke Adijat Joseph ◽  
Oluyemi Adesoji Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Face ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Background: Effective treatment for COVID-19 is not available, and neither is an effective vaccine for its prevention. Drastic measures in the form of non-pharmaceutical interventions need to be applied to reduce transmission and flatten the curve. Objectives: This study aimed at analyzing the knowledge of the study population about social distancing and their attitude towards the use of face masks in a bid to flatten the curve of COVID-19 pandemic in the state and Nigeria as a whole. Methods: This study, which was conducted in the central business district of Ilorin in Kwara State, Nigeria, investigated the knowledge of social distancing and attitude toward the use of face masks in a metropolis. A total of 300 participants were randomly selected, and their information was retrieved through the administration of a self or interviewer-administered questionnaire. The primary data was analyzed using SPSS. Variables were tested with chi-squared test, and data was presented in frequency tables and simple percentages. Attitude of the participants was evaluated using a five-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Results: Most of the participants (93.3%) had heard about social distancing. What the term means was not known to 68 (22.7%) of the participants and not practiced by 106 (30.7%) of them. The consistent use of face masks was reported by 30 (10%) participants, while 164 (54.7%) used face masks irregularly, and 106 (35.3%) did not use them at all. Face masks are perceived to be uncomfortable by 165 (55%) respondents, 134 (44.7%) believed it disturbs normal breathing, 103 (34.3) thought it disfigures the face, and its effects on dressing was pointed out by 95 (31.7) respondents. Conclusions: In general, the participants demonstrated a good knowledge of social distancing though not widely practiced it. They also had a positive attitude towards the use of face masks, though it was not correctly and consistently worn. Intensified efforts in education on the right use and essence of these non-pharmaceutical interventions are strongly recommended.

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