scholarly journals Infections of Port Access Catheters in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Joodi ◽  
Mohammad Saeed Sasan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Catheter Infection ◽  
Port Access ◽  
Pocket Infection ◽  
Group B ◽  
Catheter Infections

Background: The most important complication of port access catheters (PAC) compared to peripheral lines is a higher incidence of infections. Objectives: This study investigated the frequency of catheter infection and related factors in Dr. Sheikh Children Hospital (SCH). Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study at Sheikh children’s hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The data of children with an operation for PAC surgery were gathered from hospital files and completed by calling the parents. The definition of PAC infection was based on clinical signs of catheter infection and any positive blood culture (peripheral or catheter sample) or the resolution of signs of infection after the extraction of the catheter in the absence of positive blood cultures. Results: During six years, 70 children received PAC, all of whom (except five) were followed by telephone calls. Forty percent of them were younger than two years, and 71.4% had malignant disease. Catheter infection occurred in 16 (22.8%) cases. Signs of catheter infection were fever and cellulitis over the port in nine (56%) cases (pocket infection), chills and fever during catheter usage (without port infection) in six (37.5%) cases, and persistent fever in one patient (6.2%). Blood culture was positive in 75% (12 cases) of catheter infections, and the responsible organisms were Gram-negative bacilli (five cases), Coagulase-negative staphylococci (three cases), Candida (three cases), and group B streptococci (GBS). The success rate for “medical therapy per se” was 68% in catheter infections. The catheter was removed in 22 (31.4%) patients, which was due to infection in half of them. The mean time to removal was 15.3 months. Conclusions: The incidence of catheter infection, especially pocket infection, is high in this population, which necessities revision in all procedures of catheter implantation and care.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infections caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci in haematological patients with neutropenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MÜLLER-PREMRU ◽  
P. ČERNELČ
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Peripheral Vein ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Haematological Patients

Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) is common in haematological patients with febrile neutropenia. As the clinical signs of CRBSI are usually scarce and it is difficult to differentiate from blood culture contamination, we tried to confirm CRBSI by molecular typing of CNS isolated from paired blood cultures (one from a peripheral vein and another from the central venous catheter hub). Blood cultures were positive in 59 (36%) out of 163 patients. CNS were isolated in 24 (40%) patients; in 14 from paired blood cultures (28 isolates) and in 10 from a single blood culture. CNS from paired blood cultures were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined and bacteria were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of bacterial genomic DNA. In 13 patients, the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was identical. The PFGE patterns from paired blood cultures were identical or closely related in 10 patients, thus confirming the presence of CRBSI. In the remaining four patients they were unrelated, and suggested a mixed infection or contamination. Since CNS isolates from three patients had identical PFGE patterns, they were probably nosocomially spread amongst them.

Nosocomial Infections Among Neonates in High-risk Nurseries in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Gaynes ◽  
Jonathan R. Edwards ◽  
William R. Jarvis ◽  
David H. Culver ◽  
James S. Tolson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Infection Site ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Group B ◽  
Weight Groups

Background. Nosocomial infections result in considerable morbidity and mortality among neonates in high-risk nurseries (HRNs). Purpose. To examine the epidemiology of nosocomial infections among neonates in level III HRNs. Methods. Data were collected from 99 hospitals with HRNs participating in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system, which uses standard surveillance protocols and nosocomial infection site definitions. The data included information on maternal acquisition of and risk factors for infection, such as device exposure, birth weight category (≤1000, 1001 through 1500, 1501 through 2500, and >2500 g), mortality, and the relationship of the nosocomial infection to death. Results. From October 1986 through September 1994, these hospitals submitted data on 13 179 nosocomial infections. The bloodstream was the most frequent site of nosocomial infection in all birth weight groups. Nosocomial pneumonia was the second most common infection site, followed by the gastrointestinal and eye, ear, nose, and throat sites. The most common nosocomial pathogens among all neonates were coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, Enterobacter sp, and Escherichia coli. Group B streptococci were associated with 46% of bloodstream infections that were maternally acquired; coagulase-negative staphylococci were associated with 58% of bloodstream infections that were not maternally acquired, most of which (88%) were associated with umbilical or central intravenous catheters. Conclusions. Bloodstream infections, the most frequent nosocomial infections in all birth weight groups, should be a major focus of surveillance and prevention efforts in HRNs. For bloodstream infections, stratification of surveillance data by maternal acquisition will help focus prevention efforts for group B streptococci outside the HRN. Within the nursery, bloodstream infection surveillance should focus on umbilical or central intravenous catheter use, a major risk factor for infection.

scholarly journals Association between echocardiographic manifestations and bacterial infections in patients with infective endocarditis: a cohort study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Damlin ◽  
Katarina Westling ◽  
Eva Maret ◽  
Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg ◽  
Kenneth Caidahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
National Registry ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cardiac Manifestations

Abstract Abstract Background The diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) is based on microbiological analyses and diagnostic imaging of cardiac manifestations. Echocardiography (ECHO) is preferred for direct visualization of IE-induced cardiac manifestations. We investigated correlations between bacterial infections and IE manifestations diagnosed by ECHO. Methods In this cohort study, data from patients aged 18 years or above, with definite or possible IE admitted at the Karolinska University Hospital between 2008-2017 were obtained from Swedish National Registry of Endocarditis. Bacteria registered as pathogen were primarily selected from positive blood culture and for patients with negative blood culture, bacteria found in culture or PCR from postoperative material was registered as pathogen. Patients with negative results from culture or PCR were excluded. IE manifestations diagnosed by ECHO and risk factors were obtained from the registry. Chi-squared test and two-sided Fisher’s exact test was used for comparisons between categorical variables, and student’s ttest was used for continuous numerical variables; two-sided and skewed variables were log-transformed before these analyses. Multivariable analyses were performed using logistic regression. Associations and the strength between the variables were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). P< 0.05 was considered significant. Results The most common bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus(n= 268, 47%) and viridans group streptococci (n= 127, 22%). The most common manifestations were vegetation in the mitral (n = 222, 36%), aortic (n = 214, 34%), and tricuspid valves (n = 117, 19%). Correlations were seen between aortic valve vegetation and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Enterococcus faecalis, between mitral valve vegetation and group B streptococci, tricuspid valve vegetation, andS.aureus, and between perivalvular abscesses and CoNS (all P< 0.05). Conclusions Correlations were found between certain bacteria and specific ECHO manifestations. Our study contributes to a better understanding of IE manifestations and their underlying bacterial etiology, which pathogens can cause severe infections and might require close follow-up and surgical treatment.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF CRP AND PLATELET COUNT IN EARLY NEONATAL SEPSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Walchand Shaha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Group B ◽  
A Prospective Study

Material and Methods: A Prospective study was performed in the department of Pediatrics in territory care institute for the duration of 8 months. Forty newborns were included in the study group to satisfy including criteria. Before antibiotic treatment, neonates CRP and platelet count were assessed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Out of the 40 cases, 22 were male babies, and the rest 18 were female. Blood culture was positive in 19 out of the 40 cases, CRP was positive in 21 cases, and thrombocytopenia was observed in 16 cases.  Klebsiella is the commonest gram organism causing sepsis in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The Gram-positive organisms grown are Coagulase Positive and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Group B Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus, and Enterococcus. Out of 16 thrombocytopenia neonatal, 15 shows Gram-negative and 1 shows gram-positive blood culture. Conclusion: Qualitative analysis of C-reactive protein can be used as an early marker of sepsis, especially in resource-limited settings. Although thrombocytopenia occurs predominantly in gram-negative sepsis, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of platelet count to differentiate between gram-positive and gram-negative sepsis. Keywords: CRP, Platelet count,blood cultures, sepsis.

scholarly journals In Vitro Ability of the Group B Streptococci to Inhibit Gram-Positive and Gram-Variable Constituents of the Bacterial Flora of the Female Genital Tract

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pongsakdi Chaisilwattana ◽  
Gilles R. G. Monif
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Test Panel ◽  
Viridans Streptococci ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Group B ◽  
Female Genital

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the ability of septicemic and nonsepticemic isolates of group B streptococci (GBS) to inhibit in vitro the principal bacterial groups found in the normal bacterial flora of the female genital tract. Methods: The target groups were composed of 1) 10 strains each of the following: viridans streptococci, nonhemolytic streptococci (not group B or D), group A streptococci, GBS, peptostreptococci, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and Gardnerella vaginalis; 2) 9 strains of enterococci; 3) 9 strains of group C or G streptococci; 4) 7 strains of lactobacilli; and 5) 7 strains of diphtheroids. All target groups were tested for inhibition by a test panel of either a group of 10 or 41 GBS isolates. If the GBS isolates failed to inhibit a target group, that group was tested for its ability to inhibit the GBS test panel. Results: The GBS test panel did not inhibit the growth of coagulase-negative staphylococci or S. aureus but uniformly inhibited groups A, B, C, and G streptococci, lactobacilli, and G. vaginalis. One of the 7 strains of diphtheroids was inhibited by 37 of the 41 GBS isolates; the other 6 strains of diphtheroids were uniformly inhibited. Variable inhibition by GBS was observed with viridans streptococci, nonhemolytic (not group B or D) streptococci, peptostreptococci, and enterococci; however, inhibition or noninhibition was uniform for a given target strain against the entire GBS test panel. The 23 GBS isolates obtained from septicemic neonates or adults did not differ from the 18 nonsepticemic isolates in their ability to inhibit other species of streptococci or other gram-positive or gram-variable constituents of the bacterial flora of the female genital tract. When converse testing was done, all 10 GBS isolates were uniformly inhibited by coagulase-negative staphylococci and by the majority of enterococci, but were not inhibited by S. aureus.Conclusions: These studies suggest that GBS may be significant regulators of other β-hemolytic streptococci, diphtheroids, lactobacilli, and G. vaginalis within the bacterial flora of the female genital tract. Moreover, the absence of GBS in the vaginal flora may be the result of mediation by coagulase-negative staphylococci and selected strains of enterococci.

scholarly journals Systemic streptococcal group B disease in Norway – an increasing health problem

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Hasseltvedt ◽  
E A Høiby
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Positive Blood Culture ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
The Past ◽  
Group B

Norway has in the past years experienced an increasing incidence of systemic disease caused by group B streptococci (GBS, Streptococcus agalactiae) as monitored by notifications of positive blood culture and spinal fluid specimens to Norway’s Meldingssystem for smittsomme sykdommer (MSIS) at Statens institutt for folkehelse (National Institute of Public Health, NIPH).

scholarly journals Interrelationships Within the Bacterial Flora of the Female Genital Tract

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Carson ◽  
Paul G. Lapoint ◽  
Gilles R. G. Monif
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Group B ◽  
Female Genital

Analysis of 240 consecutive vaginal swabs using the compatibility profile technique revealed that only 2 bacteria have the ability to be a sole isolate and as such a candidate to be a major aerobic regulator of the bacterial flora of the female genital tract (BFFGT). Compatibility profiles ofLactobacillusandGardnerella vaginalishave shown that these organisms shared compatibility profiling for the majority of the normal bacterial constituents of the female genital tract. Dominance disruption appears to come from the addition of compatible co-isolates and presumed loss of numerical superiority. These phenomena appear to be the keys to reregulation of BFFGT.Lactobacillusappears to be the major regulator of bothG. vaginalisand anaerobic bacteria. When additional organisms are added to the bacterial flora, they may add to or partially negate the inhibitory influence ofLactobacilluson the BFFGT. Inhibitor interrelationships appear to exist between coagulase-negative staphylococci andStaphylococcus aureusand the group B streptococci (GBS) and other beta hemolytic streptococci. Facilitating interrelationships appear to exist betweenS. aureusand the GBS and selectedEnterobacteriaceae.

scholarly journals Clinical Comparison between Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis with Abscess vs Without Abscess in Clinical Features and Outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S94-S94
Author(s):  
Takahiro Matsuo ◽  
Nobuyoshi Mori ◽  
Eri Hoshino ◽  
Aki Sakurai ◽  
Keiichi Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Vertebral Osteomyelitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background It is well documented that native vertebral osteomyelitis (NVO) is accompanied by abscess formation (epidural, paravertebral, and psoas muscle) that is complicated by neurological deficit. There are few studies comparing between NVO with abscess and NVO without abscess in clinical features and outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study at St. Luke’s Intl. Hosp. in Tokyo, Japan (acute care hospital, 520 beds) from 2004 to 2015. Diagnosis of acute NVO was made by clinical signs and symptoms, and MRI. Clinical features and outcomes of NVO patients with abscess were compared with ones without abscess. Fisher’s exact test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Kaplan–Meier curve with log-rank test were used in univariate analysis and the association to length of stay was analyzed by Cox-regression model controlling confounding. Results Among 122 patients with NVO, 83 patients (68%) had abscess (group A) and 39 patients (32%) had no abscess (group B). Median age: (group A: 69 vs. group B: 66, P = 0.641). Median length of stay (LOS) in hosp: (A: 48 vs. B: 43 days, &#x2028;P = 0.007) (Table 1). Group A had higher rate of neurological symptoms (16.9 vs. 2.6%, P = 0.035), blood cultures positivity (62.7 vs. 35.9%, P = 0.007), infective endocarditis (IE) (15.7 vs. 2.6%, P = 0.036), and longer duration of therapy (75 vs. 56 days, P = 0.025) than group B in univariate analysis. Also, group A had trend toward higher rate of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (28.9 vs. 5.1%, P = 0.056). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed LOS was significantly longer in group A (P = 0.013) (Figure 1). The result of Cox’s proportional hazards model suggested abscess was associated with longer LOS (Table 2). Blood culture positivity was independently associated with longer LOS. No statistically significant associations were observed between abscess and 90-day mortality (5.1 vs. 3.6%, P = 0.654), or neurological sequelae (6 vs. 0%, P = 0.227). Conclusion LOS of NVO patients with abscess was longer than those without abscess. In particular, LOS was significantly longer in patients with positive blood culture than those with negative results. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document