scholarly journals Fair play ve světle problémů současného sportu

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Aleš Sekot
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Educational Role ◽  
Relevant Context ◽  
New Challenges

Sport as social and cultural phenomenon plays globally an important role in traditional form of unique physical activity, but also as spectator form of mass culture fascinating growing number of people of all cultural levels, races, political and religious orientation. Sport is growing its importance on the level of policy of mutual understanding of nations and its educational role generates above all in broader context the canon of fair play and olympism. Sport has socializational impact on the level of leisire physical activity as well in relevant context of high performance elite sport. Growing importance of maximal performance, victory, records and reward brings forth also new dimensions and apprehension of sport ethic and as a consequence puts before the sport public new perpectives of olympic education with accordance of fair play spirit. In such context we face new challenges not only on the fi eld of physical education, but in all-round attitude to elite top sport.

Fair Play in the Perspective of Contemporary Sport

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 175-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleš Sekot
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Recreational Sports ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
Value Modeling

Fair Play in the Perspective of Contemporary Sport Sport as a socio-cultural phenomenon of modern times is often portrayed as a renaissance of the Olympic ideals. Today, however, we can see that sports in many cases contributes to the emancipation process, particularly in developing countries, offers opportunities for strengthening national identity and fosters respect for state symbols. A wider context of applying the principle of fair play in sports has its indisputable philosophical and ethical dimensions. The first expresses the widening gap between high performance sports and recreational sports. The importance of schools in the value modeling of the principle of fair play in general and at the level of sports is given by the fact that their very nature is aimed at socialization and education. Olympic Movement must ensure that the Olympic Games preserve both the Olympic values and the principles of protecting the environment, respond to the needs of the young generation of athletes and enhance gender equality and equal opportunities.

Sport, science and politics in Indonesia: challenges in epistemology within an evolving global context

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-17
Author(s):  
John Saunders ◽  
Rusli Lutan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Sport Science ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
International Sport

This paper considers the current status of physical education and sport science in Indonesia from the perspective of the development of the professional knowledge base and research culture surrounding its practice. It seeks to place the field’s development within the broader context of international sport studies from 1945 to 2020. It identifies as major influences the process of globalisation and the growth of international sport as a significant political and economic entity. Physical education is acknowledged as a common historical base for the three modern strands within contemporary sports studies – medical /and health science, high performance studies, and sports business management. Future developments are considered in the context of the current pandemic. Covid19 and the world’s response to it has impacted on some key dimensions which underpin the current global sports economy – namely easy and convenient travel and the gathering of crowds in the widespread consumption of live sport. It is suggested that this might cause a major reset in the conduct of elite sport and sport festivals. The continuing growth of the physical activity and health sector is predicted and in the context of the serious challenges facing the sporting sector a case is made for increased resources to be moved back into the educational study and practice of sport and physical activity as a universal good.

scholarly journals Motywy sportowe w polskiej sztuce międzywojennej — rekonesans

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
Michał Mazurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Great Strength ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Art And Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Art ◽  
The Times

Sports Motifs in Interwar Polish Art — a ReconnaissanceSport is an important cultural phenomenon permeating many spheres of human activity. It has a great strength of influence and is constantly present in art and literature, also in Poland. Artists, especially the ones being lovers of sport, have always been fascinated with the potential existing in different kinds of games. After regaining independence in 1918, physical activity enjoyed great popularity in the awaken­ing Polish state. Sport was seen as achance of broadly understood renaissance of the nation; in addi­tion, its role in preparing the army to fight in the times of still real threats was appreciated. A positive influence of sport on youth was also seen. It also entered the world of art. The aim of this paper is to present Polish artists inspired by sport, also including laureates of the Art Competitions at the Summer Olympics, like for example poet Kazimierz Wierzyński, painter Władysław Skoczylas or sculptor Józef Klukowski. The author analyses both their motivations and the artistic output. The examination is preceded by an introduction showing the beginnings of Polish art inspired by sport and entertainment, whose elements one will find for example in the case of Leon Wyczółkowski or Wojciech Kossak, as well as the beginnings of sports literature. The history of the presence of sport in Polish art and literature is quite rich. The research enquired exploration of the history of Polish antebellum sport, looking over the works of artists interested in sport, as well as familiarising oneself with numerous publications devoted to this phenomenon.

PITWALL

2012 ◽  
pp. 320-343
Author(s):  
Subrata Acharya
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Differentiated Services ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Packet Filtering ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Network Defense ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
New Challenges

The continuous growth in the Internet’s size, the amount of data traffic, and the complexity of processing this traffic give rise to new challenges in building high performance network devices. Such an exponential growth, coupled with the increasing sophistication of attacks, is placing stringent demands on the performance of network Information Systems. These challenges require new designs, architecture, and algorithms for raising situational awareness, and hence, providing performance improvements on current network devices and cyber systems. In this research, the author focuses on the design of architecture and algorithms for optimization of network defense systems, specifically firewalls, to aid not only adaptive and real-time packet filtering but also fast content based routing (differentiated services) for today’s data-driven networks.

scholarly journals Physical Activity as a Sociological Phenomenon

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Aleš Sekot
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Active Lifestyles

Physical Activity as a Sociological PhenomenonWe are living in a time when society, culture and science have become increasingly aware of the great importance of sport not only as a part of mass culture, but broadly understood, for individual and social health and well-being. Physical activity of people plays an increasingly more important role in scientific interest regarding way of life found in contemporary society; it is a crucial factor in the process of officiating the level of healthy and active lifestyles, quality of life, and health in general. An indispensable role of physical activity in the course of human life is also confirmed, both permanently and scientifically, in the context of obesity prevention.The development of a sedentary lifestyle is the result of a socialization process that is developed at youth and continued into adulthood, and leads to physical inactivity. At the present we face in our cultural settings an apparent trend: People are becoming more and more individualized, losing the beneficial impact of community activities, involved in passive way of life that lacks a proper level of physical activities and active sport. The phenomenon of physical activity has also been considered from the perspective of the Project EURO-PREVOB, highlighting built environmental aspects of ways of life.

Universities as Social Background in “Trading Zone” Creation

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 493-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Maslanov
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Social Background ◽  
University Education ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Trading Zone ◽  
Trading Zones ◽  
New Challenges

The article analyzes the conception of a trading zone as a space of action and belief coordination. P. Galison proposed the conception based on anthropological and linguistic analogies. The article reviews the anthropological analogies aimed at building up the conception and the legitimacy of their use. The conclusion is that the analogies used are not accurate enough. If the tribes interacting in trading zones have a common history, material culture, and practices, they can hardly have significant differences. If they are not in possession of all these characteristics, they are unlikely to remind us of different groups of scientists who participate in common researches. The article also contains the hypothesis that acceptance of a common habitus is a condition subject to which the scientists can arrange the mutual understanding space. It issues new challenges to the scientific community, as all people related to university education also accept the scientists’ habitus.

scholarly journals Influence of Physical Activity Levels and Functional Capacity on Brain β-Amyloid Deposition in Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Pedrero-Chamizo ◽  
Cassandra Szoeke ◽  
Lorraine Dennerstein ◽  
Stephen Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Β Amyloid

Physical activity (PA) and Alzheimer's disease are associated. However, how PA influences the cerebral β-amyloid (Aβ) burden remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine if PA levels and/or functional capacity (FC) are associated with Aβ plaque deposition, and whether these associations differed according to APOE-ε4 genotype. A total of 117 women (69.7 ± 2.6 years; 33.3% APOE-ε4-carriers) from the Women's Healthy Ageing Project cohort (WHAP) were analyzed. PA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and, FC was evaluated using the Timed Up and Go test (TUGt). Positron emission tomography with F-18 Florbetaben was carried out to assess cerebral Aβ burden, and quantified using standardized uptake value rations. The sample was split into PA and TUGt tertiles (T1, T2 and T3), and compared according to APOE-ε4 genotype (positive/negative). There were no significant differences in Aβ accumulation according to PA tertiles and APOE-ε4 genotype. Regarding FC, APOE-ε4+ participants in the first TUGt tertile (high performance) obtained significant lower Aβ accumulations compared with the other two tertiles (p < 0.05). Comparing between genotypes, greater Aβ depositions were found between T2 and T3 in APOE-ε4+ compared with those who were APOE-ε4– (p < 0.05). Values of TUGt ≥ 6.5 s (APOE-ε4+) and 8.5 s (APOE-ε4–) were associated with an increased risk of having higher Aβ retention. In conclusion, low performance in TUGt is associated with a negative effect on brain pathology with increasing cerebral Aβ depositions in older women who are APOE-ε4+. In physically active older women (> 600 METs·min/week), higher PA levels are not associated with reduction in Aβ depositions.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress as a factor in the deterioration of oxygen transfer during exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
L.M. Gunina ◽  
◽  
I.L. Rybina ◽  
Yu.A. Ataman ◽  
V.L. Voitenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Endogenous Erythropoietin ◽  
Structure And Functions

Blood oxygen transport regulation by physical activity increase within training dynamics is provided with different mechanisms: from the quantitative and qualitative erythron restructure (including endogenous erythropoietin rise and main erythrocyte index shifts) to change in haemoglobin affinity to oxygen, its heterogeneous structure and blood flow growth as a result of endothelium hyperpolarisation. However, the erythrocyte itself remains a key performer in blood velocity control, due to its structure and functions. This review summarizes the data of modern scientific literature on the characteristics of erythrocytes, which make these cells one of the key links in the oxygen transport system of the blood. The focus on this property of erythrocytes during physical activity is based on the fact that the athlete’s muscles must be supplied with enough oxygen to ensure high performance. Specific training and extra-training factors affecting the content of erythrocytes have been determined. The membrane structure is treated as a significant erythrocyte part in determining its deformation and microvascular blood transport. Enzymes associated with the erythrocyte membrane and affecting cell viability and performance are described. Besides, it is stressed on monitoring erythrocyte indices via modern equipment and assessing lipid peroxidation, which leads to disorders in erythrocyte membrane structure and functions.

scholarly journals The Influence of Moderate Physical Activity on Brain Monoaminergic Responses to Binge-Patterned Alcohol Ingestion in Female Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor J. Buhr ◽  
Carter H. Reed ◽  
Allyse Shoeman ◽  
Ella E. Bauer ◽  
Rudy J. Valentine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Ethanol Ingestion ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Ethanol Drinking ◽  
Motor Circuits ◽  
Running Wheels

Monoamine neurotransmitter activity in brain reward, limbic, and motor areas play key roles in the motivation to misuse alcohol and can become modified by exercise in a manner that may affect alcohol craving. This study investigated the influence of daily moderate physical activity on monoamine-related neurochemical concentrations across the mouse brain in response to high volume ethanol ingestion. Adult female C57BL/6J mice were housed with or without 2.5 h of daily access to running wheels for 30 days. On the last 5 days, mice participated in the voluntary binge-like ethanol drinking procedure, “Drinking in the dark” (DID). Mice were sampled immediately following the final episode of DID. Monoamine-related neurochemical concentrations were measured across brain regions comprising reward, limbic, and motor circuits using ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC). The results suggest that physical activity status did not influence ethanol ingestion during DID. Moreover, daily running wheel access only mildly influenced alcohol-related norepinephrine concentrations in the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex, as well as serotonin turnover in the hippocampus. However, access to alcohol during DID eliminated wheel running-related decreases of norepinephrine, serotonin, and 5-HIAA content in the hypothalamus, but also to a lesser extent for norepinephrine in the hippocampus and caudal cortical areas. Finally, alcohol access increased serotonin and dopamine-related neurochemical turnover in the striatum and brainstem areas, regardless of physical activity status. Together, these data provide a relatively thorough assessment of monoamine-related neurochemical levels across the brain in response to voluntary binge-patterned ethanol drinking, but also adds to a growing body of research questioning the utility of moderate physical activity as an intervention to curb alcohol abuse.

scholarly journals “THE SEAMY SIDE OF THE CITY”: MARGINAL LANDSCAPES AND CONTEMPORARY VISUAL CULTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-87
Author(s):  
OLGA A. LAVRENOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
Modern Mass

The topic of people thrown to the sidelines of life is considered in a double frame—in the context of the way the urban space is arranged and in the context of modern visual culture (feature films, video and photo blogs, videos on popular YouTube channels). The most hyped-up type of marginal landscape in modern media is slums. The otherness of such spaces has always been a subject of interest and curiosity, for “gazing”—interpretation, perception and entertainment. In modern mass culture, the “location” of the global south slums is especially trendy. In such exterior, hyper-popular feature films such as Slumdog Millionaire have been shot, causing a new cultural phenomenon—mass slum tourism. This phenomenon seems to be ambiguous from an ethical point of view; but from the point of view of visual culture, it is voyeurism brought to the level of an art and everyday life practice. The second type of marginal urban landscapes is local “invasion” into the decent and institutionalized city space. This art form serves as a “location” for a psychological drama of superfluous people. Features of national identity are most clearly manifested on its seamy side rather than anywhere else. Japanese townships of the homeless, incorporated into central and well-to-do areas, are no strangers to order and aesthetics; while Russian realities—chaos, departure from norms and underground—are completely opposite. Classic films devoted to this issue—Dodes’ka-den by Akira Kurasawa, Promised Heaven by Eldar Ryazanov, The Lady in the Van by Nicholas Hytner—model these seamy spaces and their peculiarities inherent in national culture. Very popular now are YouTube channels about the life of homeless people, which show real characters in their real habitats, introducing marginal spaces into the rank of a hot-topic visual culture. This type of visualization provokes another cultural phenomenon— the perception of marginal loci and their inhabitants as an interactive performance. Interactivity can vary from attacking to fraternization, from preaching to charity. Odd as it may seem, hyper-visualization and aestheticization of social ulcers contributes to their social invisibility. It is a problem, which no one is going to solve anymore; it has become a part of modern culture with its own philosophical and aesthetic arguments—and in a certain sense they act as its justification.

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