Difficulties of I-Perspective in Projects of Phenomenology and Naturalism Integration

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Diana E. Gasparyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
Body Scheme ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cognitive Niches ◽  
Subjective States

The article explores the private nature of subjectivity in programs of integration the phenomenology with naturalism. It is considered if their tools are relevant for the phenomenological, rather than naturalistic way of subjectivity’s explaining. Justification of the key ideas is provided with the help of such concepts as “body image”, “body scheme”, (Sh. Gallagher), “ontological significance” (L. Baker), “experience”, “cognitive niches” (F. Varela), “transparent body” (T. Fuchs). Based on the traditional phenomenology of E. Husserl, it is shown that a set of approaches that integrate phenomenology and naturalism within the framework of “first-person philosophy” can be characterized as a phenomenology without a phenomenological subject. It is shown that the phenomenological nature of the self-perspective in integrative programs is more likely to be understood as the qualification and privacy of subjectivity, while the transcendental aspect of the unobservable and biased consciousness is practically not taken into account. The article concludes that the logic of some projects of integration of phenomenology and naturalism overlook this transcendental peculiarity of consciousness, its fundamentally unobserved character. The classical phenomenological approach emphasizes on the extra-natural, biased, and non-empirical nature of consciousness. The role and significance of the phenomenological approach is not limited to the idea of “what-is-likeness” and privacy of subjective states. Phenomenology, which preserves the idea of the subject, means a radical break with the ontology of things and, in general, with the ontology of something objective at all.

Self and Self-Representation in the Long Twentieth Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 295-316
Author(s):  
Christopher Peacocke
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Person Concept

Six issues are salient in discussions of the first person since 1900: immunity to error through misidentification; the possibility of survival without survival of one’s body; the elusiveness of the self; the role of the first person attitudes in the explanation of action; the first person component in mental concepts; and the role of the first person simulation in explaining the actions of others. Since 1900, there have been accounts both of the nature of the first person concept, and accounts of the nature of subjects of experience. This paper discusses the achievements and limitations of these accounts in addressing the preceding six issues. These issues are also assessed against a wider range of possibilities, both for the first person and for the subject to which it refers, than are considered in this literature.

Blind Men Speaking of Colors: Paul's Recollection and the Self-Image of Early Thirteenth-Century Theologians

2014 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-446
Author(s):  
Ayelet Even-Ezra
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
Knowledge Of God ◽  
The Third ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Third Person

In the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, Paul writes: It is doubtless not profitable for me to boast. I will come to visions and revelations of the Lord: I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago—whether in the body I do not know, or whether out of the body I do not know, God knows—such a one was caught up to the third heaven. And I know such a man—whether in the body or out of the body I do not know, God knows—how he was caught up into Paradise and heard inexpressible words, which it is not lawful for a man to utter. Of such a one I will boast; yet of myself I will not boast, except in my infirmities. (2 Cor 12:1–5 nkiv) This brief and enigmatic account is caught between multiple dialectics of power and infirmity, pride and humility, unveiling and secrecy. At this point in his letter Paul is turning to a new source of power in order to establish his authority against the crowd of boasting false apostles who populate the previous paragraphs. He wishes to divulge his intimate, occult knowledge of God, but at the same time keep his position as antihero that is prevalent throughout the epistle. These dialectics are enhanced by a sophisticated play of first and third person. The third person denotes the subject who experienced rapture fourteen years ago, while the first person denotes the narrator in the present. Only after several verses does the reader realize that these two are in fact the same person. This alienation allows Paul the intricate play of boasting, for “of such a one I will boast, yet of myself I will not boast.”

scholarly journals Der Spannungsbogen von Autonomie und Verletzlichkeit. Eine phänomenologisch-anthropologische Reflexion / The Unsolved Tension between Autonomy and Vulnerability

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 349-363
Author(s):  
Alice Pugliese
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Summary A phenomenological approach to anthropology should not propose a static definition of man, but inquire into specific human motivations, which never occur isolated. Therefore, the autonomy-dependency connection is presented as a possible human motivational ground. The notion of autonomy, presented with reference to the Kantian idea of the self-determining reason and to the Husserlian account of self-constitution, reveals in itself elements of dependency. On the other side, the notion of vulnerability and reliance is displayed through different approaches of Gehlen, MacIntyre and Toombs in order to illustrate dependency not as a mere capitulation of the subject, but as one of its intrinsic possibilities, which does not exclude autonomous will.

scholarly journals Nietzsche, Selfhood, and the Limitations of the Transcendental Reading

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Violi Sahaj ◽  
Bart Vandenabeele
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
First Person ◽  
Lack Of Fit ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
The Subject

AbstractThe Nietzschean conception of selfhood has been the subject of considerable debate in the Anglophone commentary. This debate has been focused on what Sebastian Gardner coined as ‘the lack of fit’ between Nietzsche’s theoretical and practical remarks on the self. There have been various attempts at a solution to the lack of fit and in this article we address one such solution, which we call the ‘transcendental reading’. We argue that the reading is right to highlight that Nietzschean selfhood risks elimination of first-person practical agency. We contend, however, that the reading limits our understanding of his critique of a strictly first-person conception of selfhood. This critique aims to reject a conception of the self as distinct from the drives. We finally suggest an alternative solution to the lack of fit that takes into account the concerns of the transcendental reading, but seeks to overcome its limitations.

scholarly journals The problem of intersubjectivity in Western philosophy: Boundaries of the communicative approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Somova ◽  
Pavel Vladimirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Research Area ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self In Relation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Social Phenomenology

The article defines the meaning of the phenomenological approach to the analysis of the concept of intersubjectivity in the context of social and philosophical problems of the balance of the Self and the Other. The discourse is based on the correlation of phenomenological orientation and communicative action in determining the mechanisms of identity of the Self in relation to the Other in the inseparability of social reality. A sequential analysis of prerequisites and research approaches aimed at testing the problem of intersubjectivity is carried out. The focus is placed on social phenomenological research of A. Schutz and the theory of communicative action of J. Habermas, which are aimed at understanding the correlation between the peculiarities of human existence, his life-world and the area of social relations or the inevitability of establishing overindividual patterns. Relevance of the research lies in elaborating the issue of establishing intersubjectivity under the fundamental non-identity of the subjects of communication and their predetermined attitudes. The article concludes by outlining the feasibility of expanding the rational predetermination of the subject-subjective structure of communicative action with the research area of social phenomenology.

scholarly journals KONSEP DIRI WARIA (FENOMENA WARIA DI AKADEMI PARIWISATA MAKASSAR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita Ashari
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Subject

ABSTRACTThis study aims to describe the self-concept of the transgender and the process of forming the self-concept of the transgender. The data analysis of the research results was carried out qualitatively. The approach used is a phenomenological approach, where the subjects studied are transgender women who study at the Makassar Tourism Academy. The results of the study prove that Subject 1 (NN) and subject 2 (OP) have a negative self-concept because they are unable to position themselves as a whole, being male or female. After all, they can play two genders at once, confusing gender, while 3 (ED) has a positive self-concept because the subject is positive about him.Keywords : self-concept, transgender  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan konsep diri kaum waria dan proses pembentukan konsep diri kaum waria. Analisis data hasil penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan fenomenologi, dimana subjek yang diteliti adalah waria yang kuliah di Akademi Pariwisata Makassar. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa Subjek 1 (NN) dan subjek 2 (OP) memiliki konsep diri yang cenderung negatif dikarenakan belum mampu memposisikan diri seutuhnya menjadi laki-laki atau perempuan karena mampu memerankan dua jenis kelamin sekaligus dalam kehidupannya sehingga mengalami kebingungan identitas jenis kelamin, sementara subjek 3 (ED) memiliki konsep diri yang cenderung positif dikarenakan penilaian positif terhadap dirinya.

“Age of the First Person Singular”: the Vocabulary of the Self in New England, 1780–1850

1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis P. Masur
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Natural Impulse

If we only considered how near and intimate is the subject of the study of the self, we might suppose that of all studies it would be the most easy. And since it carries us back to the object of our most lively affections, we might think it would be most agreeable, and that we should proceed to it by natural impulse. Yet it is precisely the contrary.

scholarly journals Appearing to Oneself (or not). Phenomenology and the Linguistic Turn

Phainomenon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-153
Author(s):  
Pierre-Jean Renaudie
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Phenomenological Description ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
First Person ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Satisfactory Account ◽  
Self Knowledge

Abstract Do we appear to ourselves in a specific way that requires a phenomenological description? Do we need a phenomenology of self-knowledge? Another way to raise this question about the legitimacy of a phenomenological approach to the Self is to ask whether a philosophical analysis of the linguistic use of the personal pronouns is able to provide a satisfactory account of self-knowledge. Does the linguistic turn make phenomenology superfluous? Discussing the respective merits of the linguistic and phenomenological approaches to the concept of the Self through a crossed analysis of Sartre, Ricoeur, and Descombes, this paper stresses the complementarity between a phenomenological approach that focuses on the way we appear to ourselves and a linguistic analysis of the first-person pronoun. It claims that this relation of complementarity makes both approaches necessary to put forward the paradoxes of self-knowledge.

scholarly journals Citra Diri Pada Perempuan Berhijab Pengguna Rokok Elektrik

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Mutia Mawardah ◽  
Imam Budi Darma
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Self ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Family Condition

Abstract : This study aims to look at the self-image of female adolescents wearing e-cigarette wearing hijab. What factors affect the self-image of women who use e-cigarette wearing hijab, as well as how the self-image of women wearing e-cigarette wearing hijabs. This study uses a qualitative research design and uses a phenomenological approach to be able to see the self-image of women who use e-cigarettes. In this study, researchers used 6 sources. 2 people as research subjects, 2 people as the perpetrator informant and 2 informants know of each subject. The results of this study found that the self-image of the e-cigarette wearing hijab woman who has a self-image that is not much different. The first subject has four self-images, while the second subject also has four self-images from four self-image images. Each description that is owned by the subject is also based on several factors, namely physical condition, family condition, seeking attention, depending on smoking and expectations.   Keywords: Self Image, Electric Cigarette, Female Wearing Hijab   Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui citra diri remaja perempuan berhijab pengguna aktif rokok elektrik. Faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi citra diri perempuan berhijab pengguna rokok elektrik, serta bagaimana gambaran citra diri perempuan berhijab pengguna rokok elektrik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif serta menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi untuk dapat mengetahui citra diri perempuan berhijab pengguna rokok elektrik. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan 6 sumber. 2 orang sebagai subjek penelitian, 2 orang sebagai informan pelaku dan 2 orang informan tahu dari masing-masing subjek. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa citra diri perempuan berhijab pengguna rokok elektrik memiliki citra diri yang tidak jauh berbeda. Subjek pertama memiliki empat citra diri, sementara subjek kedua juga memiliki empat citra diri dari empat gambaran citra diri. Setiap gambaran yang dimiliki oleh subjek juga dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu keadaan fisik, teman sebaya dan kelompok, keadaan keluarga, mencari perhatian, ketergantungan merokok dan harapan.   Kata kunci: Citra Diri, Rokok Elektrik, Wanita Berhijab  

Paradoxes of the self: the autobiographical construction of the subject in the Italian Communist Party and in Italian neo-feminism

Modern Italy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Walter Stefano Baroni
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Political ◽  
First Person ◽  
World War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World

This article compares the autobiographical practices used by the Partito Comunista Italiano (PCI) in the aftermath of the Second World War with those developed by Italian neo-feminism from the late 1960s onwards. The former involved a repeated injunction for activists to write about and express themselves upon joining the party, in what amounted to self-criticism. The latter, meanwhile, took shape as a result of self-consciousness exercises practised by feminist groups in various cities across Italy. The terms of comparison of this article aim to describe what changed and what remained the same in the technologies used to produce the political self within the Italian Left in the twentieth century, beginning from its split in the 1960s. In this context, the paper reveals that the communist and feminist experiences were supported by the same discursive mechanism, which hinged on a paradoxical enunciation of the self. Communist activists and feminists thus faced the same difficulty in political self-expression, which was resolved in two different ways, both equally unsatisfactory. In conclusion, examining the communist autobiographical injunction allows a radical critical reappraisal of the idea that the use of the first person and the political affirmation of subjectivity are determining features exclusively bound to the feminist experience.

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