Continuing Ethnic Segmentation in Austria

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRENA KOGAN
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
World War ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Migrant Groups ◽  
Labour Migrant

Austria has fairly complex patterns of post-World War II immigration. In addition to classic labour migrants from Turkey and the former Yugoslavia, there have been considerable inflows of refugees and displaced persons, such as Hungarians or Czechs migrating to Austria from communist countries as well as more recent refugee groups from the Middle East and Africa. The second generation of labour migrant groups have made considerable progress in education compared with the first generation, but, unlike the other two groups, still lag some way behind their native Austrian counterparts. They also continue to experience considerable ethnic penalties in the labour market, especially in access to the salariat. These penalties may be due partly to discrimination but also to the fact that people who do not hold Austrian citizenship are excluded from public sector (‘Beamte’) jobs, many of which are in the salariat.

Educational Hurdles on the Way to Structural Assimilation in Germany

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
KALTER FRANK ◽  
NADIA GRANATO
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Ethnic Stratification ◽  
Migrant Groups ◽  
Reduced Scale ◽  
Labour Migrant

There are five major groups of classic ‘labour migrants’ in Germany: Greeks, Italians, (ex-)Yugoslavs, Turks, and Iberians, with the Turks being the largest single group. Today, there are significant numbers of second-generation men and women from these origins in the German labour market. More recently, they have been joined by a more diverse group of migrants from Western Europe, Eastern Europe, the (middle) East, and Africa. In the first generation, the labour-migrant groups had relatively low levels of education, leading to marked ethnic stratification within the labour market. This stratification continues in the second generation although on a reduced scale. While the second generation has acquired higher levels of education than the first, they still lag some way (the Turks especially so) behind native Germans in their education. Ethnic penalties in the labour market itself are also much reduced in the second generation, although significant penalties remain for Turks. However, most of the continuing ethnic stratification is due to processes that operate prior to entry into the labour market.

‘The problem of validity in field studies of psychological disorders’revisited

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce P. Dohrenwend
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
World War ◽  
Case Identification ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
First And Second Generation

SYNOPSISSince the turn of the century and up to about 1980, there have been two generations of epidemiological studies of the true prevalence of psychiatric disorders: a pre-World War II first generation and a post-World War II second generation. With the appearance of DSM-III in 1980 and the changes in epidemiological proceducres coincident with it, it has become meaningful in the US to talk about the beginnings of a new, third generation or studies in psychiatric epidemiology. The purposes of this paper are: first, to briefly summarize the problems of validity with the procedures for case identification and diagnosis in the first-and second-generation studies; second, to consider some of the newer developments with regard to diagnostic instruments that either are or should be influencing third-generation studies; third, to discuss some of the problems of validity in the handful of third-generation studies done so far; and fourth, to describe and illustrate an approach that seems to make sense in the context of gaps in knowledge of aetiology and pathogenesis that leave us still dependent on interviews for case identification and classification.

scholarly journals A cerimônia do chá como fator de identidade cultural para imigrantes japoneses e seus descendentes no Brasil

1969 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Cristina Moreira da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Art ◽  
Brazilian History ◽  
Brazilian Culture ◽  
Tea Ceremony

This article makes use of a traditional Japanese art, tea ceremony, to examine the attitudes of immigrants who have to face cultural assimilation. In order to do that the author draws a parallel between Brazilian history after World War II and the behavior of immigrants and their descendants since then. Issei (first generation) and (second generation) led different ways since the end of the war. Enjoying a more economically stable situation, and having nowhere to go back to (since Japan had lost the war), the issei went back to their roots and started learning tea ceremony. On the other hand, the nissei needed to assimilate the Brazilian culture if they were to ascend economically and socially. However, since the 80’s Japan has played a central role in the world’s economy and politics. Therefore, there is a new interest in its traditional culture. The research revealed that, presently, not only are nissei and sansei (third generation) willing to learn tea ceremony, but also Brazilians who are non-Japanese descendants.

scholarly journals Eesti keelekogukonna säilimisest Taanis

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Maarika Teral ◽  
Mari Allik
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
World War ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Estonian Language ◽  
First And Second Generation

This article focuses on the use of the Estonian language by the first and second generation of Estonians, living in Denmark. The first generation of Estonians came to Denmark as a consequence of World War II, in 1944. This group of Estonians is defined in this study as the first generation. The second generation are the children of the first generation, born already in Denmark. First generation Estonians living in Denmark have preserved their mother tongue, however number of second generation Danish Estonians still speaking Estonian is very small. Carol Myers-Scotton discussed some specific factors that seem to influence language maintenance and shift (2006). She grouped the factors into three categories: the societal-level factors; the ingroup factors; and individual views and aspirations. Our analysis will be based on the factors contributing to the preserving of the L1 presented by Carol Myers-Scotton.

An ‘Age of Commerce’ in Southeast Asian History

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Reid
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Economic History ◽  
External Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Asian History

Since the end of World War II the study of Southeast Asia has changed unrecognizably. The often bitter end of colonialism caused a sharp break with older scholarly traditions, and their tendency to see Southeast Asia as a receptacle for external influences—first Indian, Persian, Islamic or Chinese, later European. The greatest gain over the past forty years has probably been a much increased sensitivity to the cultural distinctiveness of Southeast Asia both as a whole and in its parts. If there has been a loss, on the other hand, it has been the failure of economic history to advance beyond the work of the generation of Furnivall, van Leur, Schrieke and Boeke. Perhaps because economic factors were difficult to disentangle from external factors they were seen by very few Southeast Asianists as the major challenge.

The Other Price of Hitler's War: German Military and Civilian Losses Resulting from World War II

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Holger H. Herwig ◽  
Martin K. Sorge
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War

“These Guys Came Out Looking Like Movie Actors”

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-576
Author(s):  
Mina Roces
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
The United States ◽  
Manual Labor ◽  
World War ◽  
Marginal Group ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Agricultural Laborer

This article analyzes the dress and consumption practices of the first generation of Filipino male migrants to the United States who arrived from 1906 until the end of World War II. It argues that Filipino migrant men used dress and consumption practices to fashion new identities that rejected their working selves as a lower-class marginal group. The contrast between the utilitarian clothes worn during working hours and the formal suit accentuated the sartorial transformation from lower-class agricultural laborer or Alaskan cannery worker to fashionable dandy and temporarily erased the stigma of manual labor. Two groups of well-dressed Filipino men behaved in contradictory ways: as binge consumers and as anti-consumers. Collectively, Filipino consumption practices that included dress challenged the parameters of social exclusion.

After World War II

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Transnational History ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Demographic Patterns

This chapter considers three impulses of the post-World War II era. Two of them deal with the economy, bracketing its course from an inspiration flowing out of the war through an ideological and policy retake a generation later. The other impulse covers one of the major developments of American, not to mention transnational, history—the civil rights revolution of those times. In the three impulses detailed here, economic planning devices, energy supply, the cities, travel, infrastructure, the tax code, industrial structure, the workplace, immigration, demographic patterns, the electorate, rights standards, and relations among the races, gained lasting imprints from U.S. government participation, among others.

scholarly journals A history of the city written in a map – cartography as the mirror of socio-political events in Gdańsk in the years of 1918–1939

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bień
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Political Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> A cartographic map of Gdańsk in the years of 1918&amp;ndash;1939 was very different from the other maps of Polish cities. The reasons for some differences were, among others, the proximity of the sea, the multicultural mindset of the inhabitants of Gdańsk from that period, and some historical events in the interwar period (the founding of the Free City of Gdańsk and the events preceding World War II). Its uniqueness came from the fact that the city of Gdańsk combined the styles of Prussian and Polish housing, as well as form the fact that its inhabitants felt the need for autonomy from the Second Polish Republic. The city aspired to be politically, socially and economically independent.</p><p>The aim of my presentation is to analyze the cartographic maps of Gdańsk, including the changes that had been made in the years of 1918&amp;ndash;1939. I will also comment on the reasons of those changes, on their socio-historical effects on the city, the whole country and Europe.</p>

scholarly journals Genre, Computation, and the Varieties of Twentieth-Century U.S. Fiction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wilkens
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Contemporary Fiction ◽  
World War ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Textual Content

Is "literary fiction" a useful genre label in the post-World War II United States? In some sense, the answer is obviously yes; there are sections marked "literary fiction" on Amazon, in bookstores, and on Goodreads, all of which contain many postwar and contemporary titles. Much of what is taught in contemporary fiction classes also falls under the heading of literary fiction, even if that label isn't always used explicitly. On the other hand, literary fiction, if it hangs together at all, may be defined as much by its (or its consumers') resistance to genre as by its positive textual content. That is, where conventional genres like the detective story or the erotic romance are recognizable by the presence of certain character types, plot events, and narrative styles, it is difficult to find any broadly agreeable set of such features by which literary fiction might be consistently identified.

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