The Challenges of China and the International Economy

China–India ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Western China ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
The Face ◽  
Made In China

This paper examines the role of China in the international economy and the changing relationship between the two. China is currently undergoing a transition from investment and export-led growth to an economy more based on consumption expenditure. This involves a major readjustment of the domestic economy and its international relationships. Foreign direct investment which has been a key stimulus to growth and to exports is now being diverted to serving the domestic consumer and is also being encouraged to relocate from the coast regions to Western China. These strategies imply a shift from “made in China” to “created in China” which involves a move from cheap labour intensive production to higher value activities. This must be conducted in the face of a relative slow down in Chinese growth and the effort to correct the imbalances such as income distribution and coastal/inland inequalities. Current turbulence in the global economy notably the Eurozone exacerbates policy difficulties.

Economic Actors' Lobbying Influence on the Prospects for War and Peace

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government

AbstractPolitical scientists and economists have long been interested in the role of special interests in the policymaking process. In the past few years, a series of important new books have argued forcefully that the lobbying activities of economic actors have an important influence on the prospects for war and peace. All of these analyses claim that whether economic actors enhance or decrease the likelihood of conflict ultimately depends on the domestic political balance between economic actors who have a strong vested interest in pushing for peace versus those that do not. I advance two contrary arguments. At least among the advanced states, I posit there are no longer any economic actors who will be favorable toward war and who will lobby the government with this preference. All of the identified mechanisms that previously contributed to such lobbying in these states have been swept away with the end of colonialism and the rise of economic globalization. In particular, I show that the current structure of the global economy now makes it feasible for foreign direct investment to serve as an effective substitute for conquest in a way that was not possible in previous eras. My second argument concerns those economic actors in advanced states with a preference for peace. I posit that it has become unnecessary for them to directly lobby the government to avoid war on economic grounds because economic globalization—the accumulation of decisions by economic actors throughout the globe—now has sufficiently clear economic incentives for leaders.

The impact of foreign direct investment on trade in Pakistan: the moderating role of terrorism

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1137-1154
Author(s):  
Syed Hasanat Shah ◽  
Hafsa Hasnat ◽  
Delpachitra Sarath
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Face ◽  
External Sector ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moment ◽  
The Impact

PurposePakistan suffered with the menace of terrorism for long and become a front line state in the “War on Terror”. Terrorism shattered Pakistan economy and rendered her external sector vulnerable to instability and uncertainties.Design/methodology/approachTherefore, using system generalized method of moment (GMM), this paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on exports, imports and trade deficit in the face of unabated terrorism in Pakistan.FindingsThe findings of the paper suggest that as terrorism in Pakistan increased, FDI contribution to Pakistan exports decreased while FDI contribution to Pakistan imports significantly increased. Terrorism also disrupted the chain of local production and increased Pakistan reliance on imports. Thus terrorism widened Pakistan trade deficit of Pakistan and expose Pakistan to external imbalances.Originality/valueDespite rise in organized acts of terrorism and its adverse impact on various departments of economy, hardly any study bothers to check its impact on trade and investment nexus. This is the first study of its nature that looks deep down to understand how terrorism affects the relation of major economic variables.

Functioning of enterprises in the global economy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Kaledin ◽  
Marina Motorina
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Market ◽  
International Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
National Economies

In the modern economic system, there is a continuous acceleration of the integration processes that lead to the formation of a unified global economic system. The international economy can no longer be described as a community of sufficiently independent and even largely self-sufficient national economies. Accordingly, the concept of internationalization can no longer be used to describe contemporary international relations, which traditionally presupposes, above all, the prevailing role of international trade, manifested in the mass entry of national companies into the world market. At present, the processes of unification and interdependence affect not so much trade as the universal interrelationships of the countries of the world. В современной экономической системе происходит непрерывное ускорение объединительных процессов, вызывающих формирование единой глобальной мирохозяйственной системы. Международная экономика уже не может быть охарактеризована как сообщество достаточно независимых и даже во многом самодостаточных национальных экономик. Соответственно, для описания современных международных отношений уже не может использоваться понятие интернационализации, традиционно предполагающее, прежде всего, превалирующую роль международной торговли, проявляющуюся в массовости выхода национальных компаний на мировой рынок. В настоящее время процессы объединения и установления взаимозависимостей затрагивают не столько торговые, сколько всеобщие взаимосвязи стран мира.

China–India

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
World Politics ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
China And India ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
Agrarian Societies

China and India, the world’s most populous countries, have rapidly developing economies that are shaping world politics in the 21st century. They are often compared in terms of lagged outcomes and contrasted trajectories. The present volume aims to examine more closely their commonalities as well as differences. In sections covering domestic economy, international economy, demography, migration and labour, and the environment, paired chapters examine each country. Probing behind the obvious contrasts, the essays disclose important ways in which the two countries are alike in facing the problems produced in large, formerly agrarian societies by rapid economic development and interaction with the global economy.

scholarly journals Food for All: Setting the Scene

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-60
Author(s):  
Uma Lele ◽  
Sambuddha Goswami
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Dietary Transition ◽  
The Face

Setting the scene, this chapter identifies key recent international agreements germane to the book’s subject matter—namely, Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Accord—against which the role of structural transformation and the five key international organizations concerned with food and agriculture are reviewed. Transformation of food and agriculture is occurring in the face of growing trade uncertainties, demographic transition, rapid urbanization, dietary transition, and growing horizontal (cross-sectoral) and vertical (from farm-to-fork) integration. Meanwhile, conflict has caused the largest displacement of humans since the Second World War. Forced migration arising from humanitarian disasters is making unprecedented demands on food and financial assistance. Economists traditionally have viewed structural transformation from agriculture to manufacturing as pivotal for developing countries, but it has become increasingly difficult for lagging countries. Other transformations are also reshaping the global economy, including financial transformation (a shift from traditional North–South global savings and investment pattern to South–North), and energy transformation (shift from fossil fuels to renewables). Concurrently, the food and agricultural sectors are confronting new paradigms—such as environmentally sustainable food production and shifting focus in agriculture from individual energy (calorie) supply to nutritious, healthful foods, leading to a life-cycle approach to diets—which are influencing how the international development community views structural transformation and the role of agriculture. This chapter sets the stage for inquiries into food, transformations, international organizations and their interactions, and implications for a better outcome: nutritious food for all that is environmentally sustainable.

China and International Business

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Child
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Host Environment ◽  
Active Player ◽  
Business Analysis ◽  
New Challenges

This article discusses China's growing role in international business. It begins by describing developments in the country's inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) and the forms adopted for such investment. China is both a host environment and active player in the international economy which has become both hugely significant, and which poses new challenges for international business analysis. It continues by considering the kind of environment that China presents for international business, one in which the state continues to be closely involved. The last section turns to the implications China has for international business analysis, concerning the role of national institutions, the strategies available to foreign investing firms for coping with environmental complexity, and issues posed by its patterns of outward FDI.

scholarly journals Ensuring Sustainable Development of Aquaculture by Enhancing the Natural Immunity of Fish

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 07015
Author(s):  
Tatiana Bikezina ◽  
Xiangli Dong ◽  
Evgeny Istomin ◽  
Yaroslav Petrov ◽  
Mikhail Shilin
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Face ◽  
Environmentally Safe

One of the main tasks in the coming years will be the development and introduction of vaccines for the development of immunity against intracellular bacterial and viral pathogens. DNA vaccines will play an important role in such cases. With the emergence of intensive industrial fish farms, there were also problems associated with infectious diseases of cultivated objects. These diseases cause significant harm to fisheries and the aquaculture sector of the global economy as a whole. The article shows the way of the development of the environmentally safe and sustainable marine and freshwater aquaculture with using Pisces vaccination, and reveals the role of Pisces aquaculture as an integral part of the world economy, in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressure on aquatic ecosystems and of distribution of new dangerous Pisces infections. Perspective types of Pisces vaccines are presented and discussed. The effectiveness of different types of elaborated vaccines is discussed.

The Role of Technological Change in the Long-run Global Economy Forecasting

2013 ◽  
pp. 97-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Apokin
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
National Economies

The author compares several quantitative and qualitative approaches to forecasting to find appropriate methods to incorporate technological change in long-range forecasts of the world economy. A?number of long-run forecasts (with horizons over 10 years) for the world economy and national economies is reviewed to outline advantages and drawbacks for different ways to account for technological change. Various approaches based on their sensitivity to data quality and robustness to model misspecifications are compared and recommendations are offered on the choice of appropriate technique in long-run forecasts of the world economy in the presence of technological change.

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