Phytochemical profiling, body weight effect and anti-hypercholesterolemia potentials of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf extracts in male albino rat

In this study the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Mikania cordata and Litsea monopetala was evaluated. Diarrhea was induced in mice by oral administration of castor oil (0.5 mL) 30 min after the administration of the extracts. During a 4 hour study the number of diarrheal feces and percentage inhibition of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was determined. Loperamide (3 mg/kg body weight) served as standard and belonged to the positive control group. The extracts exhibited potent antidiarrheal activity as well as achieved statistically significant p value (p<0.01 and p<0.05) compared to control group. Among the extracts the highest percentage inhibition of defecation (60%) was recorded for leaf extract (400 mg/kg body weight) of L. monopetala. So, the study corroborates the significant antidiarrheal activity of M. cordata and L. monopetala leaf extracts and raises the demand of further sophisticated investigation.

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Reproductive Effects of Hydromethanolic Leaf Extracts of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Euphorbiacea) in Streptozotocin Induced-diabetic Rats

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2018/35367 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Weleh, Ikechukwu Iyke ◽

I. Green, Kinikanwo ◽

Njoku, Bestman ◽

Oriji, Vadunume Kingsley

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Rats ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Reproductive Effects ◽

Cnidoscolus Aconitifolius

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Evaluation of abortifacient efficacy of Rumex steudelli (Tult) root traditionally used medicinal plant in South West Ethiopia

The Journal of Phytopharmacology ◽

10.31254/phyto.2015.4406 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 221-223

Author(s):

Alemu Tadesse Feroche ◽

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Albino Rat ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Plant Medicine ◽

South West ◽

Implantation Sites ◽

South West Ethiopia ◽

Western Ethiopia

The practice of traditional medicine for the control of fertility in most part of South Western Ethiopia is based on the uses of plant medicine for many years. The present study was carried out in female albino rat to explore the abortifacient activity of the Rumex steudelli roots. Pregnant rats weighing 140- 200 g were randomized into 7 groups. Rats were laprotomised on 10th day of pregnancy and the two horns of uteri were examined to determine the implantation sites. The administration of 400 mg/kg body weight of the aqueous extract of Rumex steudelli resulted in 95% abortion. The 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight alcoholic extract showed 100% fetus abortion. The phytochemical screening of the roots of Rumex steudelli revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, steroids, tannins and saponins.

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Application of Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. Reduce Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Interleukin-1β in Sprague Dawley Mice Suffering from Mastitis

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2020.4363 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (A) ◽

pp. 423-427

Author(s):

Prihantono Prihantono ◽

Salman Ardi Syamsu ◽

Nilam Smaradhania ◽

Mardiana Ahmad ◽

Nurul Aini Siagian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Positive Control ◽

Mean Value ◽

Negative Control ◽

Interleukin 1Β ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

The Mean

BACKGROUND: Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue, usually caused by bacteria. Mastitis stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines. The cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a crucial mediator of the inflammatory response. This cytokine has adverse effects of hosting immunity that mediates resistance to pathogens and also exacerbates damage during chronic disease and acute tissue injury. Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. has been used as an ethnomedicine for healing sores in several provinces in Indonesia. AIM: This study aimed to assess the profile of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β through the treatment effect of leaf extracts of S. taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. as adjuvant for healing mastitis. METHODS: This study was a true control group experiment using the pre-test-post-test control design aimed to measure the effect of hydroalcoholic compounds in leaf extracts of S. taccada on the systemic pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The treated animals were 18 mice of Sprague Dawley strain induced by Staphylococcus aureus. These treated mice were divided into three groups in which each group consisted of six mice. The mice in the Group I (negative control) were given 1 ml aquabides/250 g body weight, those in the Group II (positive control) were delivered with 9.6 mg/ml amoxicillin/250 g body weight, and those in the Group III (experimental) were given 9.6 mg amoxicillin/250 g body weight + 400 mg/ml leaf extracts of S. taccada/g body weight for 5 days, respectively. Pathological examinations were carried out from the inflamed tissues to prove the healing process of the treated mice. IL-1Β levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc tests. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences of IL-1β levels after the administration of leaf extracts of S. taccada among all the treated mice groups at p < 0.05. The Group III had the lowest IL-1β level with the mean value ± 1.45 pg/ml compared to the IL-1β level in the Group II (positive control) with the mean value ± 3.82 pg/ml and the IL-1β level in the Group I (negative control) with the with mean value ± 5.22 pg/ml. The pathological analysis of breast tissues of the treated mice proved that leaf extracts of S. taccada (Gaertn Roxb.) could reduce damaged tissues, cellular infiltration, and subcutaneous edema induced by this pathogenic microorganism. CONCLUSION: Leaf extracts of S. taccada had a significant function as adjuvant for healing mastitis by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β.

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In vitro and in vivo Activities of Psidium guajava and Azadirachta indica Leaf Extracts and solvent Fractions against Salmonella Typhi

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2021/v32i730405 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 56-71

Author(s):

Adetutu Adewale ◽

Olaniyi Deborah Temitope ◽

Awodugba Tamilore ◽

Owoade Abiodun Olusoji ◽

Olaniyan, Lamidi Waheed B. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Male Rats ◽

Carrier Status ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Salmonella Infections ◽

Neem Leaves

Typhoidal salmonella infections remain a challenge in the health care system in sub-Saharan Africa. Carrier status and advent of multi-drug resistant S. Typhi strains have necessitated the search for new drug leads. Hence, this study aims at investigating P. guajava and A. indica leaves for anti-salmonella activities. Guava and neem leaves were extracted by maceration in methanol and fractionated by solvent partitioning. In vitro activities were assessed by agar well diffusion and broth micro-dilution methods. Sixty male rats were randomized to 10 groups of 6 animals each for the in vivo experiments. Groups of rats except, normal control, were induced with 0.5McFarland of S. Typhi suspension orally. Treatment groups received 200 mg/kg body weight of extracts and fractions, and the control groups were treated with 14.29mg/kg body weight of ciprofloxacin and 1%v/v DMSO for 7 days post-infection. Biochemical parameters were determined spectrophotometrically. Hematological parameters were analyzed with automated hematology diagnostic machine. All fractions of P. guajava and three of A. indica inhibited S. Typhi growth with Zone of Inhibition (ZI) ranging from 11-15 mm. Active fractions inhibited 48.60-62.45% of S. Typhi biofilm formation at 25 mg/mL with Minimum Bactericidal Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC) of 0.39-12.5 mg/mL. All fractions improved body weight of treated rats and inhibited bacteremia at 44.75 and 95.94%. Hematological parameters improved in all fractions-treated rats. MDA was not significantly (p<0.05) altered in all groups. One fraction of P. guajava (ePg) lowered the elevated level in concentration of Nitric oxide (NO) while all fractions enhanced the lowered activity of SOD. Elevated (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin (BIL) were lowered by all fractions to various extents in treated rats. Fractions of P. guajava, and A. indica could be further considered for identification of active anti-salmonella principle(s).

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Effect of Clomiphene Citrate and Letrozole on Body Weight of female Albino Rat for Consecutive 1-4 Estrous Cycles

10.53350/pjmhs2115112938 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 2938-2941

Author(s):

Fauzia Qureshi ◽

Syeda Rizwana Jafri ◽

Hafiza Sadia Ahmad ◽

Uzma Waseem ◽

Ursula Akif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Estrous Cycle ◽

Ovulation Induction ◽

Clomiphene Citrate ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Albino Rat ◽

Estrous Cycles ◽

Experimental Group

Background: Ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate in women with infertility has been practiced more than 40% years but in infertile patients this treatment plan proved to be ineffective with multiple complication. Body weight plays an important role modulating reproductive development and functioning. Aim: To observe the effects on body weight of female albino rat after use of clomiphene citrate and letrozole for consecutive 1-4 estrous cycles Method: Eighty four adult female Albino rats were equally divided into three groups for this research. Body weight of each rat was measured before and after the experiment. Vaginal smear cytology of each rat was performed to study different phases of estrous cycle. Control group A was given normal saline orally , In Experimental group B rats were given letrozole (Femara) at dose 5mg/kg orally and in Experimental group C rats were given clomiphene citrate at dose 100ug/kg orally. Results: Significant weight gain is observed in rats taking clomiphene citrate as compared to letrozole Conclusion : Comiphene citrate directly affects the body weight which indirectly reduces the ovulation induction and pregnancy rate. Letrozole is good alternate for ovulation induction and for CC resistant patients. Keywords: Estrous cycle, body weight, citrate and letrozole

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Hepatoprotective Activity and Nephroprotective Activity of Peel Extract from Three Varieties of the Passion Fruit (Passiflora Sp.) in the Albino Rat

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 536-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nerdy Nerdy ◽

Kiking Ritarwan

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Positive Control ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Albino Rat ◽

Nephroprotective Activity ◽

Purple Passion Fruit ◽

Peel Extract ◽

Yellow Passion Fruit

BACKGROUND: The Passion Fruit (Passiflora sp.) that grows in the Indonesian region generally has three varieties, namely purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.), red passion fruit (Passiflora ligularis Juss.), and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora verrucifera Lindl.). The passion fruit peel is an economic waste that has not been utilised optimally, but has many efficacious phytochemical contents. AIM: The objectives of this research are to examine scientifically hepatoprotective activity (with paracetamol-induced hepatotoxic) and nephroprotective activity (with gentamicin-induced nephrotoxic) from three varieties of the passion fruit (purple passion fruit peel extract, red passion fruit peel extract and yellow passion fruit peel extract) in the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus). METHODS: Three varieties of passion fruit peels were extracted by maceration method. The experimental animals used were the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus). Hepatoprotective activity was done by the liver biochemical (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase) analysis with paracetamol (hepatotoxic compound) induced after 10 days of treatment with extract. Nephroprotective activity was done by the kidney biochemical (urea and creatinine) analysis with gentamicin (nephrotoxic compound) induced after 10 days of treatment with extract. RESULTS: The hepatoprotective activity for positive control was similar to the 250 mg of purple passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, 250 mg of red passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, and 500 mg of yellow passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight. The nephroprotective activity for positive control (50 mg of silymarin per kg of body weight) was similar to the 250 mg of purple passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, 500 mg of red passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, and 500 mg of yellow passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight. CONCLUSIONS: The extracts were shown hepatoprotective activity and nephroprotective activity with a dose-dependent activity. The hepatoprotective activity and nephroprotective activity of purple passion fruit peel extract were the best compared to red passion fruit peel extract and yellow passion fruit peel extract.

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