scholarly journals EVAPOTRANSPIRATION SOYBEAN: COMPARISON BETWEEN EDDY COVARIANCE METHOD AND THE ESTIMATE OF CROPGRO-SOYBEAN MODEL

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Evandro Chaves de Oliveira ◽  
Waylson Zancanella Quartezani ◽  
Leonardo De Oliveira Neves ◽  
Leonardo José Gonçalves Aguiar ◽  
Graciela Redies Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Eddy Covariance Method ◽  
Surface Flows ◽  
No Till ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Using Data

The performance of CROPGRO - Soybean model for soybean evapotranspiration simulation was assessed using data derived from field experiments using eddy covariance method conducted by Network Sulflux (Brazilian South Network Surface Flows and Climate Change ) Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul State - Brazil , (28° 36' S, 53° 40' W and altitude 409 m), in the agricultural year 2009/2010. The results indicate that the model overestimates evapotranspiration throughout the crop cycle, probably it does not represent realistically the crop residues, indicating a need for adjustments in water balance parameters in the soil in no-till system.

Spectral responses of soybean leaflets crops to different water conditions and tillage systems

Agrometeoros ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Silva de Almeida ◽  
Denise Cybis Fontana ◽  
Homero Bergamaschi
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Spectral Responses

The state of Rio Grande do Sul is one of the greatest Brazilian soybean producers, which justifies the use of remote sensing techniques for monitoring areas occupied by this crop. The purpose of this work was to characterize throughout the crop cycle the variability of spectral responses of soybean leaflets, subjected to different conditions of soil tillage and water supply. The experiment was carried out in a 0.5 ha area, located in Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil, in two systems of soil tillage (no-tillage and conventional tillage) and two levels of water supply (irrigated and non-irrigated). The cultivar Fepagro RS-10 was sown in a row spacing of 0.40 m and in a population of 400,000 plants per hectare. An integrating sphere of a spectroradiometer LI-COR, model LI-1800 was used for measuring the absorbance, reflectance, transmittance on soybean leaflets. The results showed that the pattern of the incident radiation partitioning in the reflectance, transmittance and absorbance components is influenced by the crop phenological stage and by the tillage system. Despite this, there is stability on the reflectance of soybean leaflets in the red and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, throughout the crop cycle. The inversely proportional relation between absorbance and reflectance of soybean leaflets revealed viability on the reflectance data, in monitoring of agricultural crops.

scholarly journals NDVI e fluxo de CO2 em lavoura de soja no Rio Grande do Sul

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso Pinheiro Rodrigues ◽  
Denise Cybis Fontana ◽  
Osvaldo Luiz Leal de Moraes ◽  
Débora Regina Roberti
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul

O aumento das emissões dos gases de efeito estufa (GEE) se configura, atualmente, como um dos principais problemas ambientais, o que pode afetar significativamente as atividades humanas e os ecossistemas terrestres. Um dos principais GEE é o CO2, o qual tem sido emitido indiscriminadamente em função do estilo de vida atual, assim como pela intensificação das atividades agrícolas. Neste contexto, o objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar a relação entre o comportamento espectral da cultura de soja ao longo de seu ciclo de desenvolvimento, utilizando imagens NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) e o fluxo de CO2, calculado pelo método de covariância de vórtices (eddy covariance), gerando informações e metodologia para investigar as trocas de carbono em uma área de cultivo de soja no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, durante a safra de 2008/2009. Utilizou-se imagens TM do satélite Landsat 5, dados fenológicos e dados coletados em estação micrometeorológica ao longo do ciclo de desenvolvimento da soja. Os resultados mostraram que o padrão temporal do fluxo de CO2 ao longo do dia é cíclico, sendo que no período diurno apresenta valores negativos (captura) e no período noturno, positivos (liberação). A radiação solar global determina a magnitude do aprisionamento de CO2 pela cultura da soja, mas o fluxo é modulado pelo estádio fenológico da cultura. A atividade fotossintética das plantas de soja é maior durante o estádio vegetativo, quando coincide a maior incidência de radiação solar e o maior aparato fotossintético. O NDVI, obtido de imagens Landsat, é um indicador da evolução da biomassa da soja ao longo do ciclo. Existe correlação entre o NDVI e o fluxo negativo de CO2 (captura), ocorridos no período diurno. Portanto, técnicas de sensoriamento remoto demonstram potencialidade na geração de informações úteis sobre as trocas de CO2 entre a superfície e a atmosfera.

scholarly journals ONION GENOTYPE SKILLS IN DIFFERENT PLANTING SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Gabriel Mascarenhas Maciel ◽  
Guilherme Repeza Marquez ◽  
Ariel Santivañez Aguilar ◽  
Igor Forigo Beloti ◽  
Igor Matheus Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
No Till ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Agronomic Potential ◽  
Planting System

Currently, planting onion through seedling production is predominant in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the agronomic potential of new onion genotypes as a function of the planting system for this region. Eleven genotypes were evaluated, as follows: “commercial genotypes” Bola Precoce, Mulata, Sprint, Suprema and “pre-commercial genotypes” TE 201, TE 209, TE 216, TE 230, TE 242, TE 316 and TE 329, submitted to four planting systems: seedling production, seedling production with leaf pruning before transplanting, no-tillage manually planted at the definitive site and seedling production in trays. Treatments were arranged in an 11 x 4 factorial scheme (eleven genotypes and four planting systems). Although little practiced, the no-till system for onion cultivation for the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul can potentially be explored. Genotypes that best adapted to this system were: Bola Precoce, Suprema, Sprint, Mulata and TE 201. Comparatively, “commercial” genotypes showed an increase of 10.81 t ha-1 in relation to “pre-commercial” genotypes in the no-till system, proving the efficiency of this system.

scholarly journals Distribution of eggs, larvae and adults of Sternechus subsignatus Boheman on soybean plants in no-till system

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro T. B. Silva ◽  
Nelson Neto ◽  
Clara B. Hoffmann-Campo
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
No Till ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Upper Third ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merrill] commercial fields, maintained under a no-till system, were sampled during the crop seasons 1990/91 and 1996/97, in Cruz Alta and Júlio de Castilhos, Rio Grande do Sul State, to determine the distribution of eggs, larvae and adults of Sternechus subsignatus Boheman (Coleoptera : Curculionidae). Soybean plants and soil were examined at different time schedules. Eggs and larvae were recorded in main stems, lateral branches and leaf petioles, divided into the upper third, medium and lower third of soybean plants. Eggs (87%), and larvae (79%) were mainly observed in the main stem and in the medium plant sections (87% and 78%, respectively). Larval movement was not observed because larvae remained inside the galls, in the same area where the eggs were laid. Adults were located in different places depending on the sampling time. At night, adults were observed to move to the upper third of the plant and, during the day, down to the lower third of the plant and to the soil. The insects are normally concealed during their pre- and post- embryonic stage throughout most of the day.

scholarly journals Fatores associados ao baixo peso ao nascer em crianças do Rio Grande do Sul

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e43
Author(s):  
Angelica Peripolli ◽  
Anaelena Bragança de Moraes ◽  
Luciane Flores Jacobi ◽  
Roselaine Ruviaro Zanini
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Using Data

In this study were identified and quantified the risk factors associated to live births with low birth weight in Rio Grande do Sul, in 2011 using data from the Information System on Live Births. The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) was 8.1%. By adjusting logistic regression, two models were proposed. For the first one, the predictors significant risk variables at 5% were: mothers aged 35 or more; nulliparous; with elementary school II or high school; legally separated or divorced; mothers who did not receive prenatal care; birth that occurred outside the hospital; prematurity; female and who had congenital anomaly. The protective effects variables were teenage mothers and who did not work outside the home. The type of delivery was included in the second model proposed, which was more appropriate to estimate the probability of a live birth born underweight. It was possible to conclude that it is important to consider effective actions to vulnerable groups aiming to reduce LBW rates, examining the strong association with infant mortality rates.

scholarly journals Do Weeds From Seeds or Regrowth in Coexistence Periods Alter Biochemical and Yield Characteristics of Soybeans?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Rockenbach ◽  
Mauro Antônio Rizzardi ◽  
Adriana Favaretto ◽  
Theodoro Schneider ◽  
Andréa Michel Sobottka
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Volunteer Corn ◽  
Seed Yields

The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soybean secondary metabolism and soybean yield components when subjected to coexistence periods with volunteer corn and established horseweed (Conyza spp.) regrowth. Two field experiments were conducted in the agricultural years 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at Passo Fundo University, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Experiment I was conducted in the agricultural year 2015/2016 in order to establish periods of coexistence between soybean and corn. The treatments consisted of two soybean densities in the main plots (175,000 and 350,000 plants ha-1) and different periods of coexistence between soybean and corn in the subplots. Experiment II was conducted in the agricultural year of 2016/2017 in order to investigate the interference of regrowth horseweed during coexistence periods with soybean. The total phenols, flavonoids, saponins, soybean yield components and seed yields were evaluated. Volunteer corn that initiates growth after the V4 soybean stage and horseweed regrowth during cultivation do not adversely affect secondary metabolism, seed yield or soybean yield components.

scholarly journals Comparação entre dois modelos de função footprint aplicados ao sítio experimental de Pedras Altas

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Tiago Bremm ◽  
Ivan Mauricio Cely Toro ◽  
Gustavo Pujol Veeck ◽  
Débora Regina Roberti ◽  
Lidiane Buligon
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Surface Flows ◽  
Atmospheric Data

Micrometeorological towers are installed in several regions in order to collect atmospheric data at high frequency for the estimation of micrometeorological parameters and surface flows of energy and mass. The determination of the towers field of view and, therefore, the flow measured at the sensors is defined by the footprint, which is directly influenced by the geometry of the terrain and by the vegetation of the site on which the sensor is installed. In this way, the present work aims to analyze the predominant area of the flow contribution by two different methods of footprint determination: one analytical model and one lagrangian stochastic. The data were analyzed for the micrometeorological station of Pedras Altas, located in the south western region of Rio Grande do Sul. The results show that the stochastic model considers the tower field of view closer than the analytical model, consequently it covers a smaller area.

scholarly journals Growth habit effect on development of modern soybean cultivars after beginning of bloom in Rio Grande do Sul

Bragantia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alencar Junior Zanon ◽  
Nereu Augusto Streck ◽  
Thiago Schmitz Marques da Rocha ◽  
Cleber Maus Alberto ◽  
Alex Cristiano Bartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Reproductive Phases ◽  
Santa Maria

ABSTRACT There was a change in the genetics of soybeans grown in southern Brazil from the 2000s, which requires investment in basic and detailed studies about growth and development. The purpose in this paper was to characterize the overlap period of vegetative and reproductive phases, growth in height and the emission of nodes after the beginning of flowering in determinate and indeterminate cultivars in different sowing dates and soybean regions in Rio Grande do Sul. Field experiments were conducted during the growing seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, in Santa Maria, Itaqui, Frederico Westphalen, Capão do Leão, Júlio de Castilhos and in 3 commercial soybean crops in Restinga Sêca, Tupanciretã and Água Santa. Overlap determination (in days) of vegetative and reproductive phases, difference in the number of nodes and height in R8 and R1 were estimated. The cultivars with indeterminate growth had higher overlap period of vegetative and reproductive phases, height growth and emission of nodes after the beginning of flowering in comparison with the determinate cultivars. The magnitude of the overlap values of vegetative and reproductive phases and of the increase in height and number of nodes after R1 ranged with the type of growth, maturity group, location, and sowing date.

Architectural modelling of maize under water stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin J. Birch ◽  
David Thornby ◽  
Steve Adkins ◽  
Bruno Andrieu ◽  
Jim Hanan
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Two field experiments using maize (Pioneer 31H50) and three watering regimes [(i) irrigated for the whole crop cycle, until anthesis, (ii) not at all (experiment 1) and (iii) fully irrigated and rain grown for the whole crop cycle (experiment 2)] were conducted at Gatton, Australia, during the 2003–04 season. Data on crop ontogeny, leaf, sheath and internode lengths and leaf width, and senescence were collected at 1- to 3-day intervals. A glasshouse experiment during 2003 quantified the responses of leaf shape and leaf presentation to various levels of water stress. Data from experiment 1 were used to modify and parameterise an architectural model of maize (ADEL-Maize) to incorporate the impact of water stress on maize canopy characteristics. The modified model produced accurate fitted values for experiment 1 for final leaf area and plant height, but values during development for leaf area were lower than observed data. Crop duration was reasonably well fitted and differences between the fully irrigated and rain-grown crops were accurately predicted. Final representations of maize crop canopies were realistic. Possible explanations for low values of leaf area are provided. The model requires further development using data from the glasshouse study and before being validated using data from experiment 2 and other independent data. It will then be used to extend functionality in architectural models of maize. With further research and development, the model should be particularly useful in examining the response of maize production to water stress including improved prediction of total biomass and grain yield. This will facilitate improved simulation of plant growth and development processes allowing investigation of genotype by environment interactions under conditions of suboptimal water supply.

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