scholarly journals Water’s quality and environmental conditions of the hydric resources in Grajaú-MA

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Fernando Machado Ferreira ◽  
Gleidiany Da Costa Moreira ◽  
Maria Elizabete Gomes de Sousa Silva ◽  
Ana Maria Kellen Santos Silva ◽  
Gardjany Da Costa Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
Chemical Conditions

Water is the essential element to develop and maintaining life, that is why the adoption of means of conservation of this essential resource is necessary. In Brazil, the ordinance No. 2914, from December 12th, 2011, of the Ministry Of Health establishes microbiological parameters, which determinate its quality, verifying its potability in order not to offer health risks. The research analyzed five samples from two different wells, placed in the same district of Grajaú-MA. The physical-chemical conditions were analyzed by the following parameters: total alkalinity, chlorides, total hardness, pH, iron, ammonia, chlorine, oxygen consumed, water turbidity by quick tests with the potability kit ALFAKIT and the microbiological conditions by the methodology of the multiple tubes based on the most probable number (MPN), besides seedlings on selective culture means. The results obtained in this research show that the samples of groundwater from five analyzed spots do not match the legislation, because they do not fit to the potability standards. This way, new analysis must be made, mainly microbiological and biochemical tests, to, this time on, adopt means that allow a proper treatment to this water that is used by the local communities. 

scholarly journals Physiochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Selected Sachet Water in Jere and Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Modu Aji ◽  
Shettima Abba Kyar ◽  
Mustapha Hussaini
Keyword(s):  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Bacteriological Analysis ◽  
Batch Number ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Sachet Water

 The study involved the determination of some physiochemical and bacteriological properties in sachet-water samples taken within selected geopolitical wards in Jere and Maiduguri Metropolis. The purpose was to ascertain the quality of sachet water sold for consumption within the area. Ten samples were drawn, five from each study area. The samples were analysed for temperature, colour, turbidity, pH, conductivity, iron, total alkalinity and total dissolved solid. Bacteriological analysis was also carried out using multiple tube (most probable number) technique for enumeration of both total coli form count and differential Escherichia coli count. Other physical examination like volume, National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration and Control (NAFDAC) registration number, batch number, production date and expiry date were also examined. The results obtained were compared with World Health Organization (WHO), NAFDAC and Nigeria Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). Variations were observed among the entire samples in comparison with the standard. Some of the parameters conform to the standard like the Tempreture, pH, colour, odour, iron content and NAFDAC registration number while others like TDS, total alkalinity and volumetric quantity fell below the standard. The bacteriological analysis also showed that 80% of the samples studied revealed the presence of coliforms. Hence, there is need for regulatory agencies like NAFDAC and Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) to intensify effort in the routine monitoring of quality of sachet water marketed for consumption.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12177 International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, page: 48-57  

Effect of polluted water on Danio rerio (Zebrafish) as a vertebrate model: A case study of Ibalur Lake, Bangalore, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Mathews P. Raj ◽  
Anitha A. Abraham ◽  
Jayarama Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Zebra Fish ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Who Standards

  Lake ecosystems are degraded with the increase in urbanization and anthro-pogenic activities. A study was taken up to analyze the effects of water quality of Ibalur Lake, Bangalore, India. The physico- chemical parameters and bacteriological examination of lake water was done for a period of 3 months from December 2013 – February 2014. The values recorded for Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biological oxygen demand (BOD) and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) were found to be zero. The average values recorded for parameters like calcium, total alkalinity, hardness were 231mg/L, 197mg/L and 587.1 mg/L respectively which were found exceeding the WHO standards set for drinking water; Parameters like Magnesium, Sodium, Chlorides, Sulphates had an average value of 140, 18.4, 59.5, 15 expressed in mg/L, which were within the WHO standards. Coliform count customized using the standard Most Probable Number (MPN) test reported a very high bacterial activity and proved the lake water is non-potable. Analysis carried out to determine the effects of pollutants on the vertebrate system (zebra fish) showed that the polluted waters of the lake have deleterious effects on zebra fish. With these observations it can be concluded that the pollutants of the lake can have detrimental impact on the biotic components.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Quality Control Chart to Examine the Chemical Properties and Bacterial Water in Al-Dlail Area in the Zarqa Governorate

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Adeeb Ahmed Ali AL Rahamneh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Private Wells ◽  
Control Limits

This study focuses on the amount of chemical properties and microbiology (T.D.S ,T.H,MPN) into the water provided by the environmental health from the private wells Al-Dlail laboratories in a Zarqa Governorate. The research problem focuses on the chemical properties and microbiology (T.D.S, T.H, MPN) of the amount of the water provided by the environmental health of the private wells of Al-Dlail laboratories in a Zarqa Governorate. The research object was to develop the necessary treatments for reducing the presence of unauthorized descent from T.D.S, T.H and MPN.The analytical research methodology was adopted for the case study analysis to achieve the purpose of this research which was to develop necessary treatments to reduce the presence of unauthorized descent from T.D.S, T.H and MPN. To achieve the study objectives, the study uses (Minitab). Based on the statistical analysis, the main results are:The Control Limits for the Total Dissolved Solid (T.D.S) and the Total Hardness (T.H) are within acceptable limits In the Control Limits for the Most Probable Number (MPN), some readings are beyond the extent of control. Also, there are two samples (15,16) that breach the specification and the bacterium Bacillus colon(MPN) limits, which means exceeding the allowed percentage of the limit.The researcher concluded that the Control Limits for the Total Dissolved Solid (T.D.S) are within acceptable limits and the Control Limits for the Total Hardness (T.H) are within acceptable limits. The researcher recommends that the international standard must be adopted in water treatment. 

Use of Iron Milk Medium for Enumeration of Clostridium perfringens

1982 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1129-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D St John ◽  
Jack R Matches ◽  
Marleen M Wekell
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Short Incubation Time

Abstract A simple iron milk medium was used for isolation and enumeration of Clostridium perfringens from soil, sludge, and water samples. The whole milk contained only iron powder as a reducing agent; no other inhibitors were added. The iron milk most probable number (MPN) procedure was compared with 4 plating media: sulfite-polymyxin-sulfadiazine, Shahidi-Ferguson perfringens, tryptose-sulfite- cycloserine (both with and without egg yolk), and tryptone-sulfite-neomycin. The selectivity of the iron milk relies solely on the rapid growth of C. perfringens at 45°C and the stormy fermentation reaction within 18 h. Isolates were confirmed as C. perfringens by standard biochemical tests. The iron milk MPN procedure compared very well with the 4 plating media tested. Selectivity of incubation temperature, short incubation time, and ease of identification by the characteristic stormy fermentation make this method ideal for enumerating C. perfringens from large numbers of samples.

scholarly journals Isolation and Enumeration of Escherichia coli from Soil and Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Anindita Bhowmik ◽  
Sunjukta Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dilution Series

Majority of the population of Bangladesh depend on tap or surface water as their source of water supply. This study was carried out to examine the microbial quality of both water and soil collected from different places using the multiple tube fermentation technique to determine coliform count by the most probable number (MPN) method in brilliant green lactose broth (BGLB) media.Inoculum from positive tubes of the presumptive test were further transferred on eosinemethylene blue (EMB) and MacConkey agar.The organisms isolated were further characterized using biochemical tests. Out of 93 water samples, 30 (32.26%) indicated the presence of lactose fermenter and gas producer in all 3 tubes of dilution series using inoculum quantities of 1.0, 0.1 and 0.01 ml, whereas out of 85 soil samples, 45 (52.94%) showed acid and gas production in all 3 tubes of dilution series.Among 85 soil samples, 40 samples that contained at least one positive in each dilution series and among 93 water samples, 31 samples that contained at least one positive in each dilution series were further re-identified with biochemical tests.This study showed 30.59% soil isolates and 26.88% water isolates were Escherichia coli which highlighted the fact that both water and soil act as a major reservoir of E.coli, which indicates possible fecal contamination as well as presence of potentially pathogenic E. coli. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 2 December 2019, pp 75-77

scholarly journals Kualitas Air Sumur Bor dan Air Swadaya Berdasarkan Total Coliform dengan Cemaran Escherichia coli di Desa Rarowatu Kabupaten Bombana

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angriani Fusvita ◽  
Susanti Susanti ◽  
Bobi Anggriawan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Quality Of Water

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas Air di Desa Rarowatu Kabupaten Bombana. Pemeriksaan coliform pada air sumur bor dan air swadaya masyarakat menggunakan Metode Most Probable Number (MPN). Pada perlakuan ini terdiri dari presumptive test yang menggunakan media Lactose Broth (LB) dengan metode 3 seri tabung, Tahap berikutnya confirmative test dengan menggunakan media Brillian Green Lactose Broth (BGLB). Pada identifikasi  Escherichia coli  menggunakan media Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, pewarnaan Gram dan media uji biokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sampel yang terdiri dari 7 sampel air sumur bor dan I sampel air swadaya masyarakat berdasarkan uji MPN mencapai 2400/100 ml. Hasil identifikasi menggunakan media EMBA menunjukkan koloni yang berwarna hijau metalik pada sampel air swadaya  serta  dilakukan pewarnaan Gram menunjukkan bentuk basil pendek dan gram negative. Hasil uji biokimia menunjukkan hasil uji indol positif, methyl red positif, voges proskauer negatif dan uji sitrat negatif. Uji IMViC dapat disimpulkan bahwa bakteri pada kode sampel D memiliki sifat yang sama terhadap bakteri E. coli. Kata kunci :  Coliform, Identifikasi, Escherichia coli, BombanaABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the quality of water in Rarowatu Village, Bombana Regency. Coliform examination in borehole water and community self-water using the Most Probable Number (MPN) Method. This treatment consists of a presumptive test that uses Lactose Broth (LB) media with the tube 3 series method. The next stage is the confirmative test using Brilliant Green Lactose Broth (BGLB) media. The identification of Escherichia coli using Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media, Gram staining, and biochemical test media. The results of the study showed that samples consisting of 7 samples of bore well water and I community self-water samples based on the MPN test reached 2400/100 ml. The identification results using EMBA media showed that metallic green colonies in self-help water samples and Gram staining performed showed short and gram-negative bacilli forms. The results of biochemical tests showed that swadaya water samples were Escherichia coli species.Keywords: Coliform, Identification, Escherichia coli, Bombana

Alicyclobacillus in Orange Juice: Occurrence and Heat Resistance of Spores

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 883-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIRTHA NELLY UBOLDI EIROA ◽  
VALÉRIA CHRISTINA AMSTALDEN JUNQUEIRA ◽  
FLÁVIO L. SCHMIDT
Keyword(s):  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Death Time ◽  
Spore Activation ◽  
D Values

Spore suspensions of a pure culture of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris DSM 2498 were submitted to different heat treatments (60°C for 60 min, 60°C for 30 min, 70°C for 20 min, 80°C for 5 min, 80°C for 10 min, 80°C for 30 min, and boiling for 5 min) to determine the best activation conditions in orange juice. The best treatment for spore activation was shown to be 70°C/20 min. Seventy-five samples of concentrated orange juice from 11 different suppliers were examined for the presence of thermophilic acid-tolerant spore formers by the most probable number technique using Bacillus acidocaldarius medium (BAM broth) and incubation at 44°C for 5 days after a prior spore activation. After incubation, isolation was carried out using BAM agar medium incubating at 44°C for 5 days. Typical colonies were submitted to a microscopic examination, evaluation for the presence of spores, and various biochemical tests. Of the orange juice samples examined, 14.7% were found to be positive for Alicyclobacillus. The thermal death time open tube method was used to determine the heat resistance of the spores of strains confirmed as being Alicyclobacillus. The D-values determined were in the range from 60.8 to 94.5 min at 85°C, 10.0 to 20.6 min at 90°C, and 2.5 to 8.7 min at 95°C. The z-values were between 7.2°C and 11.3°C. The results demonstrated the occurrence of Alicyclobacillus in orange juice and the high heat resistance of the spores that could survive the heat treatments normally applied in the processing of orange juice.

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality of Prawns Collected from Local Markets of Dhaka Metropolis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Anindita Bhowmik ◽  
Sharmistha Goswami ◽  
Sunjukta Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dilution Series ◽  
Agar Media

In Bangladesh, food sold at local markets are usually not kept under hygienic conditions leading to contamination with different microorganisms and deterioration of food quality. This study was carried out to examine the microbial quality of prawns sold at local markets. Prawn samples collected from different markets were assessed for their bacteriological quality using the multiple tube fermentation technique to determine coliform count using the most probable number method in Brilliant Green Lactose Broth (BGLB) media. Positive tubes of the presumptive test were further cultured on Eosine Methylene Blue(EMB) and Mac Conkey agar media. The organisms isolated were further characterized using biochemical tests. Out of the 65 samples, 47 (72.3%) showed positive results in all 3 tubes of dilution series using inoculum quantities of 1, 0.1 and 0.01 g.Among 65 samples 57 samples that contained at least one positive in each dilution series were further re-identified with biochemical tests.This study showed 56.14%isolates were Escherichia coli which conformed to expected biochemical reactions, formed round, small,elevated colonies with pink pigmentation on Mac Conkey agar media and round, small colonies with metallic green sheen pigmentation on EMB agar media. Other bacteria which presumptively appeared to be enterics and were isolated from BGLB were identified as Klebsiellapneumoniae(29.82%),Staphylococcus aureus(8.7%), Enterobacter aeroginosa(3.5%) and Salmonellatyphimurium (1.75%).Presumptive identification of E. coli in prawn in order to determine fecal contamination was able to identify ¾ of BGLB tubes with actual occurrence of E. coli. From this study it has been found that 97.14% bacteria were sensitive to Co-Trimoxazole, compared to other antibiotics used in this test whereas only 37.14% bacteria were sensitive to nitrofurantoin. This study also highlighted the fact that prawns act as a major source of E. coli which indicates possible fecal contamination as well as presence of potentially pathogenic E. coli and these bacteria are resistant at a great percentage to almost all of these antibiotics used in this study. Prawns must therefore be cooked adequately before consumption. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 35 Number 1 June 2018, pp 13-16

scholarly journals Physicochemical and microbial water quality of Sylhet city corporation, Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
M Hoque ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
MJ Alam ◽  
M Purkayastha ◽  
A Belal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Microbial Water Quality ◽  
The City

Sylhet City Corporation (SCC) of Bangladesh is supplying water to the Sylhet city dwellers through its distribution network. The quality of water is at risk to deteriorate during its flow through the distribution system and also due to probability of high elemental concentrations in groundwater. To identify such probable water contamination problems; water samples from 20 (out of 27) different wards of the city were analyzed in this study. The parameters analyzed were pH, turbidity, total alkalinity as Calcium carbonate CaCO3, total hardness, iron, manganese, arsenic, chloride, fluoride, MPN (Most Probable Number), total viable count (TVC), coliform and fecal coliform. The study revealed that all the physico-chemical parameters except alkalinity were in the permissible limit. All the samples were found to have total alkalinity as CaCO3 value higher than the WHO and Bangladesh Standards limit. But the water from treatment plant was found to have high turbidity and iron concentration. Analysis of microbial water quality parameters revealed that there was no coliform and fecal coliform contamination. But high value of MPN index and total viable count indicates that there were obvious contamination and chances of contamination by non-fecal pathogens. Finally, it is concluded and recommended that the water treatment facilities of SCC have to be improved, further investigation should be done to identify the non-fecal organisms and the cause of high total viable bacteria should be detected and corrected for the betterment of the city dwellers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v2i1.10881 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2012), 2(1): 33-37

scholarly journals Physicochemical and bacteriological quality of sachet water used by Ghanaian university students: implications for public health

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Bismark Elorm Addo ◽  
Godfred Amankwaa ◽  
Razak M. Gyasi
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sachet Water

Abstract This study analyses the quality of sachet water consumed by university students in Metropolitan Kumasi, Ghana. Thirty sachet water samples from ten different brands were tested for their physical and bacteriological quality using meters and titrimetric method and most probable number method, respectively. Overall, one half of the sachet water samples were highly contaminated with total and faecal coliform. While the mean total coliform/100 mL concentration of ANG, NOV, IM, PD and DKN were 9.15 × 105, 2.35 × 106, 9.15 × 105, 4.15 × 105 and 9.15 × 105 respectively, we recorded faecal coliform counts of 2.3 × 105, 4.15 × 105, 2.3 × 105, 2.3 × 105 and 2.3 × 105, respectively for ANG, NOV, IM, PD and DKN. Moreover, samples from DKN brand showed Escherichia coli count of 4.0 × 104. The conductivity ranged from 2.24 μS/cm to 43.60 μS/cm while the mean total alkalinity of all samples ranged from 33.33 mg/L to 120 mg/L. The coliform contamination levels of the water samples violated the guidelines and standards of WHO for drinking water quality. Ghanaian regulatory agencies should intensify the monitoring and surveillance activities to ensure compliance with strict hygienic measures by sachet water producers.

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