scholarly journals Anti-biofilm property of essential oils from Cymbopogon sp. against pathogenic bacteria in single-culture and co-culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e1
Author(s):  
Alessandra Farias Millezi ◽  
Vanessa Schuh ◽  
Janaina Schuh ◽  
Taciara Penno do Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Single Culture ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Cymbopogon Martinii

In this study, we evaluated whether the essential oils (EOs) from Cymbopogon flexuosus and Cymbopogon martinii can prevent production of biofilms either in single or combined culture of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilm formation was assessed by microtiter-plate test with further quantification of viable cells and biofilm biomass. The evaluated EOs at 0.78 % significantly (P 0.05) reduced only the viable cells of S. aureus that inhabited biofilm. However, in single-and co-culture assays, both oils significantly (P 0.05) decreased the amount of biofilm biomass. Biofilm reductions between 52-83% and 60-93% were achieved for the treatments with EOs from C. flexuosus and C. martinii, respectively. Although the biomass reductions of simgle and co-cultivated biofilms were significant, the same was not true for viable cells, except for S. aureus. Considering that the remaining colony forming units can reconstitute the EPS matrix, studies with higher concentrations than those used in this research are suggested in order to obtain greater logarithmic reductions of viable bacterial cells.

Antibiotics Application Strategies to Control Biofilm Formation in Pathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Dung T.N. Pham ◽  
Sandra F. Oloketuyi ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces

Background: The establishment of a biofilm by most pathogenic bacteria has been known as one of the resistance mechanisms against antibiotics. A biofilm is a structural component where the bacterial community adheres to the biotic or abiotic surfaces by the help of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) produced by bacterial cells. The biofilm matrix possesses the ability to resist several adverse environmental factors, including the effect of antibiotics. Therefore, the resistance of bacterial biofilm-forming cells could be increased up to 1000 times than the planktonic cells, hence requiring a significantly high concentration of antibiotics for treatment. Methods: Up to the present, several methodologies employing antibiotics as an anti-biofilm, antivirulence or quorum quenching agent have been developed for biofilm inhibition and eradication of a pre-formed mature biofilm. Results: Among the anti-biofilm strategies being tested, the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of several antibiotics either alone or in combination has been shown to inhibit biofilm formation and down-regulate the production of virulence factors. The combinatorial strategies include (1) combination of multiple antibiotics, (2) combination of antibiotics with non-antibiotic agents and (3) loading of antibiotics onto a carrier. Conclusion: The present review paper describes the role of several antibiotics as biofilm inhibitors and also the alternative strategies adopted for applications in eradicating and inhibiting the formation of biofilm by pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals A Real-Time Thermal Sensor System for Quantifying the Inhibitory Effect of Antimicrobial Peptides on Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2771
Author(s):  
Tobias Wieland ◽  
Julia Assmann ◽  
Astrid Bethe ◽  
Christian Fidelak ◽  
Helena Gmoser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Thermal Sensor ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Static Conditions

The increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogenic bacteria is a global threat to human and veterinary medicine. Beyond antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) might be an alternative to inhibit the growth of bacteria, including AMR pathogens, on different surfaces. Biofilm formation, which starts out as bacterial adhesion, poses additional challenges for antibiotics targeting bacterial cells. The objective of this study was to establish a real-time method for the monitoring of the inhibition of (a) bacterial adhesion to a defined substrate and (b) biofilm formation by AMPs using an innovative thermal sensor. We provide evidence that the thermal sensor enables continuous monitoring of the effect of two potent AMPs, protamine and OH-CATH-30, on surface colonization of bovine mastitis-associated Escherichia (E.) coli and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. The bacteria were grown under static conditions on the surface of the sensor membrane, on which temperature oscillations generated by a heater structure were detected by an amorphous germanium thermistor. Bacterial adhesion, which was confirmed by white light interferometry, caused a detectable amplitude change and phase shift. To our knowledge, the thermal measurement system has never been used to assess the effect of AMPs on bacterial adhesion in real time before. The system could be used to screen and evaluate bacterial adhesion inhibition of both known and novel AMPs.

scholarly journals Application of Bacteriophages on Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Biofilm

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1423
Author(s):  
Nicola Mangieri ◽  
Roberto Foschino ◽  
Claudia Picozzi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Continuous Presence ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Better Than

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli are pathogenic bacteria able to form biofilms both on abiotic surfaces and on food, thus increasing risks for food consumers. Moreover, biofilms are difficult to remove and more resistant to antimicrobial agents compared to planktonic cells. Bacteriophages, natural predators of bacteria, can be used as an alternative to prevent biofilm formation or to remove pre-formed biofilm. In this work, four STEC able to produce biofilm were selected among 31 different strains and tested against single bacteriophages and two-phage cocktails. Results showed that our phages were able to reduce biofilm formation by 43.46% both when used as single phage preparation and as a cocktail formulation. Since one of the two cocktails had a slightly better performance, it was used to remove pre-existing biofilms. In this case, the phages were unable to destroy the biofilms and reduce the number of bacterial cells. Our data confirm that preventing biofilm formation in a food plant is better than trying to remove a preformed biofilm and the continuous presence of bacteriophages in the process environment could reduce the number of bacteria able to form biofilms and therefore improve the food safety.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of essential oils from Piper marginatum Jacq.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e514101119967
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Mendes dos Santos ◽  
Filipe Augusto Matos Araújo ◽  
Érika da Silva Matisui ◽  
Luiz Antonio Mendonça Alves da Costa ◽  
Alexandre José Macêdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Amazonian Region

A low shrub growing in the Amazonian region, Piper marginatum Jacq. has been related to the treatment of a disease variety in folk medicine, however, still lacking scientific support. This study aimed to describe the composition of essential oils obtained from leaves (EOL) and branches (EOB) of P. marginatum and their antimicrobial effects on six relevant pathogenic bacteria. A combination of GC-FID and GC-MS was used to identify the phytochemical constituents. As antimicrobial assays, the oils were screened at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3 µg/ml for planktonic and biofilm inhibition. EOL revealed the presence of trans–nerolidol, o–cymene, spathulenol, elemicin, and α–copaene, while EOB composition was mainly of myristicin, trans-caryophyllene, trans-nerolidol, caryophyllene oxide, α–copaene, γ–muurolene and spathulenol. The strongest inhibition of planktonic growth was achieved against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (EOB) and Escherichia coli (EOB). Overall, Gram negative bacteria were more sensitive to both EOB/EOL showing less ability of growth and biofilm formation. The Gram-positive strains seemed to react to the essential oils by massive adhesion. Our results corroborate the relevance of Piperaceae and indicate the possible use of P. marginatum in future developments of antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Effect of Algae and Plant Lectins on Planktonic Growth and Biofilm Formation in Clinically Relevant Bacteria and Yeasts

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayron Alves Vasconcelos ◽  
Francisco Vassiliepe Sousa Arruda ◽  
Victor Alves Carneiro ◽  
Helton Colares Silva ◽  
Kyria Santiago Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Hypnea Musciformis ◽  
Planktonic Growth ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Vatairea Macrocarpa

This study aimed to evaluate the abilities of plant and algae lectins to inhibit planktonic growth and biofilm formation in bacteria and yeasts. Initially, ten lectins were tested onStaphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, andC. tropicalisat concentrations of 31.25 to 250 μg/mL. The lectins fromCratylia floribunda(CFL),Vatairea macrocarpa(VML),Bauhinia bauhinioides(BBL),Bryothamnion seaforthii(BSL), andHypnea musciformis(HML) showed activities against at least one microorganism. Biofilm formation in the presence of the lectins was also evaluated; after 24 h of incubation with the lectins, the biofilms were analyzed by quantifying the biomass (by crystal violet staining) and by enumerating the viable cells (colony-forming units). The lectins reduced the biofilm biomass and/or the number of viable cells to differing degrees depending on the microorganism tested, demonstrating the different characteristics of the lectins. These findings indicate that the lectins tested in this study may be natural alternative antimicrobial agents; however, further studies are required to better elucidate the functional use of these proteins.

Influence of essential oils on the biofilm formation and cell agglomeration of Burkholderia cepacia from industrial environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Huth-Herms ◽  
Alexander Kintzel ◽  
Annika Brehmer ◽  
Christoph Hein ◽  
Prof. Dr. h. c. Dr.-Ing. Eckart Uhlmann
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>Burkholderia cepacia</em> (<em>B. cepacia</em>) is one of nine species the <em>Burkholderia cepacia</em> complex, a group of gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria. Contamination by <em>B. cepacia</em> is found in different industrial issues. <em>B. cepacia</em> affect manufacturing process chains by contaminating the working fluids with planktonic cells and biofilms. Because of the opportunistic pathogenicity to plants, animals, humans and and the multi-drug resistance, <em>B. cepacia</em> is difficult to treat. An alternative treatment method could be the use of herbal raw materials, such as essential oils and their active ingredients. This study aims: (i) to identify the antimicrobial potential of essential oils on the growth of four <em>B. cepacia</em> isolates, (ii) to analyse the influence of active ingredients, on planktonic growth and biofilm formation, (iii) to better understand the impact of commercial and naturally biocides to cell agglomeration as a precursor to mature biofilms. Starting with agar dilution method to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of twenty-three essential oils against <em>B. cepacia</em> (<em>Burk_09</em>,<em> Burk_23</em>,<em> Burk_52</em> and <em>Burk_309</em>) isolated from cathodic dip coating systems and the wild type (<em>DSM_7288</em>), it was all ready possible to identify eight essential oils that inhibit the growth of <em>B. cepacia</em>. Serial microdilution was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the essential oils for growth and biofilm formation inhibition of <em>B. cepacia</em>. The MIC of <em>Melaleuca alternifolia</em> and <em>Citrus aurantium dulcis</em> essential oils were tested equally for all strains. Essential oils contain active ingredients against the growth of multi-drug resistant and pathogenic bacteria. From twelve active substances among others, Terpinen-4-ol and Geraniol were identified that inhibited growth and biofilm formation. It is concluded that essential oils and active ingredients have a good antimicrobial potential, demonstrating a possible more environmental-friendly alternative to commercial biocides applying in industrial fluids.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of Biofilm Formation on the Surface of Organic Mung Bean Seeds, Sprouts and in the Germination Environment

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Marcin Kruk ◽  
Monika Trząskowska
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Seed Disinfection ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to analyse the impact of sanitation methods on the formation of bacterial biofilms after disinfection and during the germination process of mung bean on seeds and in the germination environment. Moreover, the influence of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on the growth of the tested pathogenic bacteria was evaluated. Three strains of Salmonella and E. coli were used for the study. The colony forming units (CFU), the crystal violet (CV), the LIVE/DEAD and the gram fluorescent staining, the light and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods were used. The tested microorganisms survive in a small number. During germination after disinfection D2 (20 min H2O at 60 °C, then 15 min in a disinfecting mixture consisting of H2O, H2O2 and CH₃COOH), the biofilms grew most after day 2, but with the DP2 method (D2 + L. plantarum 299v during germination) after the fourth day. Depending on the method used, the second or fourth day could be a time for the introduction of an additional growth-limiting factor. Moreover, despite the use of seed disinfection, their germination environment could be favourable for the development of bacteria and, consequently, the formation of biofilms. The appropriate combination of seed disinfection methods and growth inhibition methods at the germination stage will lead to the complete elimination of the development of unwanted microflora and their biofilms.

scholarly journals Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum Essential Oil Prevented Biofilm Formation and Showed Antibacterial Activity against Planktonic and Sessile Bacterial Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1747-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOMENICO SCHILLACI ◽  
EDOARDO MARCO NAPOLI ◽  
MARIA GRAZIA CUSIMANO ◽  
MARIA VITALE ◽  
GIUSEPPE RUBERTO
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Planktonic Form

Essential oils from six different populations of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum were compared for their antibiofilm properties. The six essential oils (A to F) were characterized by a combination of gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and gas chromatography with mass spectrometer detector analyses. All oils showed weak activity against the planktonic form of a group of Staphylococcus aureus strains and against a Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 reference strain. The ability to inhibit biofilm formation was investigated at sub-MIC levels of 200, 100, and 50 μg/ml by staining sessile cells with safranin. Sample E showed the highest average effectiveness against all tested strains at 50 μg/ml and had inhibition percentages ranging from 30 to 52%. In the screening that used preformed biofilm from the reference strain P. aeruginosa, essential oils A through E were inactive at 200 μg/ml; F was active with a percentage of inhibition equal to 53.2%. Oregano essential oil can inhibit the formation of biofilms of various food pathogens and food spoilage organisms.

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