Plant diversity of tree and shrub strata of agroforestry homegardens in an agro-extractive settlement, Monte Alegre, Pará

This study aimed to evaluate the floristic composition of 37 agroforestry homegardes of the community of São Diogo, located 40 km from the municipality of Monte Alegre, Pará. In order to reach these homegardens, the "snowball" technique was used. In the manager settlers’ house, the data collection was done through tour-guided. Informations were collected about: plant species cultivated in tree and shrub strata, size and age of each system, and management practices. The Shannon index was used to assess the diversity of homegardens. There were 32 species belonging to 26 genera, divided into 18 botanical families, all of them fruit trees, 85.7% of which were used exclusively for self-consumption. The most frequent species were Cocos nucifera, Euterpe oleracea, Citrus limon and Mangifera indica. The homegardens presented on average 12 years of age, with average size 1,973 m². It was highlighted the greater participation of women in the management decisions and activities of these systems. Homegardens are an important for food security and income sources for managers.

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First record of Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Monophlebidae) in Brazil and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Pseudococcidae) in the state of Maranhão

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.05416 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 87-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. S. J. C. Ramos ◽

A. L. B. G. Peronti ◽

T. Kondo ◽

R. N. S. Lemos

Keyword(s):

New Records ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

First Record ◽

The State ◽

Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽

Cocos Nucifera L ◽

Cycas Revoluta ◽

First Time

Abstract Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) is recorded for the first time from Brazil and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is recorded for the first time from the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Both species were collected from branches, leaves and fruits of various fruit trees in the municipalities of São José de Ribamar, São Luís and Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brazil. Crypticerya zeteki was collected on Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae), Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae), Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) and Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae), all first records for this species. Maconellicoccus hirsutus was collected on Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) and M. punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), both new records for this species.

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Arranjos agroflorestais no contexto da agroecologia: O caso dos agricultores da região do Médio Maracá no município do Mazagão, Amapá

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v10i2.3384 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 271-277

Author(s):

Hilaíres Lima Maciel ◽

Daniel Santos De Assis ◽

Gilberto Ken-Iti Yokomizo

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Euterpe Oleracea ◽

Theobroma Grandiflorum ◽

Fruit Species ◽

Direct Observations ◽

El Jadida ◽

Productive Systems ◽

Average Size ◽

Two Stages ◽

The City

Objetivou-se identificar localmente os diferentes arranjos, práticas e manejos agroflorestais, desenvolvidos pelos agricultores da região do Médio Maracá no município do Mazagão. Para a pesquisa foram adotadas observações diretas desenvolvida em duas etapas: a primeira constou de pesquisa e revisão bibliográficas. A segunda etapa da pesquisa foi realizada em campo. Identificou-se que as tipologias Quintal Florestal possuem área média 0,5 ha e a agrossilvicultura com área média de 5,5 ha. Quanto às espécies utilizadas o açaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea), o cupuaçuzeiro (Theobroma Grandiflorum), e a bacabeira (Oenocarpus bacaba), apresentaram maior frequência na composição dos sistemas pesquisados. Entre os lotes constatou-se uma média de 10 de espécies frutíferas por lote, quanto às essências florestais a média variou de 10 a 15 espécies. Nesta perspectiva, resgatar práticas e manejos tradicionais baseadas empiricamente nos princípios dos sistemas agroflorestais, se reveste de grande importância para apoiar implantação de sistemas produtivos com base na agroecologia.Agroforestry arrangements in the context of agroecology: The case of the farmers of the Middle Maracá region in the municipality of Mazagão, state AmapáAbstract: Aim to locally identify the different arrangements, practices and agroforestry management practices developed by farmers of the Middle Maracá region in the city of El Jadida. For research direct observations developed in two stages were adopted: the first consisted of research and bibliographic review. The second stage of the research was carried out in the field. It was found that the Forest Yard types have average size 0.5 ha and agroforestry with an average area of 5.5 ha. As for the species used the açaí (Euterpe oleracea), the cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), and the bacabeira (Oenocarpus bacaba), had a higher frequency in the composition of the investigated systems. Among the lots found an average of 10 fruit species per lot, for the forest species the average ranged from 10 to 15 species. In this perspective, rescue traditional practices and management conditions empirically based on the principles of agroforestry, is of great importance to support implementation of productive systems based on agroecology.

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Agroforestry as It Pertains to Vegetable Production in Bangladesh

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.752a ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 752A-752

Author(s):

Lutfor Rahman* ◽

Farid Mir

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Farm Size ◽

Small Scale ◽

Cash Income ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Increase With Increase

This study identified the diversity and distribution of tree species and which vegetable crops are grown beneath them, uses of different plants, to identify the problem faced by the farmer, and to recommend a suitable small scale mixed production system. The study was conducted in three sub districts of the Gazipur district in Bangladesh. Respondents for the survey were selected based on five different farm categories, i.e., tenant, marginal, small, medium, and large farm. The most common species in the study area was jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus, 26.3) and mango (Mangifera indica, 22.5) followed by mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni, 10.3), coconut (Cocos nucifera, 10.0), while low prevalence species was gora neem (Melia azadirch, 0.18) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica, 0.19). A total number of 43 plant species were identified in the homestead of the study area of which 28 were horticultural, and 15 were timber and fuelwood producing species. Total income was found to increase with increase of farm size. A large number of vegetables (32 species) are cultivated in the study area, largely for local consumption. The study showed that stem amaranthus, indian spinach, aroids, sweet gourd, chili, turmeric, eggplant, and radish were grown under shade of jackfruit, mango, date palm, litchi, mahogany, and drumstick trees. Country bean, bitter gourd, sponge gourd, and cowpea were found to grow as creeper on jackfruit, mango, litchi, mahogany, and drumstick trees. Farmers earned cash income by selling trees and vegetables produced in the homestead. Among different tree species, jackfruit was identified as an important cash generating crop in the study area. Scopes for improvement of tree management practices were prevalent in the study area.

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DIAGNÓSTICO QUALI-QUANTITATIVO DA ARBORIZAÇÃO URBANA DO BAIRRO PANTANAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE MACAPÁ-AP

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v9i1.10187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 76-85

Author(s):

Fabrício dos Santos Lobato ◽

Alexandre Palheita Mira ◽

Brenda Rebeca de Sousa Barbosa ◽

Alison Pereira de Magalhães ◽

Rodrigo Teixeira de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Single Species ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Tree Cover ◽

Floristic Survey ◽

High Dominance ◽

Electrical Wiring ◽

Cocos Nucifera L ◽

Urban Conditions

Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um inventário quali-quantitativo da arborização urbana do bairro Pantanal, Macapá, AP. Portanto, foram avaliados as condições arbóreas através dos parâmetros: porte arbóreo das espécies identificadas, disposição do fuste, presença de fios elétricos sob as árvores e calçamento adequada, por meio de índices de diversidade de Shannom e Simpsom foram avaliados a riqueza de espécies, e foi delimitada a área das copas e a cobertura arbórea por rua. Foram identificados 144 indivíduos arbóreo, sendo 17 espécies, pertencentes a 9 famílias botânicas. As espécies Mangifera indica L. e Cocos nucifera L. totalizaram 59% de indivíduos. A maioria dos indivíduos apresentam altura de até 5 m. Foi observado que 67,36 % dos indivíduos apresentaram fuste reto. Quanto que 68,06% estão com calçamento inadequado. Constatou-se que 77,78% da população vegetal encontra-se livre de fiação elétrica. O índice de Shannon (1,94) foi considerado baixo e o índice Simpson (0,79) indicou alta dominância de uma única espécie. A arborização em relação as copas foram insuficientes para proporcionar conforto térmico e sombreamento adequado. Conclui-se que arborização do bairro Pantanal encontra-se no estado juvenil, a maioria da vegetação no bairro é de espécies exóticas, a maioria das árvores não apresentam problemas fisionômicos. Palavras-chave: levantamento florístico; condições urbanas; dominância; frequência. Quali-quantitative diagnosis of urban arborization in the Pantanal Neighborhood of the municipality of Macapá, Amapá, Brazil ABSTRACT: This study aimed to conduct a qualitative and quantitative inventory of urban afforestation in the Pantanal neighborhood, Macapá, AP. Therefore, the tree conditions were evaluated through the parameters: tree size of the identified species, stem arrangement, presence of electrical wires under the trees and adequate pavement, using Shannom and Simpsom diversity indexes, the species richness was evaluated, and the crown area and the tree cover per street were delimited. 144 tree species were identified, 17 species, belonging to 9 botanical families. The species Mangifera indica L. and Cocos nucifera L. totaled 59% of individuals. Most individuals are up to 5 m tall. It was observed that 67.36% of the individuals had a straight shaft. As 68.06% are with inadequate paving. It was found that 77.78% of the plant population is free of electrical wiring. The Shannon index (1.94) was considered low and the Simpson index (0.79) indicated high dominance of a single species. The afforestation in relation to the crowns was insufficient to provide thermal comfort and adequate shading. It is concluded that the afforestation of the Pantanal neighborhood is in the juvenile state, most of the vegetation in the neighborhood is of exotic species, most of the trees do not present physiognomic problems. Keywords: floristic survey; urban conditions; dominance; frequency.

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The invasive aphid Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodkovsky, 1899) (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Lachninae) recorded on important fruit trees in Kashmir Valley, India

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.2968.10.5.11672-11678 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 11672 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Govindasamy Mahendiran ◽

Shahid Ali Akbar ◽

Mudasir Ahmad Dar

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Kashmir Valley ◽

Central Institute ◽

Rational Management ◽

First Time

Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodkovsky, 1899) is reported here for the first time from the Kashmir Valley. The aphid is seen to infest almond, peach, plum orchards in the region. Monitoring of the pest was carried out in the peach and almond fields of the Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (CITH) during the years 2014–2016. Seasonality and bio-rational management practices of the pest are discussed.

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Characterization of Two Ethephon-Induced IDA-Like Genes from Mango, and Elucidation of Their Involvement in Regulating Organ Abscission

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12030439 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 439

Author(s):

Avinash Chandra Rai ◽

Eyal Halon ◽

Hanita Zemach ◽

Tali Zviran ◽

Isaac Sisai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Expression Profiles ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Ectopic Expression ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Floral Organ ◽

Cytosolic Ph ◽

Early Increase ◽

Encoding Genes ◽

Fruitlet Abscission

In mango (Mangifera indica L.), fruitlet abscission limits productivity. The INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) peptide acts as a key component controlling abscission events in Arabidopsis. IDA-like peptides may assume similar roles in fruit trees. In this study, we isolated two mango IDA-like encoding-genes, MiIDA1 and MiIDA2. We used mango fruitlet-bearing explants and fruitlet-bearing trees, in which fruitlets abscission was induced using ethephon. We monitored the expression profiles of the two MiIDA-like genes in control and treated fruitlet abscission zones (AZs). In both systems, qRT-PCR showed that, within 24 h, both MiIDA-like genes were induced by ethephon, and that changes in their expression profiles were associated with upregulation of different ethylene signaling-related and cell-wall modifying genes. Furthermore, ectopic expression of both genes in Arabidopsis promoted floral-organ abscission, and was accompanied by an early increase in the cytosolic pH of floral AZ cells—a phenomenon known to be linked with abscission, and by activation of cell separation in vestigial AZs. Finally, overexpression of both genes in an Atida mutant restored its abscission ability. Our results suggest roles for MiIDA1 and MiIDA2 in affecting mango fruitlet abscission. Based on our results, we propose new possible modes of action for IDA-like proteins in regulating organ abscission.

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Fruit Tree-Based Agroforestry Systems for Smallholder Farmers in Northwest Vietnam—A Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment

Land ◽

10.3390/land9110451 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 451

Author(s):

Van Hung Do ◽

Nguyen La ◽

Rachmat Mulia ◽

Göran Bergkvist ◽

A. Sigrun Dahlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Knowledge Exchange ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Fruit Tree ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

Forage Grass ◽

High Investment

Rapid expansion of unsustainable farming practices in upland areas of Southeast Asia threatens food security and the environment. This study assessed alternative agroforestry systems for sustainable land management and livelihood improvement in northwest Vietnam. The performance of fruit tree-based agroforestry was compared with that of sole cropping, and farmers’ perspectives on agroforestry were documented. After seven years, longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.)-maize-forage grass and son tra (Docynia indica (Wall.) Decne)-forage grass systems had generated 2.4- and 3.5-fold higher average annual income than sole maize and sole son tra, respectively. Sole longan gave no net profit, due to high investment costs. After some years, competition developed between the crop, grass, and tree components, e.g., for nitrogen, and the farmers interviewed reported a need to adapt management practices to optimise spacing and pruning. They also reported that agroforestry enhanced ecosystem services by controlling surface runoff and erosion, increasing soil fertility and improving resilience to extreme weather. Thus, agroforestry practices with fruit trees can be more profitable than sole-crop cultivation within a few years. Integration of seasonal and fast-growing perennial plants (e.g., grass) is essential to ensure quick returns. Wider adoption needs initial incentives or loans, knowledge exchange, and market links.

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Effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Açaí) Oil on Dyslipidemia Caused by Cocos nucifera L. Saturated Fat in Wistar Rats

Journal of Medicinal Food ◽

10.1089/jmf.2017.0027 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 830-837 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Belmira S. Faria e Souza ◽

Helison O. Carvalho ◽

Talisson Taglialegna ◽

Albenise Santana A. Barros ◽

Edilson Leal da Cunha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Euterpe Oleracea ◽

Cocos Nucifera L ◽

Euterpe Oleracea Mart

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Effect of Harvest Date on Mango (Mangifera Indica L. Cultivar Osteen) Fruit’s Qualitative Development, Shelf Life and Consumer Acceptance

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040811 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 811

Author(s):

Giuseppe Gianguzzi ◽

Vittorio Farina ◽

Paolo Inglese ◽

Maria Gloria Lobo Rodrigo

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Storage Period ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Internal Quality ◽

Harvest Management ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Full Flowering ◽

Constant Quality ◽

Definition Of

The qualitative characteristics of mango fruits change throughout their development process and are also influenced by their duration. Harvesting at different times after the fruit set affects external and internal quality and the post-harvest behavior and management possibilities of the fruits. The objective of this study was to assess the evolution of the most important physicochemical and organoleptic parameters of cv. Osteen fruits concern the length of their stay on the plant and also to their post-harvest management. For this reason, fruits were harvested progressively in ten pickings. The study showed that mango fruits that are kept on the tree reach the best quality traits, corresponding to their physiological maturation. The length of the storage period needed to reach the consumption point varies greatly according to the harvesting moment and to the different environmental parameters, which also affect the organoleptic and physicochemical quality of the fruits. The number of days after full flowering were confirmed to be the primary information to consider when planning harvest with commercial use of the fruit, but interesting indications can be acquired through the definition of non-destructive (hardness, color) or destructive (dry matter) parameters. The data collected help improve mango fruit′s post-harvest management practices, to provide a product with constant quality and homogeneity to the consumer.

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Floristic composition and growth of weeds under custard apple (Annona squamosa) progenies

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582004000400006 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 529-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P.S.L. Silva ◽

Z. Barbosa ◽

O.F. Oliveira ◽

R.P. Antonio ◽

P.I.B. Silva

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Weed Species ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Custard Apple ◽

Root Collar

Weeds have a negative influence on several fruit tree characteristics, such as yield, making it difficult to management practices in orchards. Alternative weed management methods, aiming to reduce the use of herbicides, have become attractive since herbicides are costly and cause environmental degradation. The use of cultivars with greater competitive ability against weeds has attracted international attention. The objective of this work was to evaluate the floristic composition and growth of weeds under the canopies of irrigated custard apple tree progenies. Twenty halfsibling progenies around three years of age were evaluated in a random block design with five replicates and four plants per plot. A circle with a 0.5 m² area was established around the trunk of each plant. Floristic composition, fresh matter, and dry matter mass of the above-ground part of the weeds, were evaluated in this area. Root collar and canopy diameters, as well as leaf area of the progenies were also evaluated. Fifty-eight weed species were recorded. The five weed families with the most species were Leguminosae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae and Sterculiaceae, in decreasing order. The number of weed species per plot ranged from 6 to 18, but there was no difference between the mean percentages of different weeds under the canopies of the progenies. The lowest weed fresh and dry matter masses occurred in progenies JG1 and SM8, respectively. There were no differences between progenies with regard to root collar diameter and leaf area; however, one of the lowest weed dry matter yields was observed under the canopy of progeny FE4, which showed the largest canopy diameter.

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