The invasive aphid Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodkovsky, 1899) (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Lachninae) recorded on important fruit trees in Kashmir Valley, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 11672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govindasamy Mahendiran ◽  
Shahid Ali Akbar ◽  
Mudasir Ahmad Dar
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Central Institute ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
First Time

Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodkovsky, 1899) is reported here for the first time from the Kashmir Valley. The aphid is seen to infest almond, peach, plum orchards in the region.  Monitoring of the pest was carried out in the peach and almond fields of the Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (CITH) during the years 2014–2016. Seasonality and bio-rational management practices of the pest are discussed. 

scholarly journals Fruit Tree-Based Agroforestry Systems for Smallholder Farmers in Northwest Vietnam—A Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Van Hung Do ◽  
Nguyen La ◽  
Rachmat Mulia ◽  
Göran Bergkvist ◽  
A. Sigrun Dahlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
High Investment

Rapid expansion of unsustainable farming practices in upland areas of Southeast Asia threatens food security and the environment. This study assessed alternative agroforestry systems for sustainable land management and livelihood improvement in northwest Vietnam. The performance of fruit tree-based agroforestry was compared with that of sole cropping, and farmers’ perspectives on agroforestry were documented. After seven years, longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.)-maize-forage grass and son tra (Docynia indica (Wall.) Decne)-forage grass systems had generated 2.4- and 3.5-fold higher average annual income than sole maize and sole son tra, respectively. Sole longan gave no net profit, due to high investment costs. After some years, competition developed between the crop, grass, and tree components, e.g., for nitrogen, and the farmers interviewed reported a need to adapt management practices to optimise spacing and pruning. They also reported that agroforestry enhanced ecosystem services by controlling surface runoff and erosion, increasing soil fertility and improving resilience to extreme weather. Thus, agroforestry practices with fruit trees can be more profitable than sole-crop cultivation within a few years. Integration of seasonal and fast-growing perennial plants (e.g., grass) is essential to ensure quick returns. Wider adoption needs initial incentives or loans, knowledge exchange, and market links.

scholarly journals Native insect pollinators in Apple orchards under different management practices in the Kashmir Valley

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Muzaffar Ahmad Ganie ◽  
Amit Kumar Pal ◽  
Nazeer Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
The Family ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Family Contribution

It is now clear that over use of pesticides and intensive management of orchards can lead to drastic declines in apple pollinator abundance and crop failures. During the period of study a grower’s survey was conducted to know about knowledge of farmers on native insect pollinators, pollinator management practices, their perceptions of the importance and utility of native pollinators, and their attitudes regarding pesticide application. Despite of having significant knowledge of managed pollination, only few farmers (2%) adopted supplementary methods of pollination (renting honey bee colonies, hand pollination etc.). In Pulwama, 60% of farmers had knowledge about native insect pollinators and 40% did not have any idea of native pollinators and in case of Shopian, the figures were fifty-fifty i.e. 50% had knowledge about native insect pollinators and 50% were unaware. During the period of investigation, native insect pollinators were sampled from different apple orchards under different management systems in early spring during apple flowering. A total of 17 species of insect pollinators belonging to 11 families and 3 orders_ Hymenoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera registered their occurrence at all the studied apple orchards of the Kashmir Valley. At all the study sites i.e. apple orchards under different management systems, family Halictidae and Empididae registered their presence as dominant groups. The % family contribution of the former at different orchard types decreased with increase in the intensity of the management system and the % family contribution of the later however, showed a direct relationship with the management system found, i.e. the more intense the system, the more abundant was the group. Other groups in general did not show any greater differences in abundances at different sites studied.

The Islamic gold dinar: a hedge against exchange rate volatility

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin W.H. Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Exchange Rate Volatility ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Market Volatility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sample Country ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Lower Magnitude ◽  
First Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ability of the Islamic gold dinar to hedge against two well-established foreign exchange (FX) risk factors namely, the dollar risk factor and global FX volatility innovations. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a combination of the Markowitz (1952) portfolio optimization, visual data representations and the classic Fama-Macbeth (1973) two-pass procedure regressions. Findings The findings show that the Islamic gold dinar can serve as a hedge against market volatility, outperforms a diversified currency portfolio, and through its inclusions into the diversified currency portfolio, improve said portfolio’s ability to hedge against market volatility. Research limitations/implications Due to the spread of the sample, country-specific factors could not be taken into account. Practical implications The Islamic gold dinar is a cost-efficient, cost-effective, and Shariah-compliant instrument that provides a solid hedge for investors and/or firms that have financial positions denominated in foreign currencies. Should these investors or firms find it costly to maintain a dinar-only portfolio, including the dinar into their currency portfolios also provides the same benefit, albeit at a lower magnitude. Originality/value This study is timely as the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions has recently for the first time recognized gold as a Shariah-compliant investment. The findings of this study provide the first look as to how investors and firms can benefit through the use of the Islamic gold dinar in their risk management practices.

scholarly journals What the Iberian Conquest Bequeathed to Us: The Fruit Trees Introduced in Argentine Subtropic—Their History and Importance in Present Traditional Medicine

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo C. Stampella ◽  
Daniela Alejandra Lambaré ◽  
Norma I. Hilgert ◽  
María Lelia Pochettino
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Local Diversity ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Applications

This contribution presents information about the history of introduction, establishment, and local appropriation of Eurasian fruit trees—species and varieties of the generaPrunusandCitrus—from 15th century in two rural areas of Northern Argentina. By means of an ethnobotanical and ethnohistorical approach, our study was aimed at analysing how this process influenced local medicine and the design of cultural landscape that they are still part of. As a first step, local diversity, knowledge, and management practices of these fruit tree species were surveyed. In a second moment, medicinal properties attributed to them were documented. A historical literature was consulted referring to different aspects on introduction of peaches and citric species into America and their uses in the past. The appropriation of these fruit-trees gave place to new applications and a particular status for introduced species that are seen as identitary and contribute to the definition of the communities and daily life landscapes. Besides, these plants, introduced in a relatively short period and with written record, allow the researcher to understand and to design landscape domestication, as a multidimensional result of physical, social, and symbolic environment.

scholarly journals 933Outbreak investigation of canine acquired idiopathic megaoesophagus in Australia, 2017-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Renwick ◽  
Mark Stevenson ◽  
Anke Wiethoelter ◽  
Caroline Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
First Time ◽  
Large Representative ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background VetCompass Australia collects de-identified data from primary-care, companion animal practices across Australia, providing a large, representative database. VetCompass data were used to investigate an outbreak of megaoesophagus in dogs in Australia in 2017/2018. A specific proprietary dogfood was hypothesized as the cause. Methods The instantaneous daily hazard of megaoesophagus for the period January 2012 to February 2018 was plotted using survival analyses. A case-control study focused on dog demographics and management practices was performed to determine risk factors for megaoesophagus. Results There was a 7-fold increase in the incidence rate of canine megaoesophagus from 2014 (0.11 [95% CI 0.02 to 0.58] cases per 100,000 dogs per day) to 2018 (0.82 [95% CI 0.19 to 4.2] cases per 100,000 dogs per day) with greater numbers diagnosed during summer months of the year. The odds of feeding one specific dry dogfood was 325 (95% CI 64 to 1644) times greater for cases, compared with controls. Conclusions Evidence obtained through this study strongly suggests that a specific dogfood was responsible for most cases. The food was recalled prior to completion of this research. Further investigation into incidence rates and seasonal patterns of canine megaoesophagus are ongoing. Key messages Use of aggregated, de-identified data collected across small animal practices in Australia allowed identification of trends and seasonal patterns of a rare disease in dogs for the first time and provides opportunity for surveillance of this and other companion animal diseases.

scholarly journals Maintenance, Modifications, and Water Use in Private Gardens of Alt Empordà, Spain

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Padullés Cubino ◽  
Josep Vila Subirós ◽  
Carles Barriocanal Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Domestic Gardens ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Design Property

Water scarcity in developed countries along the Mediterranean coast may be aggravated in the near future due to rising water demand. The recent growth of low-density urban developments in these regions has led to an increase in the number of private domestic gardens. These particular landscapes may account for a large proportion of total domestic water use. This article examines the features and management practices of private gardens in relation to their relative water requirements. To calculate this variable, we use a method based on the relative water needs of garden species and the area of vegetation cover. In addition, transformations in the layouts of the gardens over the last 5 years, as well as various expected changes, are assessed. In total, 258 domestic gardens along the coast of Catalonia were investigated and their owners interviewed. A list of all plants growing in the gardens was recorded. The results indicate that the presence of turf is related to professional landscaping design, property age, and swimming pool presence. Moreover, gardens with greater landscape water requirements have more efficient watering systems. We present a progressive strategy for garden restructuring that may reduce water use while increasing the number of orchards and fruit trees.

scholarly journals Management Practices of SMEs Owners in Emerging Economies: A Gender Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Nadia Laaraj ◽  
Driss Ferhane
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Emerging Country ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

The literature on management practices indicates that the company’s performance depends largely on the skills of its leader, when the intuition of the latter is based on the instruments and rational management methods. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between the gender and management practices in terms of current operations (Production, marketing, finance, …), identify the characteristics of the owner-manager of SMEs (male and female specific), and detect the points of divergence and convergence between women's and men's management. To do so, we conducted a theoretical analysis of the main concepts and indicators that allowed us to develop a research model. The analysis of the answers was based on a survey adressed to a sample of owner-managers. Our findings confirm that the personal characteristics of the owner-manager influence the management practices. The results of the comparison between the Moroccan ruling woman and man, show that there are no real differences in management style, but rather some shared values between them. This paper provides a theorical contribution on the link between the profile of owner-managers and management practices including the gender parameter. In terms of pratical contribution, it contribute to understand behavior of Moroccan SMEs owners and to show the importance of this two dimensions, the profil of owner managers and gender approach, it can be also considered as a recent study of the typical profile of owner-managers in an emerging country such as Morocco. We try, through this work, to contribute to this field of research which remains very fertile.

A case of perforation of the small intestine with worms

1938 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-207
Author(s):  
B. G. Trankovsky
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Intestinal Perforation ◽  
Medical Studies ◽  
Central Institute ◽  
First Time ◽  
Surgical Clinic

Surgeons sometimes have to deal with intestinal obstruction caused by ascaris. Helminthic ileuses are quite rare. So, according to the materials of the Obukhov hospital for 15 years, for 511 cases of operated ileuses there were only 7 cases of helminths, in 1 surgical clinic of the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Studies in Kharkov for 5 years there were 5 cases of ascaris for 65 operated ileuses. At the XIX All-Union Congress of Surgeons, Grekov reported 7 cases, Krasintsev about 1 case, Zykov about 2 cases, Mambra about 2 cases and Gregor about 1 case. If ileuses caused by roundworms are quite rare cases, then intestinal perforation with roundworms is even less common. So, in the literature at my disposal, in recent years I have not come across a single description of such a case. Therefore, I consider it interesting to describe the case of intestinal perforation, which occurred for the first time in 10 years of my work.

Occurrence of Canker and Wood Rot Pathogens on Stone Fruit Propagation Material and Nursery Trees in the Western Cape of South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhona van der Merwe ◽  
Francois Halleen ◽  
Meagan Van Dyk ◽  
Vernon Guy Jacobs ◽  
Lizel Mostert
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Nursery Trees ◽  
Propagation Material

Dieback and canker of young stone fruit trees can cause suboptimal growth and even death under severe conditions. One source of inoculum of canker pathogens could be through nursery trees harboring latent infections that would not be visible to inspections done according to the deciduous fruit scheme. The objectives of this study were to identify the canker and wood rot fungal pathogens present in nursery stone fruit trees as well as propagation material and to evaluate their pathogenicity. Isolations were made from scion and rootstock propagation material and from certified nursery stone fruit trees. The plant material sampled did not have any external symptoms. The certified nursery trees when cross-sectioned displayed brown discoloration from the pruning wound, bud union and often from the crown. Fungal species isolated were identified by sequencing of the relevant barcoding genes and phylogenetic analyses thereof. Canker and wood rot associated fungi were identified. Buds used for budding had low levels of infection, with 1.2% of dormant buds infected and 0.4% of green buds infected. The dormant rootstock shoots had canker pathogen incidence of 6.2% before it was planted in the nursery fields and increased as the ungrafted, rooted rootstock plants had 11.1% infection with canker and wood rot pathogens. Out of 1080 nursery trees, the canker and wood rot associated fungi infected 21.8% of trees. The canker causing pathogens that were isolated the most were Cadophora luteo-olivacea and Diplodia seriata. A low incidence of wood rot fungi was found with only 1.5% of nursery trees infected. In total 26 new reports of fungal species on stone fruit in South Africa were made. Of these, 22 have not been found on stone fruit world-wide. The pathogenicity trials’ results confirmed the pathogenic status of these newly reported species. All of the isolates tested formed lesions significantly longer than the control, 4 months after wound inoculation of 2-year-old shoots of two plum orchards. Lasiodiplodia theobromae was the most virulent species on both plum cultivars. The results of this research showed that nursery stone fruit trees and propagation material can harbor latent infections. Different management practices need to be evaluated to prevent these infections to ensure healthier stone fruit nursery trees.

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