scholarly journals Flood mapping employing local, regional and global scale modeling methods for the Uruguay river

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e22
Author(s):  
Maria Eduarda Pereira Alves ◽  
Fernando Mainardi Fan ◽  
Vinicius Alencar Siqueira ◽  
Leonardo Laipelt
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hand Model ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
Uruguay River ◽  
Flooded Areas

The delimitation of flooded areas is important information for natural disaster management, environmental impact prediction and for territorial planning. Flooding occurs when water levels overflow the limits of a river’s channel and seep into the floodplains. When they affect people, they are considered a natural disaster. The delimitation of a flooded area, in the occurrence of an extreme event, can be performed by using field techniques, such as mapping, surveying through the afflicted area or by taking aerial photographs. However, field survey is not a trivial task and not always does it allow for the attainment of the necessary data for a given project. For that purpose, there are various techniques that can be used to assess flood-spots. Some techniques are simpler, being based only on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and such is the case of the HAND model (Height Above Nearest Drainage), which has garnered plenty of fame recently in the process of applying delimitations to possibly flooded areas. Other techniques are more complex, like the use of hydrodynamic modeling. There are large-scale hydrologic-hydrodynamic models that simulate runoff generation and water transportation processes in the river basin from rainfall, basin, and meteorological data. This is the case of the large-scale distributed hydrological model called MGB (Modelo de Grandes Bacias), which has been developed and employed in these types of cases. However, there are no studies in the literature that compare the results produced by these multiple approaches using differing degrees of complexity and spatial scales. It was precisely to fill this gap in scientific literature that this work was developed. Featured here, for the first time, is the validation of the MGB model’s performance in two versions, one of regional scale and another of continental scale (MGB AS), in delimiting the flooded areas, compared to a satellite image of the inundation; and with two versions of the HAND model, one generated by a local study and the other by a global reference. The case study used in this validation was a major flood that occurred in the Uruguay River, near the town of Itaqui (Rio Grande do Sul), which borders Brazil and Argentina, in October 1997. The results show that the MGB model, both in the regional and the continental scales, could delimit the flooded area, with a few overestimations in the northern portion of the image. The HAND method at the local scale also allowed a mapping of the flooded area, with overestimates for more springhead-like areas in small tributaries. The HAND method at the global scale, on the other hand, proved to be inadequate for the purpose of delimiting flooded areas in this region. The leading cause is believed to be the small drainage area threshold linked to the utilized global HAND product. From the calculation of performance metrics, like hit rate, false alarm ratio and criticality index, Regional MGB was the one that most adequately expressed the extent of the flood observed in the Landsat 5 image when compared to the others, followed by MGB AS.

scholarly journals Fossil-calibrated molecular phylogeny of atlantid heteropods (Gastropoda, Pterotracheoidea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Wall-Palmer ◽  
Arie W. Janssen ◽  
Erica Goetze ◽  
Le Qin Choo ◽  
Lisette Mekkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rapid Diversification ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Phylogeny ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
Ribosomal Rrna

Abstract Background The aragonite shelled, planktonic gastropod family Atlantidae (shelled heteropods) is likely to be one of the first groups to be impacted by imminent ocean changes, including ocean warming and ocean acidification. With a fossil record spanning at least 100 Ma, atlantids have experienced and survived global-scale ocean changes and extinction events in the past. However, the diversification patterns and tempo of evolution in this family are largely unknown. Results Based on a concatenated maximum likelihood phylogeny of three genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial DNA, 28S and 18S ribosomal rRNA) we show that the three extant genera of the family Atlantidae, Atlanta, Protatlanta and Oxygyrus, form monophyletic groups. The genus Atlanta is split into two groups, one exhibiting smaller, well ornamented shells, and the other having larger, less ornamented shells. The fossil record, in combination with a fossil-calibrated phylogeny, suggests that large scale atlantid extinction was accompanied by considerable and rapid diversification over the last 25 Ma, potentially driven by vicariance events. Conclusions Now confronted with a rapidly changing modern ocean, the ability of atlantids to survive past global change crises gives some optimism that they may be able to persist through the Anthropocene.

scholarly journals Fossil-calibrated molecular phylogeny of atlantid heteropods (Gastropoda, Pterotracheoidea)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Wall-Palmer ◽  
Arie W Janssen ◽  
Erica Goetze ◽  
Le Qin Choo ◽  
Lisette Mekkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rapid Diversification ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Phylogeny ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
Ribosomal Rrna

Abstract Background: The aragonite shelled, planktonic gastropod family Atlantidae (shelled heteropods) is likely to be one of the first groups to be impacted by imminent ocean changes, including ocean warming and ocean acidification. With a fossil record spanning at least 100 Million years (Ma), atlantids have experienced and survived global-scale ocean changes and extinction events in the past. However, the diversification patterns and tempo of evolution in this family are largely unknown. Results: Based on a concatenated maximum likelihood phylogeny of three genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial DNA, 28S and 18S ribosomal rRNA) we show that the three extant genera of the family Atlantidae, Atlanta, Protatlanta and Oxygyrus, form monophyletic groups. The genus Atlanta is split into two groups, one exhibiting smaller, well ornamented shells, and the other having larger, less ornamented shells. The fossil record, in combination with a fossil-calibrated phylogeny, suggests that large scale atlantid extinction was accompanied by considerable and rapid diversification over the last 25 Ma, potentially driven by vicariance events. Conclusions: Now confronted with a rapidly changing modern ocean, the ability of atlantids to survive past global change crises gives some optimism that they may be able to persist through the Anthropocene.

scholarly journals Detailed Study of Clustering Technique In Data Mining with Principle of Data Mining

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Main Approach ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Clustering Technique

Clustering technique in data mining is a main approach to deal with the data an extraction of useful patterns and knowledge from it. Clustering is involved in the datamining process. Datamining is the way of pulling out the knowledge, information, useful patterns and a reliable data from a huge gigantic amount of raw data as per the needs of the targeted sector. In technical aspects the Data Mining is a way of finding out the useful patterns from the raw data by using the suitable techniques of statistics, Machine learning, and Database techniques. Data mining target two major aspects of extraction of meaning full pattern data for concern of large-scale for better understanding of shapes and profitable patterns of data which impacts globally and the other is small-scale which deals with the lesser impact on the global scale. This paper give a brief overview of Clustering technique under the Data mining process their features and functionality. Majorly concentrate on Clustering technique and their algorithms with the pro’s & con’s and understand the need of clustering and its importance in Data mining process. The Data mining principle is also explained briefly just to build a base to understand the techniques and their importance which has to be discussed

scholarly journals Fossil-calibrated molecular phylogeny of atlantid heteropods (Gastropoda, Pterotracheoidea)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Wall-Palmer ◽  
Arie W Janssen ◽  
Erica Goetze ◽  
Le Qin Choo ◽  
Lisette Mekkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rapid Diversification ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Phylogeny ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
Ribosomal Rrna

Abstract The aragonite shelled, planktonic gastropod family Atlantidae (shelled heteropods) is likely to be one of the first groups to be impacted by imminent ocean changes, including ocean warming and ocean acidification. With a fossil record spanning at least 100 Million years (Ma), atlantids have experienced and survived global-scale ocean changes and extinction events in the past. However, the diversification patterns and tempo of evolution in this family are largely unknown. Based on a concatenated maximum likelihood phylogeny of three genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial DNA, 28S and 18S ribosomal rRNA) we show that the three extant genera of the family Atlantidae, Atlanta, Protatlanta and Oxygyrus, form monophyletic clades. The genus Atlanta is split into two groups, one exhibiting smaller, well ornamented shells, and the other having larger, less ornamented shells. The fossil record, in combination with a fossil-calibrated phylogeny suggest that large scale atlantid extinction was accompanied by considerable and rapid diversification over the last 25 Ma, potentially driven by vicariance events. Now confronted with a rapidly changing modern ocean, the ability of atlantids to survive past global change crises gives some optimism that they may be able to persist through the Anthropocene.

scholarly journals Calculation of the River Network of Flooded Areas with a Univariate Model upon Water Posts Maximal Levels According to the Sura River SKIOVO (Scheme of Water Bodies Integrated Use and Protection) Experience

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
River Network ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Braided River ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
Flooded Areas

A method of the flooded area calculation with an invariate model of a braided river network upon maximal water levels of different expected probability known for water-measuring stations has been presented. This method application has been demonstrated in conjunction with implementation of the “Scheme of water bodies integrated use and protection” for the Sura River basin with the use of GIS-technologies and digital topographic maps of 1:100 000 scale for derivation of the relief model and the river basin network hydrodynamic model, for identification of flooded zones and protected areas on the territory of the basin.

scholarly journals Livelihood Strategy, Vulnerability, and Resilience of Farmer Household in Flooded Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Stevani Brigita ◽  
Martua Sihaloho
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Livelihood Strategy ◽  
Household Livelihood ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
Flooded Areas

Flooding is a natural disaster that provides various impacts on life, especially for the survival of farm households. Farmers in doing the farming certainly depends on the nature and weather. Floods certainly have an impact because it can make the crops decline even to the occurrence of crop failure. Facing such circumstances requires farmers' households to determine the livelihood structures undertaken and demand that farm households determine how to conduct livelihood strategies in order to maintain and improve existing livelihoods. A livelihood strategy is a person's or a group's way of meeting their needs or achieving an improvement in life. The livelihood strategies undertaken will affect the vulnerability of a household and have a relationship with the resilience of the farm household in the event of a flood disaster. Livelihood structures and livelihood strategies of farm households living in flooded areas may be different from those in other areas not experiencing crisis or flood disaster. The purpose of this research is to analyze the strategy, vulnerability and resilience of household livelihoods of farmers in flood-prone areas.Keywords : farm household, livelihood strategy, resilience, vulnerability---------------------- ABSTRAK Banjir merupakan suatu bencana alam yang memberikan berbagai dampak terhadap kehidupan, khususnya bagi keberlangsungan hidup rumahtangga petani. Petani dalam melakukan usahataninya tentunya sangat bergantung dengan keadaan alam dan cuaca sekitar. Bencana banjir tentunya memberi dampak karena dapat membuat hasil panen menurun bahkan sampai terjadinya gagal panen. Menghadapi keadaan tersebut menuntut rumahtangga petani untuk menentukan struktur nafkah yang dilakukan dan menuntut rumahtangga petani menentukan bagaimana melakukan strategi nafkah dalam upaya mempertahankan dan meningkatkan sumber nafkah yang ada. Strategi nafkah adalah cara seseorang atau kelompok untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka atau mencapai peningkatan hidup. Strategi nafkah yang dilakukan akan berpengaruh terhadap kerentanan suatu rumahtangga dan memiliki hubungan dengan ketahanan (resiliensi) rumahtangga petani dalam menghadapi situasi bencana banjir. Struktur nafkah dan strategi nafkah rumahtangga petani yang tinggal di kawasan terpapar banjir dapat saja berbeda dengan wilayah lain yang tidak mengalami situasi krisis atau bencana banjir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis strategi, kerentanan dan resiliensi nafkah rumahtangga petani di wilayah rawan bencana banjir.Kata Kunci : kerentanan, resiliensi, rumahtangga petani, strategi nafkah

Birlikte Yaşama Kültürü Çerçevesinde Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Politikaları: Suriyelilere Yönelik Tutumun Sultanbeyli Örneği Üzerinden Değerlendirilmesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
Pelin Sönmez ◽  
Abulfaz Süleymanov
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Turkish People

Türkiye, Cumhuriyet tarihinin en yoğun zorunlu göç dalgasını 2011 yılından bu yana süren Suriye Savaşı ile yaşamaktadır. Suriye vatandaşlarının geçici koruma statüsü altında Türkiye toplumuna her açıdan entegrasyonları günümüzün ve geleceğin politika öncelikleri arasında düşünülmelidir. Öte yandan ülkeye kabul edilen sığınmacıların kendi kültürel kimliğini kaybetmeden içinde yaşadığı ev sahibi topluma uyumu, ortak yaşam kültürünün gelişmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu makalede, "misafir" olarak kabul edilen Suriyeli vatandaşların Türk toplumunca kabul edilmeleri ve dışlanma risklerinin azaltılmasına yönelik devlet politikaları ortaya konularak, üye ve aday ülkelere göçmenlerin dışlanmasını önlemek için Avrupa Birliği (AB) tarafından sunulan hukuki yapı ve kamu hizmeti inisiyatifleri incelenmekte, birlikte yaşam kültürü çerçevesinde Suriyeli vatandaşlara yönelik  toplumsal kabul düzeyleri ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma iki ana bölümden oluşmaktadır: göçmen ve sığınmacılara karşı toplumsal dışlanmayı engellemek için benimsenen yasa ve uygulamaların etkisi ve İstanbul-Sultanbeyli bölgesinde Suriyeli sığınmacılarla ilgili toplumsal algı çalışmasının sonuçları. Bölgede ikamet eden Suriyelilere yönelik toplumsal kabul düzeyinin yüksek olduğu görülürken, halkın Suriyelileri kendilerine  kültürel ve dini olarak yakın hissetmesi toplumsal kabul düzeyini olumlu etkilemektedir. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHAn evaluation of the European Union and Turkish policies regarding the culture of living togetherThis article aims to determine the level of social acceptance towards Syrians within the context of cohabitation culture by evaluating EU’s legal structure and public service initiatives in order to prevent Syrian refugees from being excluded in member and candidate countries and by revealing government policies on acceptance of Syrians as “guest” by Turkish society and minimizing the exclusion risks of them. This article consists of two main parts, one of which is based on the effects of law and practices preventing refugees and asylum seekers from social exclusion, and the other is on the results of social perception on Syrians in Sultanbeyli district of Istanbul. At the end of 5-years taking in Syrian War, it is obvious that most of more than 3 million Syrian with unregistered ones in Turkey are “here to stay”. From this point of view, the primary scope of policies should be specified in order to remove side effects of refugee phenomenon seen as weighty matter by bottoming out the exclusion towards those people. To avoid possible large-scale conflicts or civil wars in the future, the struggle with exclusion phenomenon plays a crucial role regarding Turkey’s sociological situation and developing policies. In the meaning of forming a model for Turkey, a subtitle in this article is about public services for European-wide legal acquis and practices carried out since 1970s in order to prevent any exclusion from the society. On the other hand, other subtitles are about legal infrastructure and practices like Common European Asylum and Immigration Policies presented in 2005, and Law on Foreigners and International Protection introduced in 2013. In the last part of the article, the results of a field survey carried out in a district of Istanbul were used to analyze the exclusion towards refugees in Turkey. A face-to-face survey was randomly conducted with 200 settled refugees in Sultanbeyli district of Istanbul, and their perceptions towards Syrian people under temporary protection were evaluated. According to the results, the level of acceptance for Syrians living in this district seems relatively high. The fact that Turkish people living in the same district feel close to Syrian refugees culturally and religiously affect their perception in a positive way: however, it is strikingly seen and understood that local residents cop an attitude on the refugees’ becoming Turkish citizens.

HOME VISITS DURING THE FIRST MONTH OF DELIVERY FOR RECENTLY DELIVERED WOMEN IN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183-1189
Author(s):  
Dr. Tridibesh Tripathy ◽  
Dr. Umakant Prusty ◽  
Dr. Chintamani Nayak ◽  
Dr. Rakesh Dwivedi ◽  
Dr. Mohini Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Other ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Action Group ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Impact

The current article of Uttar Pradesh (UP) is about the ASHAs who are the daughters-in-law of a family that resides in the same community that they serve as the grassroots health worker since 2005 when the NRHM was introduced in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. UP is one such Empowered Action Group (EAG) state. The current study explores the actual responses of Recently Delivered Women (RDW) on their visits during the first month of their recent delivery. From the catchment area of each of the 250 ASHAs, two RDWs were selected who had a child in the age group of 3 to 6 months during the survey. The response profiles of the RDWs on the post- delivery first month visits are dwelled upon to evolve a picture representing the entire state of UP. The relevance of the study assumes significance as detailed data on the modalities of postnatal visits are available but not exclusively for the first month period of their recent delivery. The details of the post-delivery first month period related visits are not available even in large scale surveys like National Family Health Survey 4 done in 2015-16. The current study gives an insight in to these visits with a five-point approach i.e. type of personnel doing the visit, frequency of the visits, visits done in a particular week from among those four weeks separately for the three visits separately. The current study is basically regarding the summary of this Penta approach for the post- delivery one-month period.     The first month period after each delivery deals with 70% of the time of the postnatal period & the entire neonatal period. Therefore, it does impact the Maternal Mortality Rate & Ratio (MMR) & the Neonatal Mortality Rates (NMR) in India and especially in UP through the unsafe Maternal & Neonatal practices in the first month period after delivery. The current MM Rate of UP is 20.1 & MM Ratio is 216 whereas the MM ratio is 122 in India (SRS, 2019). The Sample Registration System (SRS) report also mentions that the Life Time Risk (LTR) of a woman in pregnancy is 0.7% which is the highest in the nation (SRS, 2019). This means it is very risky to give birth in UP in comparison to other regions in the country (SRS, 2019). This risk is at the peak in the first month period after each delivery. Similarly, the current NMR in India is 23 per 1000 livebirths (UNIGME,2018). As NMR data is not available separately for states, the national level data also hold good for the states and that’s how for the state of UP as well. These mortalities are the impact indicators and such indicators can be reduced through long drawn processes that includes effective and timely visits to RDWs especially in the first month period after delivery. This would help in making their post-natal & neonatal stage safe. This is the area of post-delivery first month visit profile detailing that the current article helps in popping out in relation to the recent delivery of the respondents.   A total of four districts of Uttar Pradesh were selected purposively for the study and the data collection was conducted in the villages of the respective districts with the help of a pre-tested structured interview schedule with both close-ended and open-ended questions.  The current article deals with five close ended questions with options, two for the type of personnel & frequency while the other three are for each of the three visits in the first month after the recent delivery of respondents. In addition, in-depth interviews were also conducted amongst the RDWs and a total 500 respondents had participated in the study.   Among the districts related to this article, the results showed that ASHA was the type of personnel who did the majority of visits in all the four districts. On the other hand, 25-40% of RDWs in all the 4 districts replied that they did not receive any visit within the first month of their recent delivery. Regarding frequency, most of the RDWs in all the 4 districts received 1-2 times visits by ASHAs.   Regarding the first visit, it was found that the ASHAs of Barabanki and Gonda visited less percentage of RDWs in the first week after delivery. Similarly, the second visit revealed that about 1.2% RDWs in Banda district could not recall about the visit. Further on the second visit, the RDWs responded that most of them in 3 districts except Gonda district did receive the second postnatal visit in 7-15 days after their recent delivery. Less than half of RDWs in Barabanki district & just more than half of RDWs in Gonda district received the third visit in 15-21 days period after delivery. For the same period, the majority of RDWs in the rest two districts responded that they had been entertained through a home visit.

Should all Hypertensive Patients be Screened for Primary Aldosteronism?

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Stelina Alkagiet ◽  
Konstantinos Tziomalos
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is not only a leading cause of secondary and resistant hypertension, but is also quite frequent in unselected hypertensive patients. Moreover, PA is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, which is disproportionate to BP levels. In addition, timely diagnosis of PA and prompt initiation of treatment attenuate this increased risk. On the other hand, there are limited data regarding the usefulness of screening for PA in all asymptomatic or normokalemic hypertensive patients. More importantly, until now, no well-organized, large-scale, prospective, randomized controlled trial has proved the effectiveness of screening for PA for improving clinical outcome. Accordingly, until more relevant data are available, screening for PA should be considered in hypertensive patients with spontaneous or diuretic-induced hypokalemia as well as in those with resistant hypertension. However, screening for PA in all hypertensive patients cannot be currently recommended.

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