scholarly journals Historical aspects of studying the influence of physical activity on the mental health of people

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Sergii Ivashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Joint Activities

This article presents the main results of work on the study of the issue of the historical process of improving knowledge about the influence of physical activity of a person on the level of his mental health. Based on the results of the analysis of scientific information presented in modern domestic and foreign literary sources, the conclusion was substantiated that the historical process of improving knowledge about human nature and his mental activity in recent years has reached the highest level of development. The study of the long-term experience of scientists in many countries of the world gives grounds to assert that the beginning of the process of targeted study of the effect of physical activity on human mental functions was laid back in the last century. However, scientists have achieved the most outstanding results in this area of scientific research in recent decades. The historical need for in-depth research in this scientific direction was maturing gradually and was due to the peculiarities of the course of scientific and technological progress in general. Due to the fact that it was in recent decades that many discoveries were made, which formed the basis of modern methods for studying the physiological state of a person and his intellectual functions, there was obvious progress in the study of the mental health of persons whose central nervous system works under conditions of extreme intellectual and psycho-emotional stress. Scientists working in the field of physical education and sports, in collaboration with scientists in the field of education and health, have significantly intensified their joint activities and developed modern complexes of measures aimed at studying the mental health of students and representatives of the teaching staff of state institutions of higher education. This contingent of the subjects was not chosen by chance. The fact is that the learning process in higher education institutions is associated with intense loads on the central nervous system of both students and teachers, as well as on some of their senses (in particular, on the visual and auditory analyzers).

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE MOTOR ACTIVITY REGIME OF HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS ON THEIR MENTAL HEALTH

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
S. N. Ivaschenko
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
World Health

Introduction. This article presents the results of a study aimed at studying the influence of the motor activity regime of young people studying in higher education institutions on their mental health. The aim of the study. Considering that, according to the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), the meaning of the term "Human health" is interpreted as the state of its complete physical, mental and social well-being, mental health of a person should be understood as an integral part of health, which is determined by the following indicators: the absence of pathological changes in the body, the ability to fully perform physiological functions, the stability of the processes of interaction with the physical and social environment. Materials and methods. In conditions of mental health, a person is capable of an adequate response to stressful situations, productive activity and the performance of certain social functions. In addition, she is capable of controlling her own emotional state, developing relationships with others, and assimilating new knowledge and practical skills. Education in institutions of higher education is a complex and responsible process associated with an intense impact on the central nervous system of a person. Therefore, the control of mental health indicators during the educational process in higher education institutions is an important condition for preserving the resource of professional health of both teachers and students. Results and discussion. Students perceive most of the educational information with the help of visual and auditory analyzers. Therefore, the dynamic control of the functional state of these analyzers in the learning process in higher education institutions is extremely important. First of all, you need to investigate the initial state of the visual and auditory analyzers before starting the learning process. For this, special medical research techniques and appropriate equipment should be used. Those students who have certain deviations in the state of the visual or auditory analyzers (myopia, farsightedness, astigmatism, hearing loss) should be taken on special account and periodically monitored for changes in the state of their analyzers during the educational process. For these students, it is necessary to establish individual regulations for visual and auditory loads and constantly monitor their strict observance. In addition, individual algorithms of daily physical activity should be developed for all students, since it is this aspect of a person's functional activity that plays an important role in maintaining the optimal state of his mental health. Conclusions. Our research has shown that the development and implementation of methods for maintaining the mental health of students and stimulating the cognitive functions of their central nervous system into the daily activities of higher educational institutions contribute to improving the quality of training of specialists and ensure their ability to effectively work in their chosen specialty.

Heterogeneity and Proliferative and Differential Regulators of NG2-glia in Physiological and Pathological States

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (37) ◽  
pp. 6384-6406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuo Zhang ◽  
Hongli Zhou ◽  
Jiyin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Peripheral Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Synapses ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Rapid Modulation

NG2-glia, also called Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPCs), account for approximately 5%-10% of the cells in the developing and adult brain and constitute the fifth major cell population in the central nervous system. NG2-glia express receptors and ion channels involved in rapid modulation of neuronal activities and signaling with neuronal synapses, which have functional significance in both physiological and pathological states. NG2-glia participate in quick signaling with peripheral neurons via direct synaptic touches in the developing and mature central nervous system. These distinctive glia perform the unique function of proliferating and differentiating into oligodendrocytes in the early developing brain, which is critical for axon myelin formation. In response to injury, NG2-glia can proliferate, migrate to the lesions, and differentiate into oligodendrocytes to form new myelin sheaths, which wrap around damaged axons and result in functional recovery. The capacity of NG2-glia to regulate their behavior and dynamics in response to neuronal activity and disease indicate their critical role in myelin preservation and remodeling in the physiological state and in repair in the pathological state. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of the characteristics of NG2-glia, including their heterogeneity, the regulators of their proliferation, and the modulators of their differentiation into oligodendrocytes.

scholarly journals Neurological and mental health consequences of COVID-19: potential implications for well-being and labor force

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I B Meier ◽  
C Vieira Ligo Teixeira ◽  
I Tarnanas ◽  
F Mirza ◽  
L Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Protection

Abstract Recent case studies show that the SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease, COVID-19, is associated with accelerated decline of mental health, in particular, cognition in elderly individuals, but also with neurological and neuropsychiatric illness in young people. Recent studies also show a bidirectional link between COVID-19 and mental health in that people with previous history of psychiatric illness have a higher risk for contracting COVID-19 and that COVID-19 patients display a variety of psychiatric illnesses. Risk factors and the response of the central nervous system to the virus show large overlaps with pathophysiological processes associated with Alzheimer’s disease, delirium, post-operative cognitive dysfunction and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, all characterized by cognitive impairment. These similarities lead to the hypothesis that the neurological symptoms could arise from neuroinflammation and immune cell dysfunction both in the periphery as well as in the central nervous system and the assumption that long-term consequences of COVID-19 may lead to cognitive impairment in the well-being of the patient and thus in today’s workforce, resulting in large loss of productivity. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to neurological protection during treatment and recovery of COVID-19, while cognitive consequences may require monitoring.

Pesticides

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA Y. CABRERA
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mental Function ◽  
Molecular Systems ◽  
Chemical Exposures ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract:There is growing evidence about the influence of chemical exposures on specific molecular systems and mechanisms involved in cognitive and mental function. Evidence is also emerging about the negative impact of these chemical exposures on mental health, including depression, suicide, and other risks. Despite the growing appreciation of these factors, however, little attention has been paid to the ethical and social implications of their interactions. Drawing on recent work that argues for an environmental neuroethics approach that explicitly brings together ethics, environment, and conditions of the central nervous system, this article focuses on these critical issues for pesticides specifically.

Can irisin be a linker between physical activity and brain function?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Weizhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation ◽  
Neuronal Functions ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIrisin was initially discovered as a novel hormone-like myokine released from skeletal muscle during exercise to improve obesity and glucose dysfunction by stimulating the browning of white adipose tissue. Emerging evidence have indicated that irisin also affects brain function. FNDC5 mRNA and FNDC5/irisin immunoreactivity are present in various regions of the brain. Central irisin is involved in the regulation of neural differentiation and proliferation, neurobehavior, energy expenditure and cardiac function. Elevation of peripheral irisin level stimulates hippocampal genes related to neuroprotection, learning and memory. In this brief review, we summarize the current understanding on neuronal functions of irisin. In addition, we discuss the pros and cons for this molecule as a potential messenger mediating the crosstalk between skeletal muscle and central nervous system during exercise.

A Review on Coronaviruses: The Infectious Agent to Animals and Human

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
NiLuh Putu Indi Dharmayanti ◽  
Diana Nurjanah
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
The World

Coronavirus is a non-segmented, positive-stranded RNA virus with four main structural proteins, namely Spike (S), Membrane (M), Envelope (E), and Nucleocapsid (N) proteins. Coronavirus can cause diseases in the respiratory and digestive tract, as well as in central nervous system of animals and humans. There are four genera in the Orthocoronavirinae subfamily, including <em>Alphacoronavirus</em>, <em>Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus</em>, and <em>Deltacoronavirus</em>. <em>Alphacoronavirus </em>and <em>Betacoronavirus </em>are commonly found in mammals, while <em>Gammacoronavirus </em>and <em>Deltacoronavirus </em>are found to infect  birds and mammals. Until 2018, zoonoses coronaviruses consisted of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Coronavirus became worldwide concern after it was identified as the cause of the pneumonia outbreak occurred at the end of 2019 in China. The coronavirus is associated with the fish market in Wuhan, then the disease is called COVID-19 (Coronavirus Infectious Diseases-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2. Virus SARS-CoV-2 has infected &gt;1.6 million people around the world and until the end of March 2020, it caused more than 99.000 deaths including 3.512 cases with the total number of deaths to 306 in Indonesia. This paper discusses Coronavirus and scientific information related to Coronaviruses in which several variants are zoonoses.

scholarly journals Management of mental health disorders and central nervous system sequelae in HIV-positive children and adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Nassen ◽  
K Donald ◽  
K Walker ◽  
S Paruk ◽  
M Vujovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Impact

HIV-positive children and adolescents are at increased risk of both central nervous system (CNS) sequelae and mental disorders owing to a number of factors, including the impact of HIV infection on the brain, social determinants of health (e.g. poverty and orphanhood) and psychosocial stressors related to living with HIV. Every effort should be made to identify perinatally HIV-infected children and initiate them on antiretroviral therapy early in life. HIV clinicians should ideally screen for mental health and neurocognitive problems, as part of the routine monitoring of children attending antiretroviral clinics. This guideline is intended as a reference tool for HIV clinicians to support the early identification, screening and management of mental health disorders and/or CNS impairment in children and adolescents. This guideline covers mental disorders (section 1) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (section 2) among children and adolescents.  

The role of metabolites and the role of histo-hematological barriers in the regulation of body functions. (End)

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-532
Author(s):  
L. S. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
The State ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Physiological Systems

Evaluation of the results obtained in the study of the effect of cerebrospinal fluid on various physiological systems is complicated by the fact that the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid depends to a large extent on the state of the blood-brain barrier, and thus reflects not only a certain physiological state of the central nervous system. There is no doubt that the metabolic products of the brain, secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid, exert their effect not only on the activity of various parts of the brain and on the coordination of their functions, but due to the rapid transition of these substances from the cerebrospinal fluid into the general circulation, they also affect as a humoral a factor on the function of other physiological systems, as it was revealed in a number of experiments carried out in recent years in our laboratories. For example, it turned out that under various influences (direct irritation of the central nervous system in experimental epilepsy, irritation of the sensory nerves associated with severe pain, traumatic shock, toxemic or chemical shock, as well as starvation, prolonged insomnia, etc.) - substances appear in the cerebrospinal fluid that affect the state and activity of the cardiovascular system, the tone of smooth muscles, the excitability of the central nervous system, etc. These are the results of the work of our employees: Zeitlin, Weiss, Harles, Voskresensky, Gromakovskaya , Bazarova, Gotsman, Komarova and others. Work in this direction continues at the present time.

Some Experiments in the Chemistry of Normal Sleep

1966 ◽  
Vol 112 (485) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Oswald ◽  
G. W. Ashcroft ◽  
R. J. Berger ◽  
D. Eccleston ◽  
J. I. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Reticular Activating System ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Biochemical State ◽  
The Brain

Sleep is essential for physical and mental health. In the last 15 years there has grown up the concept of the brain stem reticular activating system. Electroencephalographic studies have shown two qualitatively different and alternating kinds of sleep, the orthodox (“slow wave”, or “forebrain“) and the paradoxical (”hind-brain“, “rapid eye movement”, “activated“, or “dreaming”) phases (Akert et al., 1965). It may be predicted that in the next decade attention will turn increasingly to the chemical basis of sleep. If a man is deprived of sleep for 100 hours, it is extremely difficult to keep him awake and one may suppose that an abnormal biochemical state exists within his central nervous system.

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