scholarly journals Studies on energy metabolism in swine. II. Heat production in piglets at fasting.

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Sumimaro ITOH ◽  
Yashio KURIHARA ◽  
Shuhei IKEDA ◽  
Shin-ichi SUZUKI ◽  
Seiji SUKEMORI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Heat Production

scholarly journals Metabolism of propane-1:2-diol infused into the rumen of sheep

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Clapperton ◽  
J. W. Czerkawski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Total Volatile

1. Propane-1:2-diol (loog/d) was infused through a cannula into the rumen of sheep receiving a ration of hay and dried grass. The concentration of volatile fatty acids, propanediol, lactic acid and of added polyethylene glycol, and the pH of the rumen contents were measured. The energy metabolism of the sheep was also determined.2. Most of the propanediol disappeared from the rumen within 4 h of its infusion. The infusion of propanediol resulted in a 10% decrease in the concentration of total volatile acids; the concentration of acetic acid decreased by about 30%, that of propionic acid increased by up to 60% and there was no change in the concentration of butyric acid.3. The methane production of the sheep decreased by about 9% after the infusion of propanediol and there were increases in the oxgyen consumption, carbon dioxide production and heat production of the animals; each of these increases was equivalent to about 40% of the theoretical value for the complete metabolism of 100 g propanediol.4. It is concluded that, when propanediol is introduced into the rumen, a proportion is metabolized in the rumen and a large proportion is absorbed directly. Our thanks are due to Dr J. H. Moore for helpful discussions, to Mr D. R. Paterson, Mr J. R. McDill and Mr C. E. Park for looking after the animals and to Miss K. M. Graham, Miss A. T. McKay and Mrs C. E. Ramage for performing the analyses.

Energy metabolism of oiled muskrats

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1057-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. McEwan ◽  
N. Aitchison ◽  
P. E. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Thermal Conduction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Feeding Activities

The heat production of muskrats (Ondatra zibethica), oiled with varying quantities of crude oil, was measured at three ambient temperatures, −5, 5, and 10C on days 0, 1, and 3 after oiling. On day 0, the heat production of muskrats oiled with 1.9 to 42.3 g of oil was from 14 to 119% higher, respectively, than the non-oiled muskrats. Three days after oiling, the metabolic rate of oiled muskrats was about the same as the control values. A similar trend was determined for ambient temperatures of 5 and 10C. Heavy oiling increased the thermal conduction of muskrats by as much as 122%. To compensate for the loss of insulation and increased thermal conductivity of the fur, there was a 2.5-fold increase in dry-matter intake. In view of their dependence on water, both for feeding activities and a place for refuge, it is doubtful if muskrats exposed to moderate quantities of oil could survive under natural conditions.

Responses of young calves to low ambient temperatures at two levels of feeding

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Schrama ◽  
A. Arieli ◽  
M. J. W. Heetkamp ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

AbstractSeven groups of five or six Holstein-Friesian male calves were transported to an experimental farm at 2 to 3 days of age. At 6 days of age, heat production (HP) and metabolizable energy (ME) intake were measured for an 8-day period. During this period, calves were exposed to various ambient temperatures: 6, 9, 12 and 15°C. Ambient temperature was constant within days, but changed between days. Calves were fed below (four groups) or near (three groups) the maintenance requirements (290 or 460 kJ ME per kg M0·75 per day).From 6 to 14 days of age the lower critical temperature (Tc) was 12·5°C and HP increased by 8·4 kJ/kg M0·75 per day per °Cfall in ambient temperature below Tc. Both Tc and increase in HP below Tc were not affected by feeding level. Rectal temperature was lower at low ambient temperatures. The decrease in rectal temperature with ambient temperature was greatest at the low feeding level.During the experimental period, calves were not in a steady-state regarding energy metabolism. Heat production decreased with time. This decrease was affected by feeding level and ambient temperature. After arrival, the influence of both ambient temperature and feeding level on the energy metabolism of young calves increased with time.

Body glucose as fuel in white rats exposed to cold: results with fasted rats

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Depocas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose ◽  
Fasted Rats

Concentration of glycogen in liver and muscle of warm- and cold-acclimated rats was measured during fasting at 30 or 6 C. The biokinetics of glucose were then studied by priming and continuous infusion with C14-labeled glucose in 24-hr-fasted rats exposed to 30, 18, and 6 C. In warm-acclimated rats at 18 and 6 C there were higher rates of turnover and oxidation of glucose than at 30 C and the ratio of rates of oxidation to turnover increased, but glucose concentration in plasma, volume of distribution of glucose, and proportion of respiratory CO2 derived from glucose remained constant in the three environments. Cold-acclimated rats at 6 C had higher values of glucose concentration in plasma, of volume of distribution of glucose, and a slightly higher rate of turnover of glucose than warm-acclimated rats at 6 C. Gluconeogenesis thus can satisfy the elevated glucose requirement in the cold, and the fasted rat increases its heat production by an increase in glucose oxidation proportionate to the increase in energy metabolism as does the nonfasted animal.

Effect of energy intake on protein and energy metabolism of boars of high genetic potential for lean growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Rao ◽  
K. J. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Genetic Potential

ABSTRACTTwo experiments were conducted each using one batch of six Landrace littermate, entire male, pedigree pigs in a Latin-square change-over study of the effects of energy intake on nitrogen and energy metabolism over the range 33 to 88 kg live weight. One animal from each litter was slaughtered at 33 kg body weight to obtain initial body composition data. Five feeding levels (80, 100, 120, 140 and 160g/kg M0·63) were used during five consecutive metabolism trials each of 11-days duration, excreta being collected during the last 7 days. The pigs were housed in individual metabolism cages and the diets were offered in liquid form (approx. 300 g dry matter (DM) per kg) twice daily at 09.00 and 16.00 h. Heat production was measured for 1 day during each balance period in an open-circuit respiration chamber. The average daily gain, nitrogen retention, heat production and energy retention increased linearly (P < 0·001) with increasing metabolizable energy (ME) intake. The relationship between energy intake and protein deposition was linear up to levels above the normal ad libitum consumption of energy. Protein deposition potential of these high genetic potential pigs was at least 200 g/day, and tended to be constant between 35 and 85 kg live weight. From the combined results of experiments 1 and 2, the energy requirement for maintenance was 0·982 MJ ME per kg M0·63 per day and the decrease in protein deposition was approximately 6 g/MJ reduction in ME within the range of practical energy intakes.

Responses of young calves, on two levels of feeding, to transportation

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Schrama ◽  
M. J. W. Heetkamp ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen ◽  
W. G. P. Schouten ◽  
F. van der Veen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe effect of transportation on energy metabolism in young calves was assessed at two feeding levels by indirect calorimetry during a 5·5-day experimental period. Twenty-six Holstein-Friesian male calves were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Calves were fed below or near the maintenance requirements (270 or 420 k) metabolizable energy per kg M0·75 per day). At 5 days of age, 13 calves were transported. The applied transportation procedure was aimed to mimic common transport of young calves. The other 13 calves were controls. Metabolizability of dietary energy was low (0·808), but similar for control and transported calves. Despite the similar salivary cortisol concentrations after transportation, heat production was higher by 23 kJ/kg M0·75 per day in transported than in control calves. Calves were not in a steady-state regarding their energy metabolism. Heat production decreased with time. Both transportation and feeding level influenced the decline in heat production with time. Only during the first 3 days after transportation was heat production enhanced, suggesting a relatively short-term effect of transportation in young calves. The impact of transportation on heat production and time related alterations in heat production were not related to the calfs activity.

Environmental temperature, energy metabolism and heat regulation in sheep. III. The metabolism and thermal exchanges of sheep with fleeces

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Blaxter ◽  
N. McC. Graham ◽  
F. W. Wainman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Slight Rise

1. Fifteen calorimetric experiments were made with three sheep which had fleeces varying in thickness from 2·5 to 12 cm. All sheep received a constant ration, which corresponded in amount and kind to that given to closely clipped sheep in previous experiments (Graham et al. 1958).2. The metabolizable energy of the food increased with increasing environmental temperature by 2–3 Cal./24 hr./° C.3. Heat production remained constant throughout the range of 15–35° C. environmental temperature. Above 35° C. an increase occurred. At 11° C. a slight rise in heat production occurred in the sheep with a 2·5 cm. fleece. These results show that sheep with fleeces, in contrast to closely clipped sheep, have very wide thermoneutral zones.4. Heat losses by vaporization of water converged to an identical value irrespective of fleece length at 40° C. The rate of increase of vaporization with environmental temperature at lower temperatures decreased as the fleece length increased.5. Respiratory frequencies for given total watervapour losses were the same whether or not the sheep had a fleece.

Energy metabolism of barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus)

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. McEwan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Barren Ground ◽  
Production Values ◽  
The Mean

The heat production of two caribou, during fasting, 91 kcal and 102 kcal/W0.75 per 24 h, was 20 to 30% higher than the quoted interspecific mean of 70 kcal/W0.75 per 24 h. The mean heat production values of two female caribou at the maintenance level of feeding were 107.0 kcal and 124.5 kcal/W0.75 per 24 h.

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