scholarly journals La protección de la lengua castellana en el marco del multiparlamentarismo autonómico: el acceso a la información pública en español en la web oficial de los Parlamentos autonómicos // The protection of the Spanish language in the framework of the regional parliaments: the access in Spanish to the public information on their official websites

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (102) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Ainhoa Uribe Otalora
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Good Government ◽  
Estudio De Caso

Resumen:La Constitución española establece en su artículo 3 que el castellano es la lengua oficial del Estado, al tiempo que reconoce la existencia de un plurilingüismo. Sin embargo, existen territorios donde los ciudadanos se enfrentan a una situación desigual a la hora de emplear el castellano como lengua vehicular. Esta situación es aún más grave si la desigualdad procede de los poderes públicos. El artículo es un estudio de caso del acceso a la información pública en lengua castellana, no en vano, junto al mandato del artículo 3 CE, el artículo 9 CE obliga a los poderes públicos a publicar las normas (lo que supone publicarlas también en español), al tiempo que el principio de publicidad se vio reforzado por la aprobación de la Ley 19/2013, de 9 de diciembre, de Transparencia, Acceso a la Información Pública y Buen Gobierno, y por las respectivas leyes de transparencia autonómicas, que regulan el acceso de los ciudadanos a la información pública. Dicho acceso a la documentación de carácter público debe hacerse, por ende, en la lengua oficial del país, así como en las lenguas cooficiales en sus respectivos territorios. Por ello, el artículo analiza el mayor o menor grado de acceso en lengua castellana a los documentos que publican ensu página web los distintos parlamentos autonómicos, sean de naturaleza legal, política, económica o de otro tipo. En consecuencia, aquí se realiza un estudio de caso centrado en las seis Cámaras autonómicas con lenguas cooficiales, para verificar el grado de cumplimiento del artículo 3 CE, el artículo 9 CE, y el el artículo 12 de la Ley 19/2013, de 9 de diciembre, de transparencia, acceso a la información pública y buen gobierno. Son los siguientes: 1) El Parlamento Vasco (Eusko Legebiltzarra); 2) el Parlamento Navarro (Nafarroako Parlamentua); 3) el Parlamento Catalán (Parlament de Catalunya); 4) el Parlamento Valenciano (Corts Valencianes); 5) el Parlamento de Baleares (Parlament de les Illes Balears); y 6) el Parlamento Gallego (Parlamento de Galicia). El objetivo último de la presente investigación es abordar unas conclusiones que permitan fortalecer y hacer cumplir el mandato constitucional, así como permitir a los ciudadanos hacer uso de su lengua oficial.Summary:I. Introduction: Approach of the Study Object. II. Legal Approach to the question. 2.1. The article 3 of the Constitution: background and meaning. 2.2. The constitutional principles of multilinguism. 2.3. The regional legal framework of bilingualism 2.4. Jurisprudence on the Spanish language. 2.5. The right to get access to law and public information in Spanish language. III. The praxis of the regional parliaments in the compliance with the article 3CE, the art. 9 CE, and the art. 12 of the Act of Transparency. IV. Conclusions. V. Bibliography.Abstract:The Spanish Constitution establishes in the article 3 that the Spanish is the official language of the State. It also enshrines the existence of mutilinguism in the country. However, there are some territories where citizens face inequalities when using Spanish as their mother tongue. This situation is even harder if the inequalities come from public powers. The article focuses on the citizens’ access to public information in Spanish. In fact, not only the Spanish is the official language (art. 3 CE), but also the article 9 of the Constitution forces the public authorities to publish laws (which means also to publish them in Spanish), as well as the Act of Transparency, Access to Public Information and Good Government (Ley 19/2013) enables citizens to get access to public information (which means to access to the documents also in Spanish). Hence, the articleanalyses the level of public access in Spanish to the documents uploaded on the websites of the regional parliaments. Therefore, it is a case study focused on the six regional parliaments with more than one official language. They are the following ones: 1) The Basque Parliament (Eusko Legebiltzarra); 2) the Parliament of Navarra (Nafarroako Parlamentua); 3) the Parliament of Catalonia (Parlament de Catalunya); 4) the Valencian Parliament (Corts Valencianes); 5) the Parliament of the Balearic Islands (Parlament de les Illes Balears); and 6) the Galician Parliament (Parlamento de Galicia). It will study the level of compliance with the article 3 and 9 of the Constitution and the article 12 of the Act of Transparency, Access to Public Information and Good Government (Ley 19/2013). The aim of the article is to get to conclusions that enable the legislator to strengthen and force the compliance with the constitutional mandate, as well as to empower citizens to use the official language.

scholarly journals CONSULTATIONS WITH THE PUBLIC AND STUDY OF PUBLIC OPINION AS ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
В. О. Кінзбурська
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Competitive Selection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
Public Consultations ◽  
Public Monitoring

In the article the author defines the list of administrative procedures of interaction of state bodies with the public, which includes the procedures that arise in connection with: 1) public consultations (organization and conduct of public discussions of regulations); 2) the study of public opinion; 3) involvement of the public in the work of commissions established under public authorities; 4) exercising public control and supervision; 5) carrying out information activities of state bodies (publication of public information about the work of state bodies, providing answers to public requests for information); 6) activities of public councils in terms of interaction with state bodies (conducting public consultations, conducting public monitoring, holding meetings of the public council and making decisions of a recommendatory nature); 7) submission of appeals and requests for information (application of administrative procedures). The author analyzes some administrative procedures of interaction of state bodies with the public, namely: conducting public consultations and studying public opinion. The key features of the administrative procedure of public consultations are identified, which include: its dual form of implementation, as such consultations can be carried out both in person and via the Internet; availability of mandatory and optional stages; close connection with other administrative procedure related to the implementation of information activities of public authorities; obligatory documentation of the result in the form of a report, and in case of a face-to-face consultation with the public, also a protocol; the possibility of initiating this procedure by both entities government agencies and civil society institutions. It is noted that the administrative procedure for the study of public opinion is similar to the general administrative procedure for public consultation, but has its differences, in particular: it is initiated exclusively by state bodies (executive authorities); has no optional stages; provides for competitive selection among the subjects of public opinion polls, ie in fact it is a different administrative procedure for competitive selection; does not require logging, and the main document for the implementation of such a procedure is a report.

Public Access to Environmental Information Held by Private Companies

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzuazo Etemire
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Public ◽  
Utility Companies ◽  
Water Companies

The pervading thought in England and Wales has been that private utility companies such as water-only companies (WOCs) and water and sewage companies (WASCs) were public authorities under the 2004 Environmental Information Regulations (EIR) and so were subject to the regime. However, on 23 November 2010, on appeal, the Upper Tribunal delivered a judgment in the case of Smartsource Drainage & Water Report Ltd v The Information Commissioner and 19 Water Companies to the effect that WOCs and WASCs were not public authorities under the EIR. This decision potentially puts certain important environmental information out of public reach in England and Wales. This paper briefly addresses the contextual issues of the advancement of the public's right to access environmental information into the domain of the private sector and why the public needs to be able to access environmental information directly from private companies and not just from government regulators. Primarily, however, this paper reinforces the case for wide public access to environmental information held by private companies mainly through counter-arguments raised to demonstrate the lack of purposive and contextual interpretation by the Upper Tribunal, in the Smartsource case, of the relevant provisions of the EIR (i.e., Regulation 2(2)(c) and (d)). It concludes with a possible legislative solution to help clarify the import of the relevant EIR provision.

scholarly journals Risks of Social Communications of Public Administrative Bodies with Regard to Manifestations of Corruption

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Anatolii N. Balashov ◽  
Andrii M. Lyseiuk ◽  
Ivan I. Bashta ◽  
Anastasiia D. Shtelmashenko ◽  
Andrii V. Mykoliuk
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Public Information ◽  
General Level ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Communications

The article has analyzed reasons and the current state of corruption risks in the system of social communications of public administrative bodies. The aim of the study is to identify and analyze corruption risks in the system of public communication to eliminate the causes and terms of their emerging. The article is of an overview nature, and it is prepared based on the approach of the content analysis of scientific literature on the topic, analytical reports of international organizations, international projects, the authors’ analysis of sites and information portals of public authorities, and vectors of public information policy. A significant potential of corruption to destroy the trust in public institutions has been emphasized. This process will tend to weaken the state’s ability to fight against corruption. By using the methodological approach “agent – patron” (agent’s dilemma), it has been proved that a substantial increase in corruption processes causes considerable changes in the institutional design of public organizations. It is transforming the nature of the entire public administration system in the direction far from the public interest. This state of affairs demands the scientific community to develop theoretical and practical works offering a modern approach to the problem of countering corruption and, in particular, its institutional forms and mechanisms. The dynamics of corruption connections and relations distort the institutional design in the system of public administration, destroying effective social communications, decreasing a general level of citizens’ trust in power structures, contributing to the concentration of financial and economic assets in a very limited part of the society. The developed e-government has a great potential for countering corruption threats in general, provided the high level of information and communication competency of public authorities, and the developed information competency of citizens. Generalization of the work will be useful for public authorities during implementation processes of the comprehensive system of activities directed at prevention and fighting against corruption and planning while anti-corruption reform implementation, delivery of legal, social, economic, organizational, managerial, and practical activities aiming at corruption prevention through improvement and the further development of social communication in the public sector.

scholarly journals The Legal Framework for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in Cameroon by Non-Governmental Organisations

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Alvine Longla Boma
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Right

Civil Society organisations play key roles in African countries. This is not an exception in the Cameroonian dispensation. Indeed, the existence and operation of civil societies in this jurisdiction is legitimated by a 1990 law allowing the free formation of associations. Even though the state has the primary obligation to promote and protect human rights, there also exists a plethora of associations with the same interest. This paper is motivated by the state’s wanton failure in ensuring the enjoyment and fulfilment of the right. For one thing, the state has maintained a stronghold on the Civil Society through legislation which gives public authorities a leverage over human rights defenders. Moreover, an analysis of existing legal and institutional frameworks available to allow human rights non-governmental organisations thrive, leaves much to be desired. Findings reveal that though there are adequate laws and institutions which ensure the creation and functioning of Civil Society organisations in Cameroon, there are also contradictory laws which give the public authority an edge over these organisations and allow them to sanction the activities of some human rights defenders under the guise of maintaining public order. We argue that there should be adequate protection offered to human rights defenders as well as the relaxation of laws permitting public authorities to illegally sanction the activities of relevant non-governmental organisations.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF INSTITUTIONS OF A CIVIL SOCIETY ON ETHNOPOLITICAL PROCESSES DURING THE SYSTEMIC TRANSFORMATION OF RUSSIAN SOCIETIES (On the materials of Kabardino-Balkariya and Karachaevo-Circassia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
A I Tetuev
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Social Associations

The author of the article considers the process of formation and development of civil society institutions in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia and their influence on ethno-political processes at various stages of modernization reforms in the post-Soviet Russia, analyzes the formation of regulatory and legal framework of non-commercial organization, the stages of development and the structure of civil society institutions in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. The article covers activity of public authorities, local government and social associations of the republics during the period of growth of centrifugal tendencies in the North Caucasus. The author analyzes attempts to realize various forms of self-determination, to conduct administrative and territorial transformations and considers the factors that negatively affect the ethno-political situation in the region. The author of the article presents the activity of republican institutions of civil society: public chambers, cultural and national centers and associations, youth and religious organizations, mass media, and studies the experience of public chambers in holding meetings where topical issues of socio-economic and public life of the republics were discussed, including those aimed at strengthening of ethno-political stability in the region. An effective form of taking into account the public opinion while developing management decisions is the participation of the Public Chamber in conducting public expertise of draft federal and regional laws. Special mention should be made of the activities of the Public Chamber for prevention of religious extremism. The work on generalization of the activities of religious associations for implementation of social programs and projects aimed at increasing the level of culture of interconfessional and interethnic tolerance among young people is to solve this problem. At the same time, there are some factors that impede the development of civil society institutions in the region. First of all, it is low social activity of citizens and the absence of principled civic position on a number of crucial issues. In conclusion, the author determines main perspective directions of the development of civil society institutions in the region.

Does Public Access Imply Ubiquitous or Immediate? Issues Surrounding Public Documents Online

2008 ◽  
pp. 3352-3365
Author(s):  
David W. Miller ◽  
Andrew Urbaczewski ◽  
Wm. David Salisburg
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Public Records ◽  
The Public ◽  
Individual Privacy ◽  
Ubiquitous Access ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Access To Documents

In the information age, various entities (e.g., citizens or business concerns) are now able to access and gather large amounts of publicly available information online, which has obvious benefits. However, there are perhaps unfavorable consequences to this information gathering, and little attention has been paid to these. This chapter highlights the various issues that are created by having unfettered access to documents online, as well as the ability of citizens and investigators to compile databases of personal information on individuals. We cite existing laws to support the position of having limits on the freedom of access, and we propose several strategies for consideration in balancing the rights of the public to access public information while yet protecting and celebrating individual privacy. While the majority of this paper deals with American laws and history, international examples are also noted. In the post-9/11 world, a great deal of reasonable concern has been raised by governmental information gathering. We suggest that equal attention should be paid to ubiquitous access to public records, even by individuals and non-government agencies, and potential concerns for individual privacy that this access might raise.

14. Administrative justice: tribunals, ombudsmen, and public inquiries

Public Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 559-619
Author(s):  
John Stanton ◽  
Craig Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Inquiry ◽  
Good Government ◽  
Administrative Justice ◽  
Public Bodies

This chapter discusses the concept of administrative justice. The complexity and scale of modern government means that it is inevitable that sometimes things will go wrong. Public bodies make hundreds of thousands of decisions each year. Sometimes, the pressures of making thousands of decisions on finite resources mean that public bodies may not treat members of the public appropriately and not fulfil the aims of good government. When things go wrong, some will wish to challenge decisions made by the public authorities. Although such disputes are usually resolved by the courts applying the principles of judicial review, alternatives such as statutory tribunals, the ombudsman, and public inquiry provide other ways to challenge decisions made by public bodies. These three procedures form the basis of the system of administrative justice.

scholarly journals Ética pública & buen gobierno

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Manjarrez
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Ethical Aspect ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Servant ◽  
The Social ◽  
Good Government ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
The Government

Key words: Public ethics, good government, civil servant, corruption.Abstract. Modern societies demand governments promoting equitable and sustainable development and combating corruption. In the different areas of the public administration, factors such as transparency, efficiency, effectiveness, accountability, economy, human rights and respect to the legal framework are of great relevance for a good government. In Mexico it is necessary to reinforce the ethical aspect in the public administration to diminish the level of corruption. The ethical behavior of the public servant is related to integrity, honesty,transparency, expertise and leadership, it is part of the social capital of a country and a necessary condition to a good government and to eradicate corruption. It is essential to establish efficient systems, programs and mechanisms to promote the importance of ethics in government and society. Finally, society must vote to punish or reward the government performance, recognize its social duties and rights, demand the equal exercise of the law andalways act ethically.Palabras clave: Ética pública, buen gobierno, servidor público, corrupción.Resumen. Las sociedades modernas exigen gobiernos promotores de un desarrollo sustentable y equitativo y que disminuyan la corrupción. En las diversas áreas de la administración pública destacan los siguientes factores como elementos clave de un buen gobierno: transparencia, eficiencia, eficacia, austeridad, rendición de cuentas, respeto a los derechos humanos y legalidad. En México es necesario reforzar la ética pública para abatir los altos niveles de corrupción. El comportamiento ético del servidor público se relaciona conintegridad, honestidad, transparencia, capacidad y liderazgo, es parte del capital social de un país y condición necesaria para mejorar el servicio que ofrecen los gobiernos y para abatir la corrupción. Es imprescindible establecer sistemas, programas y mecanismos eficientes que promuevan la importancia de la ética pública. Finalmente, se destaca que la sociedad debe premiar o castigar en las urnas el desempeño del gobierno; ejercer sus derechos y cumplir con sus obligaciones sociales; exigir la aplicación indiscriminada de la ley y; observar, entodo momento, un comportamiento ético.

scholarly journals The Role of Public Authorities During Mobilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
Alexandru Stoian
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Context ◽  
National Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Military

Abstract Imposed by states in order to defend its own territory and national values during the time of crisis, mobilization of armed forces in a contemporary global context creates new challenges for the public authorities, designers of the national legal framework and for the military authorities. In this regard, extraordinary measures can be taken in political, economic, social, administrative, diplomatic, legal and military fields, planned and prepared in peacetime. The Romanian National Defense System consists of the forces intended for defense, the resources of the national defense and the territorial infrastructure and provides a stable foundation for all types of actions related to mobilization, as long as the procedures involved are implemented at a high level of efficiency

scholarly journals Legal and institutional aspects that determine the dialog between public authorities and civil society organizations in the Republic of Moldova (part I)

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-47
Author(s):  
Liliana Palihovici ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic

CSOs are a key component of an open and democratic society as they play a key role in the strengthening of democracy and the rule of law, their dialogue with the public authorities being a precondition for this. By analyzing the development of dialogue between Moldovan CSOs and Central and Local Public authorities (CPA / LPA), I found that PA are not yet fully aware of the value of the dialogue, which is sporadic and guided by certain interests, that do not always coincide with the public interest. The key objective pursued by this research was to review the environment underlying activity and collaboration of the civil society from the standpoint of influence exerted by the internal and external factors that determine the core essence of the social environment, while paving and setting conditions for carrying out activities and collaboration between the civil society and public authorities. The paper aims to prove that more communication and collaboration between public authorities and civil society organizations, will likely result in a more inclusive, qualitative and focused act of governance. The author analyses and presents the existing decision-making systems and its consultation mechanisms with the civil society organizations in the Republic of Moldova, the existing opportunities for CSO’s involvement in the public policy making process and the actual practices. A number of research methods were used in the study, aimed at highlighting the particularities of the dialogue and cooperation between the public authorities (PA) and the CSOs, as part of the act of governance, studying the development over time and the influence of various social, economic and political factors on these processes. Thus, the historical analysis method to research the origin and evolution of the legal framework that regulates the dialogue and cooperation between PA and the CSOs was applied. It included analysis of the relevant laws, regulations and policies, together with existing reports and studies on the subject of research, in the Republic of Moldova. I found that public authorities are not yet fully aware of the value of the dialogue and the political factor is also of great influence, as in recent years there has been an increasing pressure on the civil society. The paper reflects the current situation in Moldova, which can be summarized as follows: a) there are no permanent mechanisms or platforms for cooperation and consultation, open to all. Civil society participation is limited to a small number of CSOs, and there are no incentives for the growth of CSOs. b) LPAs, compared to CPAs, enjoy a much higher level of ,,trust” from the society/community, but they rarely have the resources and skills to conduct a constructive dialogue with CSOs; c) there is a proven reluctance of the LPA/CPA to deepen the dialogue and cooperation with the civil society; d) The culture of participation is very weak as there is no perception that participation is an instrument of change. A number of recommendations in order to address the identified problems are listed.

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