Fishing Vessels of the Pacific Northwest: The Past 30 Years

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
James A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Principal Characteristics ◽  
Stability Problems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hull Design

This paper reviews the evolution of the design of fishing vessels of the Pacific Northwest over the past three decades. Since the vessels are designed to suit their particular fishery or fisheries, five different types are reviewed: gillnet boat, trollers, combination fishing vessels over a range of several sizes, tuna seiners, and stern trawlers. The paper shows how evolution has brought bigger vessels with increased carrying capacity, range, and endurance. Stability problems that have arisen with some of the types are also discussed. A section is devoted to each type summarizing its origins, its evolution, the fishery, fishing method, etc. This is followed by comparisons in hull design of the types reviewed with drawings of the vessels accompanied by their principal characteristics. The conclusion covers the technological advances in design and construction of the vessels and the increased sophistication of their machinery and equipment. An Appendix illustrates the operating areas and seasons of the Pacific Northwest fisheries and includes photographs of typical vessels of the region.

The Windgrasses(AperaAdans., Poaceae) in North America

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Northam ◽  
R. H. Callihan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
The Past ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Additional Control

Two introduced windgrass species have become crop weeds in North America. Common windgrass is a major weed of winter cereals in Europe and was first documented in North America in the early 1800s. It is a weed of roadsides and waste areas in the northeastern United States and in winter grain fields of southern Ontario and Michigan. Interrupted windgrass was first reported in North America approximately 90 yr ago; it is adapted to more arid sites than common windgrass and is distributed predominantly in the northwestern U.S.A. During the past 10 to 15 yr, interrupted windgrass has adversely affected winter grain and grass seed producers in the Pacific Northwest due to additional control costs.

scholarly journals Toward a better understanding of climate and human impacts on late Holocene fire regimes in the Pacific Northwest, USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K Walsh ◽  
Haley J Duke ◽  
Kevin C Haydon
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Clackamas County ◽  
Study Sites

In order to fully appreciate the role that fire, both natural and anthropogenic, had in shaping pre-Euro-American settlement landscapes in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), it is necessary to develop a more robust method of evaluating paleofire reconstructions. Here we demonstrate an approach that includes the identification of charcoal morphotypes (i.e. visually distinct charcoal particles), and incorporates both paleoecological and archaeological data sets, to more specifically determine both the nature of past fire regimes (i.e. fuel type and fire severity) and the likely ignition source of those fires. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach by reconstructing the late Holocene fire and vegetation histories of Lake Oswego (Clackamas County), Oregon, and Fish Lake (Okanogan County), Washington, using macroscopic charcoal and pollen analysis of sediment cores. The histories were compared with climatic records from the PNW as well as archaeological, ethnographic, and historical records from the Lower Columbia River Valley and Southern Columbia Plateau cultural regions. Our results indicate that while centennial-to-millennial-scale climate change had limited influence on the fire regimes at the study sites during the past ∼3800 years, the use of fire by Native Americans for a variety of reasons, particularly after ca. 1200 calendar years before present (AD 750), had a far greater impact. Charcoal morphotype ratios also indicate that fires in the two watersheds were fundamentally different in their severity and impact, and led to major shifts in the forests and woodlands surrounding Lake Oswego, but helped maintain the ponderosa pine-dominated forest at Fish Lake. The elimination of fire from the two study sites during the past 100–300 years is likely the combined result of Euro-American contact and the arrival of disease in the PNW, as well as 20th-century fire suppression and grazing effects on fuel continuity, which has implications for future forest management and restoration efforts in the PNW.

scholarly journals Seeing Themselves: Jean Barman’s French Canadians, Furs, and Indigenous Women in the Making of the Pacific Northwest as a Resource for the Region’s People

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Stacy Nation-Knapper
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
French Canadians ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
The Past ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Columbia River Plateau ◽  
Complicated Nature

Dr. Barman’s award-winning study is a resource to the Indigenous and non-Indigenous people of the Columbia River Plateau and the Pacific Northwest, an environmentally and culturally diverse region that now encompasses two countries, two provinces, three states, and many Indigenous communities. For Indigenous communities of the region, French Canadians, Furs, and Indigenous Women in the Making of the Pacific Northwest provides an important context of colonialism, global economics, and the complicated nature of cross-cultural encounters. For non-Indigenous communities, the book also encourages an appreciation for the complexities of history often overlooked by celebratory histories of colonization. French Canadians, Furs, and Indigenous Women in the Making of the Pacific Northwest is a resource in which people see themselves and their families in a complicated, accessible, and inspiring story of the past.

The Effects of Exogenous Bioregulators and Environment on Regular Cropping of Apple

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 554e-555
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Return Bloom

Use of exogenous bioregulators (“hormones”) to adjust crop load in apple remains challenging to both researchers and producers. These hormones are sensitive to the rate and timing of application, to the physiological status of the tree, the choice of orchard system, variety and rootstock, and a myriad of cultural practices and environmental factors. All classes of plant bioregulators have been used over the past 30 to 40 years as chemical thinning materials. Most of the standard postbloom thinning programs involve application of a synthetic auxin, such as naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in combination with carbaryl, a commonly used insecticide. The mode of action of these two compounds is not clearly understood. Gibberellins generally have not been effective thinning materials because of the negative impact on return bloom. Ethylene-releasing compounds have been used successfully as postbloom thinning materials. And cytokinins, particularly synthetic sources such as 6-BA, have been shown to effectively thin fruit and to enhance fruit size on many commercial varieties. The rate and timing of 6-BA applications are particularly critical to obtain the desirable thinning and size responses. Overall, these bioregulators are sensitive to temperature. The use of bloom thinning compounds and their efficacy in the Pacific Northwest will be discussed in the context of return bloom.

A Comparative Lengthening Study of a Shallow-draft Purse Seiner

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent J. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Collaborative Engineering ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Naval Architect

Lengthening has been a common refit in the shallow-draft salmon-seining fleet of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska since the early 1990s. Generally these small vessels are modified without any formal engineering support. Although the 2010 USCG Authorization Act promises to improve the amount of engineering dedicated to small fishing vessels, 88 percent of shallow-draft seiners are too small to be affected by the new rules. This paper is offered as a starting point for owners, builders, and naval architects to seek voluntary and collaborative engineering solutions for future lengthening projects. To this end, this paper describes two prevalent methods of lengthening, quantitatively compares the resulting changes in vessel characteristics with the original craft, and identifies potential problems and solutions. Background information is provided to familiarize the naval architect with the owner’s requirements. It is the author’s hope that this paper could help naval architects deliver an efficient engineering package with a tight scope to budget-conscious owners who are considering lengthening their shallow-draft purse seiners.

scholarly journals “Jean Barman — Vernacular Historian”

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
Heather Devine
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Indigenous Studies ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
French Canadians ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Vernacular History

Over the past year, several excellent new publications focused on the histories of mixed-race French-Canadian communities in western Canada and the Pacific Northwest. Of these books, Jean Barman’s French Canadians, Furs and Indigenous Women in the Making of the Pacific Northwest merits special attention, because the author has successfully sought out, and integrated, vernacular voices as historical sources. And for this reason, Jean Barman is sometimes referred to as a “vernacular,” or grassroots historian. What is vernacular history? Is this genre a product of methodology or of one’s worldview? And can a vernacular approach to history help scholars navigate the increasingly politicised environment of indigenous studies? The author reflects on these questions, by sharing some of her personal experiences with Jean Barman that illustrate the complexity of the issues surrounding indigenous historical practice today.

scholarly journals 1055 PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF SPICES, TEA HERBS AND MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 579f-579
Author(s):  
Lon Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Organically Grown ◽  
The U.S

Concurrent with the development of the U.S. market for certified organically-grown produce, there has been a growth in the production and marketing of organically-grown botanicals. This activity has been centered in the Pacific Northwest for the past 20 years. The current global market for biologically-grown botanicals has been stimulated by public interest in alternative and traditional plant-based medicines. Trout Lake Farm has organized efforts to stimulate the production and marketing of medicinal plants and spices. The efforts include R&D, growing methodologies, quality assurance, drying, and processing. Research of many ornamentals has revealed potential uses for them other than strictly ornamental. Cultivation is necessary to avoid extirpation of fragile and threatened wild medicinals. The use of organic growing practices is necessary, particularly for specialty crops which have no EPA level inclusions for pesticides. Increasing domestic production of temperate and subtropical herbs and spices helps reduce U.S. imports.

Gross Anatomy and Growth of the Reproductive System of the Black Vine Weevil, Brachyrhinus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 569-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Cram
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Parthenogenetic Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Black Vine Weevil ◽  
A Minor

The black vine weevil, Brachyrhinus sulcatus (F.), a parthenogenetic species, has been present as a minor pest of strawberry in the Pacific northwest for many years (Treherne, 1914; Downes, 1924; Wilcox, Mote and Childs, 1934). Recently Andison (1953) reported that the species has increased rapidly in numbers during the past several years. In this area B. sulcatus is now as important as, if not more important than, the serious pest of strawberry, the strawberry root weevil, Brachyrhinus ovatus (L.). Since most of the damage is done by the larvae, which feed on the strawberry roots, it is necessary to control the adults before they commence oviposition, especially on soils that have not been treated with insecticides. The adults emerge and feed on the strawberry foliage during the first week of harvest. Studies at the Victoria laboratory have shown that most or all of the crop is harvested before oviposition becomes general. Hence, an insecticide can be applied before oviposition becomes general if this date can be predicted by examining the reproductive system. Also, it is important to know the stage of development of the ovaries of those adults that overwinter and are found in the strawberry fields in late March and April, so that control measures can be applied before oviposition again becomes general.

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