Evaluation of Phytochemical Constituents, In vitro Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, FT-IR and GC-MS Studies of Leaves of Solanum torvum, Rhizome of Acorus calamus and Whole Plant of Mollugo pentaphylla

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Shanmuga S Priya ◽  
Aruna S Sharmili ◽  
J Anbumalarmathi ◽  
K Umamaheswari
Keyword(s):  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

scholarly journals Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of isolated fractions from methanolic extract derived from the whole plant of Cleome viscosa L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yarrappagaari Suresh ◽  
Gutha Rajasekar ◽  
Thopireddy Lavanya ◽  
Benne Lakshminarsimhulu ◽  
Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Glucose Diffusion ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant ◽  
Cleome Viscosa

Abstract Background Cleome viscosa is considered as an important medicinal plant extensively used in India, China, Bangladesh, and a few countries in Africa. In the present study, in vitro anti-radical and antidiabetic potential of isolated fractions of methanolic extract of C. viscosa whole plant (MeCV) has been investigated. The identification of polyphenols and their related functional groups in the bioactive fraction was categorized by using HPLC and FT-IR. Results The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of F-D were higher than those of F-A, F-B, and F-C. The F-D exhibited superior antioxidant capacity when compared with the remaining three fractions. However, the F-D showed the highest glucose diffusion activity over the 30 min–27 h incubation period and also inhibited both α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme activity. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of the two known compounds (protocatechuic acid hexoside, rutin) and six unknown compounds in the F-D. FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of phenol group. Conclusion The isolated F-D obtained from MeCV displayed superior antioxidant and antidiabetic activity which indicate the presence of polyphenols in the fraction. The data findings of the present study support the traditional uses of the whole plant of C. viscosa as a promising natural source of biological medicines for oxidative stress and diabetes.

scholarly journals Preliminary Phytochemical Appraisal of Selected Medicinal Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-S) ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
E Mohan ◽  
S Suriya ◽  
S Shanmugam ◽  
CP Muthupandi ◽  
K Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Senna Alata

Preliminary phytochemical tests played a significant role in finding and locating chemical constituents which are source of pharmacologically active principles. By consider the medicinal importance of tuber of Acorus calamus, flower of Senna alata and fruit of Solanum torvum, the present study was designed to screen the phytochemical constituents present in such plant parts preliminarily. The phytochemical analyses were conducted by employing standard methods to detect the presence/absence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, phytosterols, proteins, saponins and tannins. The results of present study revealed that alkaloids were found to be present in all the three plants analyzed and all the three solvents extracted, whereas, glycosides and phenols were absent. The acetone extract of Acorus calamus and Solanum torvum showed the presence more number of phytochemicals (4 each) and petroleum ether extract of Senna alata and Solanum torvum revealed the presence of only one compound. The potential active principles of the detected compounds should be quantified and pharmacologically evaluated. Keywords: Preliminary phytochemical analyses, Acorus calamus tuber, Senna alata flower, Solanum torvum fruit.

Characterization and Screening of a Novel Multiparticulate Pulsatile Delivery of Aceclofenac

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 3494-3501
Author(s):  
Bipul Nath ◽  
Santimoni Saikia
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Dsc Studies ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Pulsatile Delivery ◽  
Ca Alginate

In the present investigation, sodium alginate based multiparticulate system overcoated with time and pH dependent polymer was studied in the form of oral pulsatile system to achieve pulsatile with sustained release of aceclofenac for chronotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis seven batches of micro beads with varying concentration of sodium alginate (2-5 %) were prepared by ionotropic-gelation method using CaCl2 as cross-linking agent. The prepared Ca-alginate beads were coated with 5% Eudragit L100 and filled into pulsatile capsule with varying proportion of plugging materials. Drug loaded microbeads were investigated for physicochemical properties and drug release characteristics. The mean particle sizes of drug-loaded microbeads were found to be in the range 596±1.1 to 860 ± 1.2 micron and %DEE in the range of 65-85%. FT-IR and DSC studies revealed the absence of drug polymer interactions. The release of aceclofenac from formulations F1 to F7 in buffer media (pH 6.8) at the end of 5h was 65.6, 60.7, 55.7, 41.2, 39.2, 27 and 25% respectively. Pulsatile system filled with eudragit coated Ca-alginate microbeads (F2) showed better drug content, particle size, surface topography, in-vitro drug release in a controlled manner. Different plugging materials like Sterculia gum, HPMC K4M and Carbopol were used in the design of pulsatile capsule. The pulsatile system remained intact in buffer pH 1.2 for 2 hours due to enteric coat of the system with HPMCP. The enteric coat dissolved when the pH of medium was changed to 7.4. The pulsatile system developed with Sterculia gum as plugging material showed satisfactory lag period when compared to HPMC and Carbopol.

Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Antifungal Drug Acyclovir by Nanocrystal Formulation Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 4036-4042
Author(s):  
Prakash Goudanavar ◽  
Ankit Acharya ◽  
Vinay C.H
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Dsc Studies ◽  
Ft Ir

Administration of an antiviral drug, acyclovir via the oral route leads to low and variable bioavailability (15-30%). Therefore, this research work was aimed to enhance bioavailability of acyclovir by nanocrystallization technique. The drug nanocrystals were prepared by anti-solvent precipitation method in which different stabilizers were used. The formed nanocrystals are subjected to biopharmaceutical characterization including solubility, particle size and in-vitro release. SEM studies showed nano-crystals were crystalline nature with sharp peaks. The formulated drug nanocrystals were found to be in the range of 600-900nm and formulations NC7 and NC8 showed marked improvement in dissolution velocity when compared to pure drug, thus providing greater bioavailability. FT-IR and DSC studies revealed the absence of any chemical interaction between drug and polymers used. 

The Development of Pemetrexed Diacid-Loaded Gelatin-Cloisite 30B (MMT) Nanocomposite for Improved Oral Efficacy Against Cancer: Characterization, In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-256
Author(s):  
Kriti Soni ◽  
Ali Mujtaba ◽  
Md. Habban Akhter ◽  
Kanchan Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cloisite 30B ◽  
Ft Ir

Aim: The intention of this investigation was to develop Pemetrexed Diacid (PTX)-loaded gelatine-cloisite 30B (MMT) nanocomposite for the potential oral delivery of PTX and the in vitro, and ex vivo assessment. Background: Gelatin/Cloisite 30 B (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by blending gelatin with MMT in aqueous solution. Methods: PTX was incorporated into the nanocomposite preparation. The nanocomposites were investigated by Fourier Transmission Infra Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Confocal Laser Microscopy (CLSM). FT-IR of nanocomposite showed the disappearance of all major peaks which corroborated the formation of nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were found to have a particle size of 121.9 ± 1.85 nm and zeta potential -12.1 ± 0.63 mV. DSC thermogram of drug loaded nanocomposites indicated peak at 117.165 oC and 205.816 oC, which clearly revealed that the drug has been incorporated into the nanocomposite because of cross-linking of cloisite 30 B and gelatin in the presence of glutaraldehyde. Results: SEM images of gelatin show a network like structure which disappears in the nanocomposite. The kinetics of the drug release was studied in order to ascertain the type of release mechanism. The drug release from nanocomposites was in a controlled manner, followed by first-order kinetics and the drug release mechanism was found to be of Fickian type. Conclusion: Ex vivo gut permeation studies revealed 4 times enhancement in the permeation of drug present in the nanocomposite as compared to plain drug solution and were further affirmed by CLSM. Thus, gelatin/(MMT) nanocomposite could be promising for the oral delivery of PTX in cancer therapy and future prospects for the industrial pharmacy.

In-vitro bactericidal activity of a novel plant source Plumeria pudica against some human and fish pathogenic bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhaisi Das ◽  
Sunanda Burman ◽  
Goutam Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Aldehyde Groups

Background: The only remedy for up surging problem of antibiotic resistance is the discovery of antibacterial agents of natural origin. Objective: The present study was aimed at finding antibacterial potential of crude and solvent extracts of mature leaves of Plumeria pudica. Methods: Antibacterial activity of three different solvent extracts were evaluated in four human and four fish pathogenic bacteria by measuring the zone of inhibition and determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration values. Standard antibiotics were used as positive control. Preliminary phytochemical screening of most effective extract i.e., ethyl acetate extract, Fourier Transform Infra Red analysis and GC-MS analysis of the Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) fraction of ethyl acetate extract were done meticulously. All experiments were done thrice and analyzed statistically. Results: Crude leaf extracts and solvent extracts caused good inhibition of bacterial growth in all selected bacteria. Ethyl acetate extract showed highest inhibition zones in all tested strains with maximum inhibition (19.50±0.29 mm) in Escherichia coli (MTCC 739). MBC/MIC of the extracts indicated that all three solvent extracts were bactericidal. Preliminary phytochemical tests revealed the presence of tannins, steroids and alkaloids and FT-IR analysis revealed presence of many functional groups namely alcoholic, amide, amine salt and aldehyde groups. From the GC-MS analysis of TLC fraction of ethyl acetate extract five different bioactive compounds e.g., 2,4-ditert –butylphenyl 5-hydroxypentanoate, Oxalic acid; allyl nonyl ester, 7,9-Ditert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, Dibutyl phthalate and 2,3,5,8-tetramethyl-decane were identified. Conclusion: Leaf extracts of P. pudica contain bioactive compounds that can be used as broad spectrum bactericidal agent.

Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis and its Role in the Alleviation of Arthritic Pain: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1147-1156
Author(s):  
Ruchi Singh ◽  
Syed M. Hasan ◽  
Amit Verma ◽  
Sanjay K. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Modern Drug ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Drug Synthesis ◽  
New Compounds

Background: A plant is a reservoir of potentially useful active chemical entities which act as drugs as well as intermediates for the discovery of newer molecules and provide newer leads for modern drug synthesis. The demand for new compounds in the field of medicine and biotechnology is centuries old and with a rise in chronic diseases and resistance to existing drugs in the field of anti-infective agents, the chemicals obtained from plant sources have been an area of attraction. The whole plant has possessed multiple pharmacological activities. This is scientifically established by in-vivo and in-vitro studies. Methods: Various electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google were searched to collect the data of the present review. All the collected information is categorized into different sections as per the aim of the paper. Results: Fifty-six research and review papers have been studied and were included in this review article. After a detailed study, we provide a significant description of various phytochemicals present in Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn., which is responsible for various pharmacological activities. Twenty of studied articles gives a general introduction and ethnobotanical information about the plant, two papers contained microscopic detail of leaf and fruit. Twenty papers contained information about the phytoconstituents present in different parts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis plant and fourteen articles reported pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, antimicrobial and immunobiotic activity. Conclusion: This review explores the published research work comprising the ethnobotanical description of the subjected plant, distribution, phytochemical profile, and arthritis-related pharmacological activities.

Synthesis, SAR, In-Silico appraisal and Anti-Microbial Study of substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devidas G. Anuse ◽  
Suraj N. Mali ◽  
Bapu R. Thorat ◽  
Ramesh S. Yamgar ◽  
Hemchandra K. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Docking Study ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Molecular Docking Study ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
In Silico Molecular Docking

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is major global health problem, which is being rapidly deteriorating the quality of human health. Series of substituted N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(6-fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl)acetamide (3a-j) were synthesized from substituted N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-chloroacetamide/bromopropanamide (2a-j) and 6-fluoro-3-(piperidin-4-yl)benzo[d]isoxazole (2) and further evaluated for their docking properties and antimicrobial activity. Methods: All synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, NMR and Mass spectral analysis. All compounds were allowed to dock against different antimicrobial targets having PDB ID: 1D7U and against common antifungal target having PDB ID: 1EA1. Results: The compounds 3d and 3h were showed good activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, resistance Gram-positive bacteria). All synthesized compounds showed good to moderate activity against selected bacterial and fungal microbial strains. If we compared the actual in-vitro antimicrobial activity and in-silico molecular docking study, we found that molecules 3i and 3h were more potent than the others. Conclusion: Our current study would definitely pave the new way towards designing and synthesis of more potent 2-aminobenzothiazoles derivatives.

Synergistic Antitumor Effect of 5-Fluorouracil Combined with Constituents from Pleurospermum lindleyanum in Hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Feng Zhu ◽  
Xiao-Jin Li ◽  
Zhong-Lian Cao ◽  
Xiu-Jie Liu ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Background: A Chinese folk medicine plant Pleurospermum lindleyanum possesses pharmacological activities of heat-clearing, detoxifying and preventing from hepatopathy, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and high altitude sickness. We isolated and characterized its constituents to investigate its synergistic effects against human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the synergistic anti-cancer activities of isolates from P. lindleyanum with 5-FU on hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro and their primary mechanisms. Methods: Sequential chromatographic techniques were conducted for the isolation studies. The isolates structures were established by spectroscopic analysis as well as X-ray crystallographic diffraction. Growth inhibition was detected by MTT assay. The isobologram method was used to assess the effect of drug combinations. Flow cytometry and western blot were used to examine apoptosis and protein expression. Results: A new coumarin (16), along with sixteen known compounds, were isolated from the whole plant of P. lindleyanum and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Four coumarins (2, 3, 5, and 16), two flavonoids (8 and 9) and three phytosterols and triterpenes (12-14) were found to synergistically enhance the inhibitory effect of 5-FU against SMMC-7721 cells. Among them, compounds 3 and 16 exhibited the best synergistic effects with IC50 of 5-FU reduced by 16-fold and 22-fold possessing the minimum Combination Index (CI) 0.34 and 0.27. The mechanism of action of combinations might be through synergistic arresting for the cell cycle at G1 phases and the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, western blotting and molecular docking revealed that compounds 3 or 5 might promote 5-FU-induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of Caspase 9 and PARP. Conclusion: Constituents from P. lindleyanum may improve the treatment effectiveness of 5-FU against hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Some New Isatin Derivatives

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kiran ◽  
T. Maneshwar ◽  
Y. Rajeshwar ◽  
M. Sarangapani
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Stable Free Radical ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activity ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Isatin Derivatives

A series of β-Isatin aldehyde-N,N′-thiocarbohydrazone derivatives were synthesized and assayed for theirin vitroantimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The new compounds were characterized based on spectral (FT-IR, NMR, MS) analyses. All the test compounds possessed a broad spectrum of activity having MIC values rangeing from 12.5 to 400 μg/ml against the tested microorganisms. Among the compounds3e,3jand3nshow highest significant antimicrobial activity. The free radical scavenging effects of the test compounds against stable free radical DPPH (α,α-diphenyl-β-picryl hydrazyl) and H2O2were measured spectrophotometrically. Compounds3j,3n,3l, and3e, respectively, had the most effective antioxidant activity against DPPH and H2O2scavenging activity.

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