Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of effect of aqueous and Ethanolic leaf extracts of Chloroxylon swietenia on blood glucose in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic rats

Background: Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourr, is a perennial species, woody distributed throughout the north of Africa. This plant is used in traditional Mediterranean preparations and has many traditional uses especially treatment of diabetes. Aim/Methods: The current research was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Aerial Parts of Aqueous Extract (APAE) of Corrigiola telephiifolia (C. telephiifolia) on both normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats treated at a dose of 5 mg/kg for fifteen days. Additionally, the histopathological changes in the liver, morphometric analysis, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in normal rats and preliminary phytochemical screening for various components were realized. Results: Single oral administration of the APAE of C. telephiifolia (5mg/kg) showed no significant change in glycaemia of normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. In contrast, repeated oral administration of C. telephiifolia reduced blood glucose levels from 4.11 ± 0.10 mmol/L to 3.16 ± 0.16 mmol/L (p<0.01) 15 days after administration in normal rats. Furthermore, blood glucose levels decreased from 17.84 ± 1.75mmol/L to 1.93 ± 0.33 mmol/L (p<0.0001) in STZ diabetic rats after fifteen days of treatment. According to the oral glucose tolerance test, C. telephiifolia (5 mg/kg) was shown to prevent significantly the increase in blood glucose levels in normal treated rats 30 min after glucose administration when compared to the control group. Also, the liver architecture of diabetic rats treated by C. telephiifolia was improved when compared with the liver architecture of untreated diabetic rats. Concerning the preliminary phytochemical screening of C. telephiifolia, several compounds have been found such as polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, mucilage and terpenoids. Conclusion: The results show that the aqueous extract of C. telephiifolia possesses significant antihyperglycemic activity.

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In Vivo Hypoglycemic Activities of Male and Female Antidesma Bunius (L.) Spreng. in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice

Oriental Journal Of Chemistry ◽

10.13005/ojc/350421 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 1398-1406

Author(s):

Sheryl Joyce B. Grijaldo ◽

Noel S. Quiming ◽

Marilou G. Nicolas ◽

Michael Russelle S. Alvarez

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

P Value ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Normal Range ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Male And Female ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

One Way Anova

Diabetes mellitus, a complex chronic disease that is associated with hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) affects millions of people worldwide. This study evaluated the hypoglycemic activities of male and female Antidesma bunius, commonly known as currant tree or bignay, extracts in alloxan-treated ICR mice. In addition, the effects of the treatments on blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were determined. Phytochemical screening using standard protocol was performed. Plant extracts (500 mg/kg) were administered orally via gavage for 14 days and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were monitored prior to alloxan-induction on the day of alloxan-induction, and on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days of treatment. Sera were collected on the 14th day to measure the BUN and creatinine levels. Phytochemical screening was performed using standard TLC spray tests. All extracts were found to significantly lower FBG levels compared to the positive (glibenclamide 10 mg/kg) and negative (distilled water) controls (One-way ANOVA, p-value<0.0001). The most active extract, aqueous male A. bunius extract, significantly lowered FBG levels by as much as 61.26±17.89% after the 14th day (paired t-test, p-value = 0.0211). Both BUN and creatinine values were found to be significantly different in the treated mice compared to the controls (One-way ANOVA, p-value = 0.0005 and 0.000479, respectively). The BUN level of all mice was still within normal range, unlike with the creatinine level where only the female and male aqueous A. bunius and female ethanolic A. bunius extracts were within normal range. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins, tannins, and polyphenols, phlobatannins, steroids and terpenoids. This study demonstrates the potential of male and female A. bunius leaf extracts to reduce fasting blood glucose levels. Additional work, pertaining to the identification of possible bioactive compounds and establishing the mechanisms thereof, could be performed.

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ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDAEMIC EFFECTS OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES AND STEM OF CISSUS GRACILLIS (GULL ET PERR) (VITACEAE)

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i12.43005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 54-56

Author(s):

OLUSAYO A SHORINWA ◽

GORDON EI EMENU

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Diabetic Control Group ◽

Alloxan Monohydrate

Objectives: This study investigated the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of the ethanol extract of the leaves and stem of Cissus gracillis on alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetic albino rats. Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening and acute toxicity were carried out. Animals were assigned into seven groups of five rats each. Groups A and B were administered 10 mg/kg each of glibenclamide and atorvastatin respectively, C, D, and E were given 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of ethanol extract of C. gracillis, respectively, daily for 21 days through oral gavage, group F was diabetic but untreated (diabetic control group), while group G was non-diabetic and untreated which served as the control group. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids/triterpenoids and carbohydrates. LD50 was above 5000 mg/kg. The extract at 500 mg/kg showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in blood glucose level when compared with the glibenclamide group on day 21. However, gradual non- significant reduction in blood glucose levels were observed in the extract treated groups on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days of treatment. The administration of ethanol extract of C. gracillis to alloxan-induced diabetic rats produced a decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins comparable to glibenclamide and atorvastatin. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of the leaves and stem of C. gracillis possess a mildly significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTI-OXIDATIVE AND ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIAL OF IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ROOT AND LEAF EXTRACTS OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i10.8103 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Somanatha Jena ◽

Ram C. Jena ◽

Rasmita Bhol ◽

Khusbu Agarwal ◽

Ansuman Sarangi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Withania Somnifera ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Root Extract ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Root Extracts

Objective: The present investigation explores the possibilities of using the in vitro and in vivo root and leaf extracts of Withania somnifera for anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidaemic effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods: In vitro shoot cultures of Withania somnifera were raised by the axillary proliferation in nodal explants from a garden grown plant using Murashige and Skoog medium then in vitro raised roots and shoots were used for the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic experiment. After 72 h of STZ administration, the fasting blood glucose levels were measured and the rats showing FBG level>220 mg/dl were considered to be diabetic and were used for the hyperglycemic study. In vitro and in vivo methanolic root and leaf extracts were orally administered daily to diabetic rats for eight weeks. After the treatment period, blood glucose and serum enzymes like aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c high density lipoprotein-bound cholesterol, LDL-c low density lipoprotein-bound cholesterol, LDH, serum protein level, total phenolics and anti-oxidative analysis (DPPH and FRAP) were determined.Results: The levels of blood glucose, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, HDL-c significantly increased by the use of in vitro methanolic root extracts compared to normal control rats. However, remarkable loss of total protein, albumin, albumin: globulin (A: G) ratio was reported in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by using in vitro root extracts. Methanolic in vitro root extract at the dose levels of 300 mg/kg body weight produced a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) level by 102.65 with respect to initial fasting blood glucose level after 30 d of the treatment. In vitro root extract demonstrated highest DPPH and FRAP free radical scavenging activity, i.e. 86.55±1.77 and 48.87±2.55 than other extracts.Conclusion: It may be concluded that methanolic in vitro root extract W. somnifera at the dose (300 mg/kg) has more potent anti-hyperglycaemic activity than the other in vitro and in vivo extracts of leaf and root on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and was also found to be similar in effect to that of the standard drug ‘Glibenclamide’.

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Administration of Combined Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Gongronema latifolium Enhanced Glut 2 Expression in the Pancreas and Downregulates Serum Caspase 3 Activity of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2019/v30i930230 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

M. I. Akpaso ◽

N. N. Orie ◽

P. E. Ebong

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Normal Control ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Gongronema Latifolium

Aim: The study evaluated the effects of the combined extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Gongronema latifolium (GL) on pancreatic GLUT 2 expression and caspase 3 activity in streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/Kg)-induced diabetic rats. Study Design: Fifteen Albino rats were used for the study and were placed in 3 groups of 5 rats each: A - normal control, B – Diabetic control and C – experimental group. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, University of Calabar. Duration: 6 months. Methodology: Half of the diabetic rats were treated with VA+GL (400mg/kg, ratio 1:1, DE group) for 28 days, while the other half was untreated and served as diabetic control (DC). Normal control (NC) rats were untreated. After 28 days, the rats were sacrificed and their blood glucose, serum GLUT 2 and caspase 3 activity were measured. Histochemical evaluation of the pancreas was also carried out. Results: Blood glucose concentrations for the 3 groups were 60.31±7.28, 257.00±4.43, and 116.60±10.11 mg/dl for NC, DC and DE respectively. This represented a 4-fold increase in the DC compared with NC and a significant amelioration in the extract-treated DE group compared with DC group. Serum GLUT 2 concentrations were 70 ng/ml in NC, dropped to 8 ng/ml (p<0.05) in the DC and recovered to 20 ng/ml in DE (p<0.05). Serum caspase was 3.2 ng/ml for NC, increased to 8.5 ng/ml in DC (p<0.05) and reduced to 1.8 ng/ml in DE (p<0.05). The histology of the pancreas showed distorted, degenerated and shrunken β-cells mass in DC compared with NC and DE groups. The DE group showed clear signs of regeneration of the islet cells which was corroborated by positive Feulgen’s reaction compared with the DC group. Conclusion: The data suggests that the combined VA+GL extract has the potential to effectively reverse pancreatic damage in diabetes.

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In vitro & In vivo Phytochemical Evaluation of Bioactive Components Against Hyperglycemic-induced Oxidative Stress in Streptozocin Rat Model: A histopathological investigation

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac126.73217341 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 7321-7341

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Eriobotrya Japonica ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Standard Drug

The in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Punica granatum, Eriobotrya japonica, and Musa acuminata leaves were evaluated using normal and streptozocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes was induced into Wister rats using streptozocin (40 mg/kg), injected intraperitoneal (IP). Orally crude methanolic leaves extracts were administered in streptozocin induced diabetic rats (n=6) along with the fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous) of P. granatum, E. japonica, and M. acuminata (50 mg/kg) along with standard drug glimepiride (2 mg/kg) for 28 days. Rats' blood samples were tested for blood glucose using glucose oxidase reactive strips and glucometer. Glucose was administered to nondiabetic control rats. The rats were also treated with glimepiride and leaves extracts of P. granatum, E. japonica, and M. acuminata to check the oral glucose tolerance (OGTT). Blood glucose levels were checked at 0, 30, 60, 120 minutes intervals after drug administration. The effect of various fractions of leaf extracts on the bodyweight of rats was also studied. Data obtained was evaluated by two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and expressed as standard deviation. Leaves extracts exhibit significant antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. These medicinal plants with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties could be an economical source of local medicine for diabetes.

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HYPOGLYCEMIC AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF OLDENLANDIA CORYMBOSA AGAINST ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS IN RATS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2020v12i10.38951 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 34-40

Author(s):

CAYSANDRA AUDREY MICHELLE ELWON ◽

MUHAMMAD DAWOOD SHAH ◽

MOHAMMAD IQBAL

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Alloxan Monohydrate

Objective: The present study was designed to demonstrate the antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hypoglycaemic potentials of aqueous extract of O. corymbosa against alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Methods: O. corymbosa extract was tested for phytochemical screening, total phenolic, flavonoids content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate (65 mg/kg b. w i. v). The aqueous extract of O. corymbosa at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg were administered through gavage feeding daily to diabetic induced rats for 14 d. The effect of aqueous extract of O. corymbosa was assessed on blood glucose, body weight, lipid peroxidation, catalase activity, glutathione and lipid profile. Pancreatic tissues were also examined by haematoxylin and eosin staining methods. Results: Phytochemical screening shows the presence of tannins, saponins, phlobatannins and flavonoids. Total phenolic content was found to be 22.85±0.21 mg/g, IC50 is 450±1.39 µg/ml and total flavonoids content was found to be 4.25±0.09 mg/g of extract. The results of the present study showed that O. corymbosa can lower blood glucose and lipid parameters except for HDL. The levels of antioxidant enzymes CAT and GSH were increased along with the decreased in LPO level by the pre-treatment of animals with O. corymbosa. Microscopic examination of pancreatic sections revealed that diabetic rats treated with O. corymbosa extracts at either dose have normal architecture structure of islets. Conclusion: These results indicate that O. corymbosa may be effective as a hypoglycaemic and antihyperlipidemic agent.

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Antidiabetic Effect of Urena lobata: Preliminary Study on Hexane, Ethanolic, and Aqueous Leaf Extracts

Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya ◽

10.21776/ub.jkb.2018.030.01.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Doti Wahyuningsih ◽

Yudi Purnomo

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Islet Cells ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Chronic Hyperglycemia

Chronic hyperglycemia is one of the signs of human type-2 diabetes mellitus due to insulin resistance and depletion. This study aimed to evaluate hexane, ethanolic, and aqueous leaf extracts of Urena lobata as antihyperglycemic agent. Design of this study was a post-test only control group using 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 5 groups. High fructose diet (HFD) ad libitum and single dose of intraperitoneal streptozocin (STZ) (25 mg/kgBW) were administered to induce diabetes in rats. Three groups of the diabetic rats orally received 500 mg/kgBW of only a type of leaf extract of U. lobata for 4 weeks. Insulin serum levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Size, shape, and density of the islet cells were observed by light microscope. Blood glucose level and the area under curve (AUC) of serial oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured. The U. lobata leaf extracts of three types of solvent all increased serum insulin level and improved β cells condition, also decreased the AUC of the OGTT series in diabetic rats. Values were compared with untreated diabetic rats (p<0,05). The aqueous leaf extract of U. lobata was the best in increasing insulin serum level, recovering islet cells condition, and correcting blood glucose level. The hexane extract showed poor results when compared to the other soluble agents.

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