In Vivo Hypoglycemic Activities of Male and Female Antidesma Bunius (L.) Spreng. in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice

Diabetes mellitus, a complex chronic disease that is associated with hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) affects millions of people worldwide. This study evaluated the hypoglycemic activities of male and female Antidesma bunius, commonly known as currant tree or bignay, extracts in alloxan-treated ICR mice. In addition, the effects of the treatments on blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were determined. Phytochemical screening using standard protocol was performed. Plant extracts (500 mg/kg) were administered orally via gavage for 14 days and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were monitored prior to alloxan-induction on the day of alloxan-induction, and on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days of treatment. Sera were collected on the 14th day to measure the BUN and creatinine levels. Phytochemical screening was performed using standard TLC spray tests. All extracts were found to significantly lower FBG levels compared to the positive (glibenclamide 10 mg/kg) and negative (distilled water) controls (One-way ANOVA, p-value<0.0001). The most active extract, aqueous male A. bunius extract, significantly lowered FBG levels by as much as 61.26±17.89% after the 14th day (paired t-test, p-value = 0.0211). Both BUN and creatinine values were found to be significantly different in the treated mice compared to the controls (One-way ANOVA, p-value = 0.0005 and 0.000479, respectively). The BUN level of all mice was still within normal range, unlike with the creatinine level where only the female and male aqueous A. bunius and female ethanolic A. bunius extracts were within normal range. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins, tannins, and polyphenols, phlobatannins, steroids and terpenoids. This study demonstrates the potential of male and female A. bunius leaf extracts to reduce fasting blood glucose levels. Additional work, pertaining to the identification of possible bioactive compounds and establishing the mechanisms thereof, could be performed.

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Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Fasting Blood Glucose Levels Within Normal Range

The American Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.07.036 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 106 (11) ◽

pp. 1602-1605 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

David Pereg ◽

Avishay Elis ◽

Yoram Neuman ◽

Morris Mosseri ◽

Michael Lishner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Normal Range ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTI-OXIDATIVE AND ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIAL OF IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ROOT AND LEAF EXTRACTS OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i10.8103 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Somanatha Jena ◽

Ram C. Jena ◽

Rasmita Bhol ◽

Khusbu Agarwal ◽

Ansuman Sarangi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Withania Somnifera ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Root Extract ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Root Extracts

Objective: The present investigation explores the possibilities of using the in vitro and in vivo root and leaf extracts of Withania somnifera for anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidaemic effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods: In vitro shoot cultures of Withania somnifera were raised by the axillary proliferation in nodal explants from a garden grown plant using Murashige and Skoog medium then in vitro raised roots and shoots were used for the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic experiment. After 72 h of STZ administration, the fasting blood glucose levels were measured and the rats showing FBG level>220 mg/dl were considered to be diabetic and were used for the hyperglycemic study. In vitro and in vivo methanolic root and leaf extracts were orally administered daily to diabetic rats for eight weeks. After the treatment period, blood glucose and serum enzymes like aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c high density lipoprotein-bound cholesterol, LDL-c low density lipoprotein-bound cholesterol, LDH, serum protein level, total phenolics and anti-oxidative analysis (DPPH and FRAP) were determined.Results: The levels of blood glucose, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, HDL-c significantly increased by the use of in vitro methanolic root extracts compared to normal control rats. However, remarkable loss of total protein, albumin, albumin: globulin (A: G) ratio was reported in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by using in vitro root extracts. Methanolic in vitro root extract at the dose levels of 300 mg/kg body weight produced a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) level by 102.65 with respect to initial fasting blood glucose level after 30 d of the treatment. In vitro root extract demonstrated highest DPPH and FRAP free radical scavenging activity, i.e. 86.55±1.77 and 48.87±2.55 than other extracts.Conclusion: It may be concluded that methanolic in vitro root extract W. somnifera at the dose (300 mg/kg) has more potent anti-hyperglycaemic activity than the other in vitro and in vivo extracts of leaf and root on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and was also found to be similar in effect to that of the standard drug ‘Glibenclamide’.

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The Relation between Estradiol Levels and Body Mass Index with Fasting Blood Glucose Levels in Premenopausal Women in Padang in 2017

International Journal of Research and Review ◽

10.52403/ijrr.20210945 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 338-344

Author(s):

Melani Razuli ◽

Afriwardi . ◽

Fika Tri Anggraini

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Body Mass ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

P Value ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Estradiol Levels

Premenopause is a transitional period that occurs due to decreased generative or endocrine function of the ovaries. In premenopausal women, there is a decrease in estrogen hormone levels and an increase in Body Mass Index (BMI) so that it will increase the risk of diabetes mellitus which is one of the four priority non-communicable diseases. The incidence of diabetes mellitus in women is much higher when compared to men. The research was conducted in the city of Padang, with an observational, cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used was multistage random sampling with a sample of 99 premenopausal women. The estradiol level was assessed by ELISA method, BMI was assessed by weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared, fasting blood glucose level was assessed by the enzymatic photometric method. The correlation between estradiol levels and fasting blood glucose levels was analyzed by using the Pearson Correlation test. The correlation between BMI and fasting blood glucose levels was analyzed by using the Pearson Correlation test. The mean of estradiol level was (148,689±49,417) pg/ml. Average Body Mass Index (BMI) was included in the Obese category I (26.5 kg/m2). The mean fasting blood glucose level was (98,766±6,549) mg/dL. There is a correlation between estradiol levels and fasting blood glucose levels (p value = 0.007 and r value = 0.270). In addition, there is a correlation between BMI and fasting blood glucose levels (p value = 0.023). The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant correlation between estradiol levels and fasting blood glucose. There is a significant correlation between BMI and fasting blood glucose Keywords: Estradiol Levels, Body Mass Index, Fasting Blood Glucose Levels, Premenopause.

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Wild Strawberry, Blackberry, and Blueberry Leaf Extracts Alleviate Starch-Induced Hyperglycemia in Prediabetic and Diabetic Mice

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-1164-8152 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (11) ◽

pp. 790-799

Author(s):

István Takács ◽

András Szekeres ◽

Ákos Takács ◽

Dávid Rakk ◽

Miklós Mézes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Postprandial Hyperglycemia ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Cardiac Muscle Cells ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Wild Strawberry

AbstractIntestinal α-glucosidase and α-amylase break down nutritional poly- and oligosaccharides to monosaccharides and their activity significantly contributes to postprandial hyperglycemia. Competitive inhibitors of these enzymes, such as acarbose, are effective antidiabetic drugs, but have unpleasant side effects. In our ethnopharmacology inspired investigations, we found that wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), and European blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) leaf extracts inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme activity in vitro and are effective in preventing postprandial hyperglycemia in vivo. Toxicology tests on H9c2 rat embryonic cardiac muscle cells demonstrated that berry leaf extracts have no cytotoxic effects. Oral administration of these leaf extracts alone or as a mixture to normal (control), obese, prediabetic, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice attenuated the starch-induced rise of blood glucose levels. The efficiency was similar to that of acarbose on blood glucose. These results highlight berry leaf extracts as candidates for testing in clinical trials in order to assess the clinical significance of their effects on glycemic control.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Norathyriol and Mangiferin on α-Glucosidase

Biochemistry Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/1206015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Zhi-Long Shi ◽

Yi-Dan Liu ◽

Yun-Yun Yuan ◽

Da Song ◽

Mei-Feng Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

In Vivo Effects ◽

Antidiabetic Effects

Norathyriol is a metabolite of mangiferin. Mangiferin has been reported to inhibit α-glucosidase. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted to determine or compare those two compounds on inhibiting α-glucosidase in vitro and in vivo by far. In this study, we determined the inhibitory activity of norathyriol and mangiferin on α-glucosidase in vitro and evaluated their antidiabetic effect in diabetic mice. The results showed that norathyriol inhibited α-glucosidase in a noncompetitive manner with an IC50 value of 3.12 μM, which is more potent than mangiferin (IC50 = 358.54 μM) and positive drug acarbose (IC50 = 479.2 μM) in the zymological experiment. Both of norathyriol and mangiferin caused significant (p<0.05) reduction in fasting blood glucose and the blood glucose levels at two hours after carbohydrate loading and it was interesting that mangiferin and norathyriol can make the decline of the blood glucose earlier than other groups ever including normal group in the starch tolerance test. However, norathyriol and mangiferin did not significantly influence carbohydrate absorption in the glucose tolerance test. Therefore, the antidiabetic effects of norathyriol and mangiferin might be associated with α-glucosidase, and norathyriol was more potent than mangiferin.

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Asupan Serat Dan Magnesium Dengan Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe Ii

Jurnal GIZIDO ◽

10.47718/gizi.v10i2.837 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 101-107

Author(s):

Olga Lieke Paruntu ◽

Nonce Nova Legi ◽

I Made Djendra ◽

Giantri Kaligis

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

P Value ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Exact Test ◽

Magnesium Intake ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

Diabetes mellitus is very influential on the quality of human resources and has a significant impact on health costs. This diabetes mellitus cannot heal but can only be controlled. Patients with diabetes mellitus are not able to produce enough insulin or do not use it effectively so that there is excess glucose in the blood. One of the factors that triggers glucose is an unhealthy diet such as rarely consuming fiber, as well as consuming micronutrients, including magnesium. The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of fiber and magnesium intake with fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Pancaran Kasih General Hospital GMIM Manado. This research method using cross sectional design by purposive sampling. Data collection about the intake of fiber and magnesium using the 24-hour recall and the results of the examination of fasting blood glucose levels were taken through the medical record of the patient. Analyst data using logistic regression analysis. Based on data analysis using Fisher's Exact Test, showed P value = <0.05 / P = 0.013 means that there is a relationship between fiber intake and fasting blood glucose levels. While the results of data analysis using Fisher's Exact Test, showed P value => 0.05 / P = 0.61, meaning that there was no correlation between magnesium intake and fasting blood glucose levels. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between fiber intake and blood glucose levels. There is no relationship between magnesium intake and fasting blood glucose levels.

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Analysis on Soy-Yamgurt Potential as Antidiabetic in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Rats

Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.32734/injar.v1i1.174 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 58-70

Author(s):

Jessica Kwanariesta ◽

Herla Rusmarilin ◽

Ismed Suhaidi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Average Weight ◽

In Vivo Test ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Male Wistar Rats

This study was conducted to determine the potential of soy-yamgurt probiotics drink from the mixture of yam and soy extract with a ratio of 1: 1 in reducing the fasting blood glucose level of rats induced by streptozotocin-nicotinamide. Based on the analysis of chemical and phytochemical characteristics of soy-yamgurt, it was found that it has water content (80.97%), total solids (18.85%), protein content (11.95%), total lactic acid (1.03%), viscosity (20.56 Pa.s), lactic acid bacteria (10.22 log CFU/g), fiber content (0.98%), IC50 value (44.99 μg/ml), total phenol (711.90 μgGAE/g) and total flavonoids (1345.73 μgQE/g). The in vivo test used thirty 10-16 week old male Wistar rats with an average weight of 160-200 g divided into 5 groups: P1 (control), P2 (streptozotocin-nicotinamide), P3 (glibenclamide of 0.45 mg/kg body weight), P4 (3 ml of soy-yamgurt) and P5 (3.5 ml of soy-yamgurt).The results showed that the soy-yamgurt at the doses of 3 ml/160 g body weight and 3.5 ml/160 g body weight for 4 weeks in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced rats had significantly (P<0.01) lowered blood glucose levels and increased their weight.

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Body Mass Index, Waist-Hip Ratio and Fasting Blood Glucose Levels amongst the University Students

Folia Medica Indonesiana ◽

10.20473/fmi.v57i1.14661 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Rury Tiara Oktariza ◽

Viskasari Pintoko Kalanjati ◽

Ni Wajan Tirthaningsih

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

University Students ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Male And Female ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

Overweight and obesity have been correlated to the higher risk for developing metabolic diseases in later life, i.e. DM type 2. We study the body mass index (BMI), the waist to hip ratio (WHR) and the fasting blood glucose levels (FBG) in the seemingly healthy male and female university students to comprehend these variables amongst the youth in Indonesia in 2019. The BMI and WHR of 150 male and female students aged 18-22 years old of the IIKBW, Kediri were measured by standardised anthropometry. The FBG was measured after 8 hours-minimum of fasting from the capillary blood drop using glucometer. Data was then analysed using SPSS 17 with level of significance of p<0.05. According to Asia-Pacific BMI classification, students were 30.7% obese with males significantly higher than females (p=0.016), 18% overweight (significantly higher in females, p=0.04), 36% normal and 15.3% underweight.When compared between genders, the WHR is significantly higher in males (p<0.001); whilst no significant differences in FBG (p=0.6). Four males and 5 females with FBG ≥ 100 mg/dl, whereas others were within normal limits. There are positive significant correlations between BMI and WHR in males and females (r=0.777, p<0.001; r=0.54, p<0.001, respectively). There is a significant positive correlation between the BMI and FBG with r=0.217, p=0.008; and between the WHR and FBG with r=0.21, p=0.01 amongst all students. In this study, male students have significantly higher BMI and WHR than females. Higher FBG was well observed in students with either higher BMI or WHR.

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Effects of American Ginseng Berry Extract on Blood Glucose Levels in ob/ob Mice

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x02000442 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 30 (02n03) ◽

pp. 187-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Jing-Tian Xie ◽

Han H. Aung ◽

Ji An Wu ◽

A. S. Attele ◽

Jongbae Park

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

American Ginseng ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

In this study, we evaluated antihyperglycemic effects of American ginseng berry extract in diabetic ob/ob mice. Animals received daily intraperitoneal (IP) injections of the extract 150 mg/kg for 12 days. On days 5 and 12, the extract-treated ob/ob mice had significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to day 0 (both p < 0.05). Glucose tolerance improved significantly, which was shown by overall glucose excursion, calculated as area under the curve (AUC) during the two-hour IP glucose tolerance test. The AUC decreased by 31.8% on day 12 compared to day 0 (p < 0.01). In addition, after 12 days of the berry extract treatment, a significant reduction in body weight (p < 0.01 compared to day 0) and a significant increase in body temperature (p < 0.01 compared to day 0) was noticeable. Our results support in vivo antihyperglycemic and antiobese activity of American ginseng berry extract that may prove to be of clinical importance in the prevention and treatment of Type 2 diabetes.

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Potency of Swallow Nest Extract (Collocalia fuciphago) as Pancreaprotector Through Oxidative Mechanism in Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by Streptozotocin

Berkala Kedokteran ◽

10.20527/jbk.v14i1.4534 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Agnes Frethernety ◽

Satriyandi M ◽

Francisca Diana Alexandra

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Water Extract ◽

Clinical Syndrome ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome with characteristics of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can lead to the formation of excessive free radical compounds that trigger oxidative stress, especially on pancreatic β cells. Swallow nest contains amino acids which are insulin-forming compounds and glutathione that can act as a major reducing agent and antioxidant defense. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of swallow’s nest water extract as a pancreaprotector through oxidative mechanism in rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by streptozotocin. The rats induced by streptozotocin at a dose of 40 mg/kg BW and then randomly divided into 4 groups. Control groups were given aquades and 3 treatment groups, respectively were administered swallow’s nest water extract at doses of 1, 10, 100 mg/kg BW for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured on 7, 14 and 21 day. MDA measured after the animal is determined at day 28th.Level of fasting blood glucose and MDA were analyzed by statistic using Kruskal Wallis test followed by multiple comparisons Mann Whitney test. There was a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose level with p = 0.04 in all treatment groups compared the control group. The administration of swallow nest extract significantly decreased MDA pancreas with p value = 0.000 and dose 100 mg/kgBW extract of swallow’s nest significantly decrease pancreatic MDA level. The administration of swallow’s nest water extract shows decrease of fasting blood sugar and has a protective effect on the rats’ pancreas through oxidative mechanism. Keywords: Swallow's nest extract, MDA

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