Evaluation of grain yield and diastatic power in barley for north western plains of India

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Vishnu Kumar ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Ajit Singh Kharub ◽  
Gyanendra Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Diastatic Power ◽  
North Western

Dry matter accumulation and partitioning and its relationship to grain yield in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Flood ◽  
PJ Martin ◽  
WK Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
The North ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Stem Reserves ◽  
North Western

Total crop dry matter (DM) production and its components, remobilisation of stem reserves, and the relation of these to grain yield were studied in 10 wheat cultivars sown at Walpeup, Boort, and Horsham in the north-western Victorian wheatbelt. Between sites, all DM components decreased in the order Horsham > Boort > Walpeup. Differences between Boort and Walpeup were not always significant. Total DM at anthesis for Walpeu,p and Boort was in a similar range, and less than that for Horsham. Yields increased in the order Walpeup < Boort < Horsham. When data from the 3 sites were combined, leaf, stem (excluding cv. Argentine IX), and total DM were related to grain yield. Within sites, ear DM at anthesis was related to grain yield. Grain yield for all cultivars at Horsham and Walpeup and 5 cultivars at Boort was greater than the increases in crop DM from anthesis to maturity, indicating that pre-anthesis stored assimilates (stem reserves) were used for grain filling. Post-anthesis decrease in stem weight was inversely related to grain yield only at Horsham, which supports the view of utilisation of stem reserves for grain filling at this site. At Boort and Walpeup there was a similar negative trend, but values for 2 cultivars at each site were outliers, which weakened the trend. The wide adaptability of the Australian cultivars used in this study may be related to the differential remobilisation of stem reserves at each site. A measure of yield stability, however, was not related to stem weight loss during the grain-filling period.

Barley malting quality and yield interrelationships and the effect on yield distribution of selection for malting quality in the early generations

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Q. Lu ◽  
L. O'Brien ◽  
I. M. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Diastatic Power ◽  
Selection For

Relationships between malting quality attributes and grain yield in segregating populations can profoundly influence the intensity and sequence of trait selection. Consequently, the interrelationships between malting quality parameters predicted by near infrared transmittance (NIT) spectroscopy, grain weight, and grain yield in unselected populations of F2, F3, and F4 breeding lines from 4 barley crosses were examined. The simple and partial correlations between malt extract, protein content, and diastatic power were similar to those reported in previous studies except for a positive correlation between malt extract and diastatic power in the F2 and F3 generations. This positive relationship should enhance selection for improved malting quality in breeding programs. There were no relationships between grain yield and malting quality attributes, which would have an adverse impact on the intensity and sequence of trait selection. The effect of F2 and F3 selection for malting quality on F3 and F4 yield distributions was estimated by comparing the F3 and F4 yield distributions of the entire unselected population with those for the selected populations. Individual selection and sequential independent selection in the F2 and F3 generation for malting quality parameters predicted by NIT spectroscopy and grain weight in 4 crosses generally did not alter the nature of the subsequent yield distributions, yet 78–90% of lines could be discarded and there still existed adequate genetic gain for grain yield in the retained population of potentially good malting quality lines. These results indicate that barley breeders could use NIT spectroscopy to efficiently select in the early generations for malting quality prior to the conduct of yield testing and obtain good genetic gain for both malting quality and grain yield.

Nitrogen accumulation and distribution at anthesis and maturity in ten wheats grown at three sites in north-western Victoria

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Flood ◽  
P. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
North Western ◽  
Nitrogen Percentage ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest

Plant nitrogen relationships were studied in 10 wheat cultivars sown at 3 sites (Horsham, Boort and Walpeup) in north-western Victoria by determining the nitrogen concentration and nitrogen content of plant components at anthesis and maturity. While the concentration of nitrogen varied in different plant components, whole plants at anthesis had a nitrogen concentration below the value required for maximum growth. The time to anthesis had an influence only on grain yield and grain nitrogen percentage at Horsham. Total assimilation of nitrogen at both anthesis and maturity was more strongly correlated to plant dry matter than plant nitrogen concentration. There was a significant negative correlation between grain nitrogen percentage and both nitrogen harvest index and harvest index. Grain yield was strongly correlated with total nitrogen accumulated at anthesis and more strongly correlated with total nitrogen accumulated at maturity. Grain yield was significantly correlated with nitrogen harvest index and more strongly correlated with harvest index. Grain yield was negatively correlated with grain nitrogen percentage. The negative association between grain nitrogen percentage and harvest index has important implications for the breeding of wheat with higher grain nitrogen percentage while maintaining or increasing grain yield. The results indicated that none of the measured parameters could be used for indirect selection aimed at improving grain nitrogen percentage.

Residual benefits of limestone and superphosphate on barley yields and soil-water deficits on a krasnozem in north-western Tasmania

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Rowe ◽  
DE Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
North Western ◽  
Barley Crop ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Twelve years after the last application of limestone, the residual benefits of 15 t/ha of surface applied limestone were measured on barley grown on a krasnozem [Gn4.11, pH 5.5 (1:5 soil:water)] at Elliott in north-western Tasmania. Liming increased grain yield by 77% (1.9 t/ha) when phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), and molybdenum (Mo) were non-limiting. An increase in the number of ears per m2 accounted for 73% of the yield increase, number of seeds per ear 20%, and slightly larger grains 7%. The soil-water deficit on the limed plots at the end of the growing season did not exceed that on the unlimed plots. We suggest that the crop responses to liming were due not to an increase in the potential soil-water available for extraction by the crop but to increased levels of available nitrogen on the limed plots, which increased tillering before the onset of water stress. Termination of superphosphate applications 20 years before reduced yield by 1.18 t/ha, to 59% of the yield obtained with superphosphate applied at 500 kg/ha.year. By comparison, the liming effect was 1.6 times larger. The barley crop responded equally to both the P and S components of the superphosphate, but did not respond to K or Mo fertilisers.

scholarly journals Conservation Agriculture Based Integrated Crop Management Sustains the Maize–Wheat Rotation of North-Western India: Five Years’ Impacts on Crops and Water Productivity, Economic Profitability, Sustainable Yield Index and Soil Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Pooniya ◽  
R. R. Zhiipao ◽  
Niraj Biswakarma ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Y. S. Shivay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Sustainable Yield ◽  
Integrated Crop Management ◽  
Sustainable Yield Index ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
North Western

Abstract We have evaluated eight different integrated crop management (ICM) modules for five years in a maize-wheat rotation (MWR); wherein, ICM1&2- ˈbusiness-as-usualˈ (conventional flatbed maize and wheat, ICM3&4- conventional raised bed (CTRB) maize and wheat without residues, ICM5&6- conservation agriculture (CA)-based zero till (ZT) flatbed maize and wheat with the residues, and ICM7&8- CA-based ZT raised bed maize and wheat with the residues. Results indicated that the ICM7&8 produced significantly (p<0.05) the highest maize grain yield (5 years av.) which was 7.8-21.3% greater than the ICM1-6. However, across years, the ICM5-8 gave statistically similar wheat grain yield, and was 8.4-11.5% greater than the ICM1-4. Similarly, the CA-based residue retained ICM5-8 modules had given 9.5-14.3% (5 years av.) greater system yields in terms of maize grain equivalents (MGEY) over the residue removed CT-based ICM1&4. System water productivity (SWP) was the highest with ICM5-8, being 10.3-17.8% higher than the ICM1-4. Nevertheless, the highest water use (TWU) was recorded in the CT flatbed (ICM1&2), ~7% more than the raised bed and ZT planted crops with or without the residues (ICM4-8). Furthermore, the ICM1-4 had produced 9.54% greater variable production costs compared to the ICM5-8, whereas, the ICM5-8 gave 24.3-27.4% additional returns than the ICM1-4. Also, different ICM modules caused significant (p<0.05) impacts on the soil properties, such as, organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), dehydrogenase (SDH), alkaline phosphatase (SAP) and urease (URE) activities. In 0.0-0.15 m soil profile, residue retained CA-based (ICM5-8) modules registered a 7.1-14.3% greater SOC and 10.2-17.3% SMBC than the ICM1-4. The sustainable yield index (SYI) of MWR was 13.4-18.6% greater under the ICM7&8 compared to the ICM1-4. Hence, this study conclude that the adoption of the CA-based residue retained ICMs in the MWR could sustain the crop yields, enhance farm profits, save water and improve soil properties of the north-western plan zones of India.

Using unbalanced data from a barley breeding program to estimate gene effects: the Ha2, Ha4, and sdw1 genes

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A Eagles ◽  
D. B. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Diastatic Power ◽  
Barley Breeding

The effects of genes in self-pollinated crops are usually estimated from designed experiments where selection is minimised. In this study, we used a large, but unbalanced, dataset from a barley breeding program to estimate the effects of the Ha2, Ha4, and sdw1 genes on grain yield, grain weight, grain protein, malt extract, and diastatic power. The Ha2 and Ha4 genes for resistance to cereal cyst nematode were under intense selection pressure, whereas the sdw1 gene, which reduces plant height, was under mild selection pressure.From a mixed-model analysis of mainly F5-derived lines over 5 years, resistance due to the Ha2 gene was found to increase grain yields at 2 sites where the nematode was expected to be present, but not at 3 other sites. There was no significant effect of Ha4 on grain yield. Because of selection, data from later stages of evaluation were not useable for Ha2 or Ha4. From analyses of both early stage and later stages of evaluation, the semi-dwarf allele of the sdw1 gene increased grain yields at high-yielding sites, but decreased yields at low-yielding sites. The semi-dwarf allele reduced grain weight. The effects of Ha2 or Ha4 on malt extract and diastatic power were not significant, but the semi-dwarf allele at sdw1 reduced grain protein.We concluded that plant breeding data can be used to successfully estimate the effects of important genes, with bias due to selection minimised by the use of data from appropriate stages of selection and the use of appropriate statistical models.

scholarly journals Grain Yield, Heat use Efficiency and Water use Efficiency of Diverse Wheat (Tritcum aetivum L.) Varieties under Different Sowing Environments in North-Western India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Ram ◽  
Maninder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Western India ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
North Western

Background: Wheat is an important food crop of world. This crop has the wider adaptability due to its genetic makeup. The sowing environment and varieties interaction plays important role to enhance its productivity and optimum utilization of the resources. As this crop has wider adaptability so we planned our experiment to study the grain yield, heat use and water use efficiency of diverse wheat varieties which have been recommended in different wheat growing zones, sown at different environment in North-western India, to increase the varietal spectrum.Methods: The field experiment was conducted in 2017-18 and 2018-19 at the research farm of the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. The experiment was conducted with four sowing dates (November 5, November 25, December 15 and January 5) in main plot and six wheat varieties (HS 562, HD 2967, HD 3086, HI 1544, MACS 6222 and WR 544) in sub-plot of split plot design with three replications. Result: The wheat crop sown on November 5 recorded the highest emergence count, plant height, heat use efficiency, normalized difference vegetative index, yield attributes, grain yield and water use efficiency than later sowing dates. Among the wheat varieties, HS 562 recommended for northern hill zone recorded heat use efficiency, helio-thermal use efficiency, at Leaf value, effective tillers, grains per earhead, grain yield and water use efficiency similar to HD 3086 recommended for North-western zone. The varieties recommended for other zones like HI 1544, MACS 6222 and WR 544 could not perform similar to the HD 3086. 

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