Effect of plant density and nitrogen levels on grain yield and agronomic efficiency for nitrogen in zero till sorghum

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time on yield and seed quality of barley. The treatments used in the experiment consisted of two varieties viz. BARI Barley 4 and BARI Barley 5, three harvesting time viz. 35, 40 and 45 Days after Anthesis (DAA) and nitrogen levels viz. 0, 70, 85 and 100 kg N ha-1 . The experiment was laid out in a spilt- spilt-plot design with three replications assigning the variety to the main plot, harvesting time to the sub-plots and nitrogen level to the sub-sub plots. Variety had significant effects on the all yield attributes except fertile seeds spike-1 . Seed quality parameters viz. normal seeds spike-1 , deformed seeds spike-1 , germination (%) and vigour index were statistically significant. The variety BARI Barley 5 produced higher grain yield and seed quality than BARI Barley 4. Grain yield from BARI Barley 5 and BARI Barley 4 were 4.59 t ha-1 and 4.24 t ha-1 , respectively. Significantly, the highest 1000-seed weight (46.90 g) was produced by BARI Barley 5 than (37.90 g) BARI Barley 4. The result revealed that harvesting time had significant effect on yield and yield attributes and seed quality parameters. Seed yield was highest (4.65 t ha-1 ) when the crop harvested at 40 DAA and it was increased linearly from 35 DAA. Maximum quality seed and 1000-seed weight (43.20 g) was obtained when the crop harvested at 40 DAA. All the yields, yield attributes and seed quality parameters were significantly influenced by nitrogen levels. The highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained when BARI Barley 5 variety was fertilized by 100 kg N ha-1 and the lowest (3.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained from control treatments. Normal seeds spike-1 , vigour index, germination (%) were better at 85 kg N ha-1 in variety of BARI Barley 5 than BARI Barley 4. So it can be concluded that BARI Barley 5 showed better result when fertilized with 100 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting maximum yield and 85 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting better quality seed.

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YIELD OF CORN HYBRIDS DEPENDING ON PLANT DENSITY AND FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS

Technical and technological aspects of development and testing of new machinery and technologies for agriculture of Ukraine ◽

10.31473/2305-5987-2020-2-27(41)-22 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

V. Polyakov ◽

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Density ◽

Growing Season ◽

Research Field ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Field Calculation ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Maize Hybrid ◽

Fertilizer System

The article presents the results of research on the formation of corn yield for grain depending on the elements of cultivation technology in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The goal of the research was to identify the influence of plant density and fertilizer system on the yield of corn hybrids for grain. The research was conducted during 2017-2019 in the research field of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (Bila Tserkva NAU). Research methods: field, calculation and statistical. Results. Regularities of growth, development and formation of yield by plants are revealed, both in concrete conditions of years of researches, and taking into account average long-term values taking into account features of hybrid-oriented technology. According to the results of the experiment it was recorded that the maximum yields for growing early-maturing maize hybrid DN PIVYHA with FAO 180 in general were obtained at a pre-harvest density of 75 thousand units/ha and the use of combined organo-mineral fertilizer system - 11.09 t/ha; medium-early maize hybrid DN ORLYK, FAO 280 in general in the experiment provided a grain yield of 9.60 t/ha, and in terms of 2017 - 7.86 t/ha, in 2018 - 11.22 t/ha and in 2019 - 9, 72 t/ha, but the medium-ripe hybrid of corn DN SARMAT, FAO 380 provided a grain yield of 10.81 t/ha, and in the context of 2017 - 9.31 t/ha, in 2018 - 11.68 t/ha and in 2019 - 11.44 t/ha. Significant influence on the formation of the yield of corn has a hybrid factor (27 %), fertilizer system determines the level of productivity by 21 % and interacts closely with the conditions of the growing season (factor BV 9 %), growing season conditions also determine the level of productivity of corn plants (19 %), and the pre-harvest density determines this feature by 18 %. Conclusions: In the conditions of the Right Bank part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine there is an increase in the level of productivity of maize hybrids from early to medium-ripe hybrids, regardless of the influence of other experimental factors.

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Optimizing Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency Based on the Relationship between Leaf Area Index and Evapotranspiration

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11040313 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 313

Author(s):

Guoqiang Zhang ◽

Bo Ming ◽

Dongping Shen ◽

Ruizhi Xie ◽

Peng Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Water Use ◽

Plant Density ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Area Index ◽

Irrigation Level ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Relationship

Achieving optimal balance between maize yield and water use efficiency is an important challenge for irrigation maize production in arid areas. In this study, we conducted an experiment in Xinjiang China in 2016 and 2017 to quantify the response of maize yield and water use to plant density and irrigation schedules. The treatments included four irrigation levels: 360 (W1), 480 (W2), 600 (W3), and 720 mm (W4), and five plant densities: 7.5 (D1), 9.0 (D2), 10.5 (D3), 12.0 (D4), and 13.5 plants m−2 (D5). The results showed that increasing the plant density and the irrigation level could both significantly increase the leaf area index (LAI). However, LAI expansion significantly increased evapotranspiration (ETa) under irrigation. The combination of irrigation level 600 mm (W3) and plant density 12.0 plants m−2 (D4) produced the highest maize yield (21.0–21.2 t ha−1), ETa (784.1–797.8 mm), and water use efficiency (WUE) (2.64–2.70 kg m−3), with an LAI of 8.5–8.7 at the silking stage. The relationship between LAI and grain yield and evapotranspiration were quantified, and, based on this, the relationship between water use and maize productivity was analyzed. Moreover, the optimal LAI was established to determine the reasonable irrigation level and coordinate the relationship between the increase in grain yield and the decrease in water use efficiency.

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Optimizing Planting Density and Impact of Panicle Types on Grain Yield and Microclimatic Response Index of Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

International Journal of Plant Production ◽

10.1007/s42106-021-00150-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guotao Yang ◽

Xuechun Wang ◽

Farhan Nabi ◽

Hongni Wang ◽

Changkun Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Plant Density ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Planting Density ◽

Response Index ◽

Lower Position ◽

High Plant Density

AbstractThe architecture of rice plant represents important and complex agronomic traits, such as panicles morphology, which directly influence the microclimate of rice population and consequently grain yield. To enhance yield, modification of plant architecture to create new hybrid cultivars is considered a sustainable approach. The current study includes an investigation of yield and microclimate response index under low to high plant density of two indica hybrid rice R498 (curved panicles) and R499 (erect panicles), from 2017 to 2018. The split-plot design included planting densities of 11.9–36.2 plant/m2. The results showed that compared with R498, R499 produced a higher grain yield of 8.02–8.83 t/ha at a higher planting density of 26.5–36.2 plant/m2. The response index of light intensity and relative humidity to the planting density of R499 was higher than that of R498 at the lower position of the rice population. However, the response index of temperature to the planting density of R499 was higher at the upper position (0.2–1.4%) than at the lower position. Compared with R498, R499 at a high planting density developed lower relative humidity (78–88%) and higher light intensity (9900–15,916 lx) at the lower position of the rice population. Our finding suggests that erect panicles are highly related to grain yield microclimatic contributors under a highly dense rice population, such as light intensity utilization, humidity, and temperature. The application of erect panicle rice type provides a potential strategy for yield improvement by increasing microclimatic conditions in rice.

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Effects of seeding date and seeding rate on yield, proximate composition and total tannins content of two Kabuli chickpea cultivars

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2017.890 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Roberto Ruggeri ◽

Riccardo Primi ◽

Pier Paolo Danieli ◽

Bruno Ronchi ◽

Francesco Rossini

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Density ◽

Ascochyta Blight ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Seeding Date ◽

Cultivar Selection ◽

Marked Resistance ◽

Considerable Range

Experiments were conducted in open field to assess the effect of seeding season and density on the yield, the chemical composition and the accumulation of total tannins in grains of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars (Pascià and Sultano). Environmental conditions and genetic factors considerably affected grain yield, nutrient and total tannins content of chickpea seeds, giving a considerable range in its qualitative characteristics. Results confirmed cultivar selection as a central factor when a late autumn-early winter sowing is performed. In effect, a more marked resistance to Ascochyta blight (AB) of Sultano, allowed better agronomic performances when favourable-to-AB climatic conditions occur. Winter sowing appeared to be the best choice in the Mediterranean environment when cultivating to maximise the grain yield (+19%). Spring sowing improved crude protein (+10%) and crude fibre (+8%) content, whereas it did not significantly affect the accumulation of anti-nutrients compounds such as total tannins. The most appropriate seeding rate was 70 seeds m–2, considering that plant density had relatively little effect on the parameters studied.

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PLANT DENSITY AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON COMMON BEAN NUTRITION AND YIELD

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n315rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 670-678 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

ROGÉRIO PERES SORATTO ◽

TIAGO ARANDA CATUCHI ◽

EMERSON DE FREITAS CORDOVA DE SOUZA ◽

JADER LUIS NANTES GARCIA

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Common Bean ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Plant Density ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Concentration ◽

Plant Densities ◽

N Rates ◽

Lower Plant

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant densities and sidedressed nitrogen (N) rates on nutrition and productive performance of the common bean cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola. For each cultivar, a randomized complete block experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Plots consisted of three plant densities (5, 7, and 9 plants ha-1) and subplots of five N rates (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1). Aboveground dry matter, leaf macro- and micronutrient concentrations, yield components, grain yield, and protein concentration in grains were evaluated. Lower plant densities (5 and 7 plants m-1) increased aboveground dry matter production and the number of pods per plant and did not reduce grain yield. In the absence of N fertilization, reduction of plant density decreased N concentration in common bean leaves. Nitrogen fertilization linearly increased dry matter and leaf N concentration, mainly at lower plant densities. Regardless of plant density, the N supply linearly increased grain yield of cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola by 17.3 and 52.2%, respectively.

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Response of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) to plant density and phosphorus fertilizer under dryland conditions

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600035930 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 119-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I. P. S. Ahlawat ◽

C. S. Saraf

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Plant Density ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽

Total N ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Plant Densities

SUMMARYField studies were made for 2 years on a sandy loam soil under dryland conditions of north-west India with three pigeon-pea varieties in relation to plant density and the application of phosphate fertilizer. Varieties Pusa Ageti and P4785 with better developed root system and profuse nodulation had higher grain and stalk yield, and higher N and P yield than Prabhat. Root and shoot growth and root nodulation were adversely affected with increasing plant densities in the range 50 × 103 and 150 × 103 plants/ha. Stalk and total N and P yield increased with increasing plant density. Plant density of 117 × 103 plants/ha produced maximum grain yield of 1·53 t/ha. Phosphorus fertilizer promoted root and shoot growth, intensity and volume of nodulation and increased grain, stalk, N and P yield. The effect of plant density on grain yield was more pronounced in the presence of phosphate fertilizer. The economic optimum rate of P ranged between 22·1 and 23·1 kg/ha under different plant densities.

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Diallelic analysis for lysine and oil contents in maize grains

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162009000200009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 204-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leonardo Oliveira Medici ◽

Salete Aparecida Gaziola ◽

Vanderlei Aparecido Varisi ◽

José Antonio Carmezini de Paula ◽

Renato Rodrigues Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Oil Content ◽

General Combining Ability ◽

Lysine Content ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

N Level ◽

Complete Series ◽

Selection For ◽

Selection Of

Six S5 lines of maize, with differences for lysine and oil contents in grains, were used to carry out a complete series of diallelic crosses. The resulting 15 hybrids were grown in a field at two nitrogen levels (10 and 130 kg N ha-1). The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were obtained by using the method 4, model I of Griffing for grain yield, and grain lysine and oil contents. Significant (p < 0.001) interaction was observed between GCA and N levels for grain yield, indicating the selection of different lines for each N level. This interaction was not significant for lysine content, but there were significant effects of GCA for this trait at both N levels (p < 0.1). Significant effects were not observed for GCA or SCA for oil content, however a positive correlation was observed between lysine and oil contents in the hybrids, in the lines and even in the control cultivars. The results indicate the effectiveness of selection for lysine content, irrespective of N level, in the studied non-opaque maize lines, and the possibility of achieving both high lysine and oil content in grains.

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Spatial arrangement of maize plants aiming to maximize grain yield in the hybrid BRS-3046

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.10.p2525 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1662-1669

Author(s):

Marcus Willame Lopes Carvalho ◽

Edson Alves Bastos ◽

Milton José Cardoso ◽

Aderson Soares de Andrade Junior ◽

Carlos Antônio Ferreira de Sousa

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Density ◽

Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Spatial Arrangement ◽

Co2 Assimilation ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Planting Density ◽

Row Spacing

The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate the effect of different spatial arrangements on morpho-physiological characteristics and (ii) determine the optimal spatial arrangement to maximize grain yield of the maize hybrid BRS-3046 grown in the Mid-North region of Brazil. We tested two row spacings (0.5 and 1 m) and five plant densities (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 plants m-2), which corresponded to 10 different plant spatial arrangements. Different morphophysiological variables, gas exchange rates and grain yield were measured. The increased planting density led to a linear increase in LAI, regardless of row spacing, while the net CO2 assimilation rate increased until the density of 4 and 6 plants m-2, under a row spacing of 0.5 and 1.0 m, respectively. On the other hand, we found a linear reduction in the stomatal conductance with increasing planting density. The intercellular CO2 concentration and the transpiration rate were higher in the widest row spacing. The instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation, in turn, showed a slight increase up to the density of six plants m-2, then falling, regardless of row spacing. Increasing plant density resulted in a linear increase in plant height and ear insertion height, regardless of row spacing. However, it had an opposite effect on stem diameter. Grain yield, in turn, increased up to 7.3 plants m-2 at a row spacing of 0.5 m and 8 plants m-2 at a row spacing of 1.0 m. This spatial arrangement was considered as ideal for achieving maximum yield

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