scholarly journals Personality trait stability and change

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Bleidorn ◽  
Christopher J. Hopwood ◽  
Mitja D. Back ◽  
Jaap J. A. Denissen ◽  
Marie Hennecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Current State ◽  
Trait Stability ◽  
Trait Development

Personality traits continue to change throughout the lifespan. However, we still know little about when, why, and how personality traits change. In this paper, we review the current state of scientific evidence regarding the nature, sources, and processes of personality trait stability and change. We revisit past disputes over the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences, discuss studies on life events and personality trait development, and summarize theory and research on personality change processes. In doing so, we derive general principles of personality trait development, highlight limitations of past research, and present the broad outlines for future research on personality trait development, with a particular emphasis on relevant methodological issues and conceptual challenges.

The Principles of Personality Trait Development and Their Relation to Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Brent W. Roberts ◽  
Rodica I. Damian
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Trait Stability ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Trait Development

This chapter reviews five empirically supported principles of personality development: cumulative continuity (i.e., increasing trait stability across development), maturity (i.e., persons grow more socially adapted across development), social investment (i.e., commitment to socially conventional roles promotes maturity), corresponsiveness (i.e., persons choose environments that support their personalities), and plasticity (i.e., personality change can occur throughout the life course). Evidence for each of these principles is reviewed. Finally, implications for psychopathology are drawn.

scholarly journals An fMRI investigation of the relations between Extraversion, internalizing psychopathology, and neural activation following reward receipt in the Human Connectome Project sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtland S. Hyatt ◽  
Emily S. Hallowell ◽  
Max M. Owens ◽  
Brandon M. Weiss ◽  
Lawrence H. Sweet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Internalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Human Connectome Project

Abstract Quantitative models of psychopathology (i.e., HiTOP) propose that personality and psychopathology are intertwined, such that the various processes that characterize personality traits may be useful in describing and predicting manifestations of psychopathology. In the current study, we used data from the Human Connectome Project (N = 1050) to investigate neural activation following receipt of a reward during an fMRI task as one shared mechanism that may be related to the personality trait Extraversion (specifically its sub-component Agentic Extraversion) and internalizing psychopathology. We also conducted exploratory analyses on the links between neural activation following reward receipt and the other Five-Factor Model personality traits, as well as separate analyses by gender. No significant relations (p < .005) were observed between any personality trait or index of psychopathology and neural activation following reward receipt, and most effect sizes were null to very small in nature (i.e., r < |.05|). We conclude by discussing the appropriate interpretation of these null findings, and provide suggestions for future research that spans psychological and neurobiological levels of analysis.

WoCoVA consensus on the clinical use of in-line filtration during intravenous infusions: Current evidence and recommendations for future research

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982198916
Author(s):  
Ton Van Boxtel ◽  
Mauro Pittiruti ◽  
Annemarie Arkema ◽  
Patrick Ball ◽  
Giovanni Barone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Current State ◽  
Intravenous Infusions ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Definition Of

The need for filtering intravenous infusions has long been recognized in the field of venous access, though hard scientific evidence about the actual indications for in-line filters has been scarce. In the last few years, several papers and a few clinical studies have raised again this issue, suggesting that the time has come for a proper definition of the type of filtration, of its potential benefit, and of its proper indications in clinical practice. The WoCoVA Foundation, whose goal is to increase the global awareness on the risk of intravenous access and on patients’ safety, developed the project of a consensus on intravenous filtration. A panel of experts in different aspects of intravenous infusion was chosen to express the current state of knowledge about filtration and to indicate the direction of future research in this field. The present document reports the final conclusions of the panel.

Self-Management of Arthritis

2017 ◽  
pp. 171-196
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Brooks ◽  
Kanako Iwanaga ◽  
Fong Chan
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Arthritis is ranked among the top causes of disability in the United States and worldwide. Despite recent improvements in medications and medical treatment, there is no known cure for arthritis. Providing evidence-based psychoeducation and counseling services to people with arthritis lessens the impact of pain-related symptoms and disability on the individual and society. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the most common arthritic conditions, co-occurring physical conditions, and psychosocial factors associated with arthritis. Barriers to self-management and existing self-management programs are also discussed along with the current state of scientific evidence. The chapter concludes with some questions for future research.

Reclaiming Personality Traits for Personnel Selection: Self-Esteem as an Illustrative Case

1988 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Hollenbeck ◽  
Ellen M. Whitener
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
And Performance

Previous reviews documenting the low validity and utility associ-ated with personality measures should not lead researchers in the area of personnel selection to abandon the use of such variables. The lack offindings in past research can be explained by (a) misspecification of the model by anticipating direct effects; (b) inadequate statistical power; and (c) contamination of measures by relying on self-report or observational methods. An alternative model in which personality measures have interactive effects with ability tests in predicting per-formance provides a stronger theoretical rationale to support a rela-tionship between personality variables and performance. Sample sizes also need to be increased significantly in order to provide adequate tests of the validity of personality measures in personnel selection. Measures of personality traits based on perception and judgment pro-vide a more promising approach to obtaining less contaminated in-dices. Future research that avoids the problems of the past may pro-vide a more positive picture of the utility of personality traits as screening devices.

scholarly journals Emociones en Educación Física. Una revisión bibliográfica (2015-2017) (Emotions in Physical Education. A bibliographic review (2015-2017))

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 597-603
Author(s):  
Carlos Bermudez Torres ◽  
Pedro Saenz-López
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Current State ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Emotional Education

Las evidencias científicas de la importancia de las emociones en el ámbito educativo son cada vez mayores y más concluyentes. Así, se ha realizado una investigación teniendo como principal objetivo conocer el estado de la educación emocional en el área de la Educación Física. Para ello, a través de una revisión sistemática, se ha buscado en la base de datos Web Of Science, donde se han seleccionado 21 artículos, comprendidos entre 2015-2017 a través de criterios de inclusión acorde a los objetivos planteados. Estos artículos seleccionados se han analizado para su posterior categorización y obtención de los resultados. Estos últimos indican que se han realizado más investigaciones dedicadas a los alumnos que a los docentes, además se ha tratado en mayor medida la educación emocional como un fin que como un medio o en relación con otras variables. Finalmente, se propone futuras líneas de investigación y aplicaciones prácticas para los docentes.Abstract. Scientific evidence on the importance of emotions in the educational context is growing and becoming more conclusive. These investigation has been carried out with the main objective of knowing the current state of Emotional Education in the area of Physical Education. A total of 21 articles published between 2015 and 2017 were selected according to the inclusion criteria of our objectives, after a systematic review of works in the Web of Science database. These articles were analysed and successively categorized to extrapolate results. These indicate that research in the field has focused more on students than on teachers; additionally, emotional education has been treated as a target rather than as a mean, or rather than studying its relation with other variables. Finally, future research lines and practical applications for teachers are suggested.

The Behavioural Genetics of Personality Development in Adulthood—Classic, Contemporary, and Future Trends

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Bleidorn ◽  
Christian Kandler ◽  
Avshalom Caspi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Personality Stability

Behavioural genetic research has led to important advances in the field of personality psychology. When carried out on longitudinal data, behavioural genetic studies also offer promising ways to examine the genetic and environmental origins of personality stability and change. Here, we review the findings of longitudinal twin studies, discuss their implications for our understanding of adult personality development, and point out open questions that need to be addressed by future research. Three general conclusions stand out. First, there is a strong and relatively stable genetic foundation of individual differences in personality throughout the adult life span; second, environmental influences become more important and contribute to an increasing rank–order stability of personality traits from early to middle adulthood; and third, both genetic and nonshared environmental influences contribute to both stability and change in personality traits. Equipped with this knowledge, the most urgent tasks for the next generation of behavioural genetic studies on personality development will be to (i) identify measurable environmental factors that matter and (ii) to capture the interplay between genetic and environmental influences on personality stability and change throughout adulthood. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals How Does Substance Use Affect Personality Development? Disentangling Between- and Within-Person Effects

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855062092170
Author(s):  
Lara Kroencke ◽  
Niclas Kuper ◽  
Wiebke Bleidorn ◽  
Jaap Denissen
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Big Five Personality

Little is known about the effects of substance use on changes in broad personality traits. This 10-year longitudinal study sought to fill this void using a large, representative sample of the Dutch population ( N = 10,872), which provided annual assessments of drug use (tobacco, alcohol, sedatives, soft drugs, ecstasy, hallucinogens, and hard drugs), Big Five personality traits, life satisfaction, and self-esteem. Using multilevel models, we examined the longitudinal associations between drug use and personality both between and within persons. Results indicated that individuals with low levels of conscientiousness, life satisfaction, and self-esteem, as well as high levels of neuroticism, used more drugs on average (between-person effects). In contrast, we found little evidence for personality change following substance use (within-person effects). We discuss these findings in the context of previous empirical and theoretical work and highlight opportunities for future research.

scholarly journals Personality and Online Shopping Outcomes: A Study of Young Adult Chinese Consumers [Abstract]

10.28945/4050 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Online Questionnaire

Aim/Purpose: This study focuses on the role of personality in online shopping through analyzing its relationship with customer reported shopping outcomes and their satisfaction. Background: Customer satisfaction and outcomes in online shopping have been well-documented. From different perspectives, past research has analysed factors related to customer satisfaction, and to outcomes to a lesser extent. Personality has also been found to be a factor relevant to the intention of online shopping. However, research has seldom investigated the role of personality in customer reported outcomes and their satisfaction with online shopping. Methodology: Quantitative data were obtained through an online questionnaire survey. The survey included questions about respondents’ satisfaction with their general online shopping experience. It also asked respondents to report the perceived outcomes of online shopping in terms of enjoyment, quality, savings, etc. Shoppers reported their personality using questions around Big Five Personality Traits. 384 Chinese living in China completely responded to the survey and were included in this study. Contribution: A research model is established that includes the respondents’ five personality traits, online shopping satisfaction, and outcomes of online shopping. Findings: Structural equation modelling analysis of the model shows that personality has direct relationship with customer satisfaction and their reported outcomes of online shopping, which in term influence shoppers’ future intention to shop online. Specifically, personality of agreement, extraversity, and neurotics are significantly related to online shopping outcomes, while only extraversity is significantly related to their satisfaction. Recommendations for Practitioners: For practitioners who work in online shopping, this study may help them understand how customers satisfaction is predetermined by their personality traits. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers may find ways to help individuals understand and control consumers' personal behavior in online shopping. Impact on Society: This study may bring awareness of the importance of understanding personality traits for business and consumers in online shopping. Future Research: Future research may find ways to have influence on both business through their online consumer interface and on consumers through their behavior control.

Unusual sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Koffel ◽  
David Watson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Common Domain ◽  
State Boundaries ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Wake State

This paper reviews studies that have examined associations between unusual sleep experiences (including nightmares, vivid dreaming, narcolepsy symptoms, and complex nighttime behaviors) and dissociation and schizotypy. Using correlational studies and structural analyses, evidence is provided that unusual sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy belong to a common domain. It is demonstrated that unusual sleep experiences show specificity to dissociation and schizotypy compared to other daytime symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression, substance use) and other sleep disturbances (e.g., insomnia, lassitude/fatigue). The paper also outlines the methodological limitations of the existing evidence and makes suggestions for future research. Finally, three models for the overlap of daytime and nighttime symptoms are reviewed, including biological abnormalities, trauma, and personality traits. Although further research is needed, it is suggested that daytime and nighttime symptoms result from problems with sleep-wake state boundaries, which may be precipitated by stress or trauma. In addition, association between daytime and nighttime symptoms can be attributed to the higher order personality trait of Oddity.

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