scholarly journals The influence of laser irradiation on the development of vegetative mycelium Pleurotus ostreatus

Biologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Reshetnyk ◽  
Yurіy Prysedsky ◽  
Dmytro Yuskov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Vegetative Mycelium ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Cultivation Process

The article presents the results of the study on the influence of laser irradiation on the development of vegetative mycelium and the period of the occurrence of the corcules of the fruit bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus. It has been established the growth processes of P. ostreatus, can be best stimulated by applying laser irradiation of mycelium with a green spectrum of light for 10 s. According to this mode of exposure, the best increase in the growth rate of mycelium of 38.3% and the appearance of the largest number of rudiments of the fruiting bodies were recorded. Laser irradiation of mycelium for 10 s with red and blue light spectrum increased the growth rate of mycelium from 7.41 to 20.4%, respectively, and the number of rudiments of the fruiting bodies increased by 1.5 to 2 times. Laser irradiation of the mycelium with 5 s, 15 s, and 20 s with red, blue, and green light spectra did not have a significant effect on the growth processes of P. ostreatus. These data open significant prospects for the modification of the existing cultivation technologies, which would increase the economic efficiency of the biotechnological cultivation process of P. ostreatus.

scholarly journals Effects of light spectra and 15N pulses on growth, leaf morphology, physiology, and internal nitrogen cycling in Quercus variabilis Blume seedlings

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0243954
Author(s):  
Jun Gao ◽  
Jinsong Zhang ◽  
Chunxia He ◽  
Qirui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Quercus Variabilis ◽  
N Concentration

Light spectra of sunlight transmittance can generate an interactive effect with deposited nitrogen (N) on regenerated plants across varied shading conditions. Total N content in understory plants can be accounted for by both exogeneous and endogenous sources of derived N, but knowledge about the response of inner N cycling to interactive light and N input effects is unclear. We conducted a bioassay on Chinese cork oak (Quercus variabilis Blume) seedlings subjected to five-month N pulsing with 15NH4Cl (10.39 atom %) at 120 mg 15N plant-1 under the blue (48.5% blue, 33.7% green, and 17.8% red), red (14.6% blue, 71.7% red, 13.7% green), and green (17.4% blue, 26.2% red, 56.4% green) lighting-spectra. Half of the seedlings were fed twice a week using a 250 ppm N solution with micro-nutrients, while the other half just received distilled water. Two factors showed no interaction and neither affected growth and morphology. Compared to the red-light spectrum, that in blue light increased chlorophyll and soluble protein contents and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, root N concentration, and N derived from the pulses. The green-light spectrum induced more biomass allocation to roots and a higher percentage of N derived from internal reserves compared to the red-light spectrum. The 15N pulses reduced the reliance on N remobilization from acorns but strengthened shoot biomass, chlorophyll content, GS activity, and N concentration. In conclusion, light spectrum imposed an independent force from external N pulse to modify the proportion of N derived from internal sources in total N content in juvenile Q. variabilis.

scholarly journals Light spectra modify nitrogen assimilation and nitrogen content in Quercus variabilis Blume seedling components: A bioassay with 15N pulses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Gao ◽  
Jinsong Zhang ◽  
Chunxia He ◽  
Qirui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Quercus Variabilis ◽  
N Concentration

AbstractThe light spectra that reach plants change across different shading conditions, may alter the pattern of nitrogen (N) uptake and assimilation by understory regenerations that are also exposed to N deposition. We conducted a bioassay on Chinese cork oak (Quercus variabilis Blume) seedlings subjected to five-month N pulsing with 15NH4Cl (10.39 atom %) at 120 mg 15N plant-1 under the blue (48.5% blue, 33.7% green, and 17.8% red), red (14.6% blue, 71.7% red, 13.7% green), and green (17.4% blue, 26.2% red, 56.4% green) spectra provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Half of the seedlings were fed twice a week using a 250 ppm N solution with added phosphorus, potassium, and micro-nutrients, while the other half received only distilled water. Neither treatment affected growth of height, diameter, or leaf area. Compared to the red light spectrum, the blue light treatment increased chlorophyll and soluble protein contents and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, root N concentration, and N derived from the pulses. The green light spectrum induced more biomass to allocate to the roots and a higher percentage of N derived from internal reserves compared to the other two spectra. The 15N pulses demonstrated no interaction with spectra but weakened the reliance on N remobilization from acorns, strengthened biomass allocation to shoots, and induced higher chlorophyll content, GS activity, and N concentration. In conclusion, the red light spectrum should be avoided for Q. variabilis regenerations whose biomass allocation to underground organs are weakened under this condition.

scholarly journals Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.:Fr.) Kumm. influenced by laser irradiation

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Crop Capacity

It has been studied the effect of laser irradiation on growth parameters, fruiting terms and crop capacity of Pleurotus ostreatus under solid phase cultivation on different types of substrates that include sunflower husk (SH), wheat straw (WS) and floral scales of corn ears (FSCE). According to the research carried out the best P. ostreatus mycelium growth was revealed under the cultivation on 100% FSCE, the mycelium growth on 50% FSCE was 37,7% less. The mycelium growth on 50% SH, 100% SH and 50% WS substrates was 50.5%, 50.3% and 45.0% less respectively. The least mycelium growth was recorded on 100% WS substrate. Laser irradiation nonetheless had a positive effect on the mycelium growth on the substrates under analysis. In particular, the best reaction was in response to green spectrum eradiation under the cultivation on 100% wheat straw substrate that was 71.8% better than the control. Under the cultivation on other types of substrates the mycelium growth at green spectrum eradiation increased from 23.1% to 33.7% respectively. Red and blue spectra eradiation caused only slight mycelium growth changes. Green spectrum eradiation within 10 seconds promoted the crop capacity on all the substrates from 51.5 to 80.7%, except for the substrate with SH:WS:FSCE (25:25:50%), in which the crop capacity increased the most – by 87.9%. Also 10 second green spectrum impact on the mycelium reduced the substrate fouling term and accelerated the fruiting. It has been proved that the fruiting bodies grown out of the mycelium that was under 10 second green spectrum eradiation form in greater quantity compared to non-irradiated variants. Any significant differences in fungi fruiting bodies morphology on the substrates mentioned have not been found. Thus, the research carried out allowed to distinguish the most productive substrates and the most efficient mode of P. ostreatus growth stimulation with the help of laser irradiation. The results of the research prove the expediency of laser irradiation usage while cultivating macromycete P. ostreatus.

scholarly journals Blue as an Underrated Alternative to Green: Photoplethysmographic Heartbeat Intervals Estimation under Two Temperature Conditions

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4241
Author(s):  
Evgeniia Shchelkanova ◽  
Liia Shchapova ◽  
Alexander Shchelkanov ◽  
Tomohiro Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Characteristic Point ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameter ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Characteristic Points

Since photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors are usually placed on open skin areas, temperature interference can be an issue. Currently, green light is the most widely used in the reflectance PPG for its relatively low artifact susceptibility. However, it has been known that hemoglobin absorption peaks at the blue part of the spectrum. Despite this fact, blue light has received little attention in the PPG field. Blue wavelengths are commonly used in phototherapy. Combining blue light-based treatments with simultaneous blue PPG acquisition could be potentially used in patients monitoring and studying the biological effects of light. Previous studies examining the PPG in blue light compared to other wavelengths employed photodetectors with inherently lower sensitivity to blue, thereby biasing the results. The present study assessed the accuracy of heartbeat intervals (HBIs) estimation from blue and green PPG signals, acquired under baseline and cold temperature conditions. Our PPG system is based on TCS3472 Color Sensor with equal sensitivity to both parts of the light spectrum to ensure unbiased comparison. The accuracy of the HBIs estimates, calculated with five characteristic points (PPG systolic peak, maximum of the first PPG derivative, maximum of the second PPG derivative, minimum of the second PPG derivative, and intersecting tangents) on both PPG signal types, was evaluated based on the electrocardiographic values. The statistical analyses demonstrated that in all cases, the HBIs estimation accuracy of blue PPG was nearly equivalent to the G PPG irrespective of the characteristic point and measurement condition. Therefore, blue PPG can be used for cardiovascular parameter acquisition. This paper is an extension of work originally presented at the 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Physiology of Blue, Green, and Red Light: Light Intensity Effects and Underlying Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Response Curves

Red and blue light are traditionally believed to have a higher quantum yield of CO2 assimilation (QY, moles of CO2 assimilated per mole of photons) than green light, because green light is absorbed less efficiently. However, because of its lower absorptance, green light can penetrate deeper and excite chlorophyll deeper in leaves. We hypothesized that, at high photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), green light may achieve higher QY and net CO2 assimilation rate (An) than red or blue light, because of its more uniform absorption throughtout leaves. To test the interactive effects of PPFD and light spectrum on photosynthesis, we measured leaf An of “Green Tower” lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under red, blue, and green light, and combinations of those at PPFDs from 30 to 1,300 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1. The electron transport rates (J) and the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vc,max) at low (200 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1) and high PPFD (1,000 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1) were estimated from photosynthetic CO2 response curves. Both QYm,inc (maximum QY on incident PPFD basis) and J at low PPFD were higher under red light than under blue and green light. Factoring in light absorption, QYm,abs (the maximum QY on absorbed PPFD basis) under green and red light were both higher than under blue light, indicating that the low QYm,inc under green light was due to lower absorptance, while absorbed blue photons were used inherently least efficiently. At high PPFD, the QYinc [gross CO2 assimilation (Ag)/incident PPFD] and J under red and green light were similar, and higher than under blue light, confirming our hypothesis. Vc,max may not limit photosynthesis at a PPFD of 200 μmol m–2 s–1 and was largely unaffected by light spectrum at 1,000 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1. Ag and J under different spectra were positively correlated, suggesting that the interactive effect between light spectrum and PPFD on photosynthesis was due to effects on J. No interaction between the three colors of light was detected. In summary, at low PPFD, green light had the lowest photosynthetic efficiency because of its low absorptance. Contrary, at high PPFD, QYinc under green light was among the highest, likely resulting from more uniform distribution of green light in leaves.

scholarly journals The effect of NPK fertilizer with different dosage on the growth rate seaweed (Caulerpa racemosa)

DEPIK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Riyadi Subur ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Nebuchadnezzar Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Random Placement ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Different Doses

NPK is a type of fertilizer that plays a role in increasing growth and survival in plants such as seaweed. This study aims to determine the effect of different NPK fertilizer doses on the growth rate of seaweed (Caulerpa racemosa), and to determine which NPK fertilizer dosage has the best effect on the growth rate of C. racemosa. Research begins with collecting samples of seaweed in coastal waters. Ternate Island District Kastela, and the cultivation process is carried out on Jalan Jan, Tabona Village, South Ternate City. The time of the research was two months from August to October, 2020. This study used 12 units of cool box in the form of cork with a size of 90 x 30 cm, which is used as a container for maintaining of C. racemosa. In each treatment using a seed weight of 50 grams. The NPK fertilizer dosage treatment tested was 4 doses, with 3 replications, namely: treatment A: 40 ml NPK fertilizer; B: 60 ml NPK fertilizer; C: 80 ml NPK fertilizer; D: 0 ml NPK fertilizer (control). Research containers using random placement. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD), using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results obtained showed that NPK fertilizer with different doses the effect is not significantly different on the growth rate of C. racemosa with the highest average growth rate in treatment C amounting to 8.725%, followed by treatment B of 8.178%, treatment A of 7.761%, and the lowest was treatment D of 6.519%.Keywords:NPKSeaweedCaulerpa racemosaGrowth rate

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutritional and Medicinal Values of Edible Wild and Cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2054
Author(s):  
Sanem Bulam ◽  
Nebahat Şule Üstün ◽  
Aysun Pekşen
Keyword(s):  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Mycelial Biomass ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Because of its high nutritional value and pharmaceutical effects, oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm.) is collected from nature and cultivated in large scale. This therapeutic mushroom is consumed as a functional food or food additive in soups, cereal and dairy products, and commercially used in nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. The mycochemicals including polysaccharides (crude fiber and β-glucans), essential amino acids, ergothioneine, peptides, (glyco)proteins, lectins, phenolic compounds, polyketides (lovastatin), (tri)terpenoids, and enzymes are naturally found in the fruiting bodies and mycelial biomass of P. ostreatus. The major bioactive compounds concentration of this mushroom may be increased by modification of the substrate composition and cultivation or postharvest conditions. The goal of this review is to evaluate the results of the studies about the biochemical composition and medicinal properties of edible wild and cultivated P. ostreatus. Furthermore, the advanced novel cultivation techniques, biotechnological processes, and postharvest treatments were given in order to increase its nutritional and nutraceutical values.

scholarly journals Growth, Development, and Chemical Constituents of Edible Ice Plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) Produced under Combinations of Light-emitting Diode Lights

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thitipat Weeplian ◽  
Tsair-Bor Yen ◽  
Yunn-Shy Ho
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Late Growth

To investigate the effects of light treatments on the growth morphology and chemical constituents of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. plants, red (R), blue (B), far red (Fr), and white (W) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were configured to provide different combinations of light spectra and photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs). In Expt. 1, five light spectra of red/white (RW), red/white/far red (RWFr), red/white/high-intensity far red (RWFrD), red/blue (RB), and red/blue/far red (RBFr) were set up in two 3-layered racks with circulating hydroponic systems. In each light spectrum treatment, the distance between the LED lamps and the transplanting board was regulated to provide low PPFD and high PPFD treatments. In Expt. 2, the effect of Fr was further investigated in plants in the early and late growth stages. RWFr light was modified by covering the Fr lamps to become red/white without far red (RW−Fr) light during the early growth stage, and then removing the covers to provide the Fr spectrum red/white with far red (RW+Fr) during the later growth stage. This study suggested that high PPFD was not beneficial for promoting plant growth in any light spectrum treatment. Among light spectrum treatments at a PPFD of 215 ± 15 μmol·m−2·s−1, RW light produced higher vegetative growth. In the late growth stage, RW and RB combined with Fr light promoted reproductive growth, antioxidant activities, and secondary compounds, such as phenolic compounds, pinitol accumulation, and betacyanins. Therefore, RW (227 μmol·m−2·s−1), RW−Fr (162 μmol·m−2·s−1), and RB (162 μmol·m−2·s−1) are suggested for the early growth stage to promote vegetative growth. Then additional Fr light can be applied in addition to RW for secondary metabolite induction in the late growth stage.

For My Eyes Only

Secret Worlds ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 53-84
Author(s):  
Martin Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Colour Perception ◽  
Mantis Shrimp ◽  
Uv Vision ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Polarisation Vision

This chapter explores how vision is used by animals and the diversity in ways of seeing. It first details how colour vision works, focusing on the example of honeybees, which, like humans, are trichromatic and have good colour vision. Bees have a dedicated ultraviolet (UV) receptor, and then one for seeing shortwave (blue) and mediumwave (green) light. Other animals deviate more substantially, in that they have either more or fewer receptors used in colour vision, and hence different ‘dimensions’ of colour perception. The chapter then considers how jumping spiders use UV vision in identifying known or suitable prey species, as well as in mating. It also looks at polarisation vision in mantis shrimp. Mantis shrimp are bizarre in the number of receptors they have, each sensitive to different parts of the light spectrum. Finally, the chapter assesses how toads recognize prey from non-prey. The toad’s visual system acts as a ‘feature detector’ based on several stages of visual processing, producing a quick and appropriate response to a set of criteria that reliably encode objects of particular importance—in this case, food.

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