Cirsium vulgare leaves: isolation and identification of phenolic compounds

There are a few new researches on the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical application of Cirsium vulgare, but they do not reflect the full potential use of this plant. For the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted so far to determine the impact of extraction methods and conditions on the extraction yields of phenolic compounds from Cirsium vulgare. We aimed to investigate a simple and sensitive HPLC-PDA method to determine phenolic compounds in Cirsium vulgare extracts. Three extraction techniques as maceration (ME), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and heat-reflux extraction (HRE) were applied and compared for sample preparation to obtain a high recovery of the phenolic compounds. The developed HPLC-PDA method can be used for the preparations of extracts with a high content of bioactive compounds for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Moreover, it was validated and used for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of phenolic compounds. A simple extraction procedure for phenolic compounds from Cirsium vulgare leaves was optimized in this work through the use of the heatreflux extraction method with 50% ethanol and extraction time of 1.5 h.

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Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Functional Ingredients from Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni Leaves

International Agrophysics ◽

10.1515/intag-2015-0017 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 231-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Jana Šic Žlabur ◽

Sandra Voća ◽

Nadica Dobričević ◽

Mladen Brnčić ◽

Filip Dujmić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Steviol Glycosides ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Probe Diameter ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Abstract The aim of the present study was to reveal an effective extraction procedure for maximization of the yield of steviol glycosides and total phenolic compounds as well as antioxidant activity in stevia extracts. Ultrasound assisted extraction was compared with conventional solvent extraction. The examined solvents were water (100°C/24 h) and 70% ethanol (at 70°C for 30 min). Qualitative and quantitative analyses of steviol glycosides in the extracts obtained were performed using high performance liquid chromatography. Total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and radical scavenging capacity by 2, 2-azino-di-3-ethylbenzothialozine- sulphonic acid) assay were also determined. The highest content of steviol glycosides, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids in stevia extracts were obtained when ultrasound assisted extraction was used. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was correlated with the total amount of phenolic compounds. The results indicated that the examined sonication parameters represented as the probe diameter (7 and 22 mm) and treatment time (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min) significantly contributed to the yield of steviol glycosides, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. The optimum conditions for the maximum yield of steviol glycosides, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids were as follows: extraction time 10 min, probe diameter 22 mm, and temperature 81.2°C.

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Evaluation of Direct Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Potato Peels

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8121665 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 1665

Author(s):

Shusheng Wang ◽

Amy Hui-Mei Lin ◽

Qingyou Han ◽

Qin Xu

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

The United States ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Systematic Research ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Potato Peels ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

The Impact

Potato peels (PPs) are generally considered as agriculture waste. The United States alone generates over one million tons of PPs a year. However, PPs contain valuable phenolic compounds with antioxidant activities. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of ultrasound-assisted extraction techniques in recovering antioxidants from PPs. These techniques included a direct ultrasound-assisted extraction (DUAE), an indirect ultrasound-assisted extraction (IUAE), and a conventional shaking extraction (CSE). Results of this study showed that DUAE was more effective in extracting phenolic compounds than IUAE and CSE. We also evaluated the factors affecting the yield of total phenolic compounds (TPC) in DUAE, including the temperature, time, acoustic power, ratio of solvent to solids, and size of PPs particles. TPC yield of DUAE was higher, and the extraction rate was faster than IUAE and CSE. Furthermore, TPC yield was strongly correlated to the temperature of the mixture of PPs suspension. SEM images revealed that the irradiation of ultrasound energy from DUAE caused micro-fractures and the opening of PPs cells. The extract obtained from DUAE was found to have antioxidant activity comparable to commercial synthetic antioxidants. Results of this preliminary study suggest that DUAE has the potential to transform PPs from agricultural waste to a valuable ingredient. A future systematic research study is proposed to advance the knowledge of the impact of processing parameters in the kinetics of phenolic compounds extraction from potato peels using various extraction methods.

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Comparison of Conventional and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Techniques for Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Coconut Husk

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.891.83 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 891 ◽

pp. 83-89

Author(s):

Attapon Nitiwattananon ◽

Saipin Thanachasai

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Agitation Speed ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Conventional Extraction

In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was compared with conventional extraction methods, including conventional solvent extraction without agitation (CSE), conventional solvent extraction with agitation at 50 rpm (CSE50) and 150 rpm (CSE150), for the extraction of phenolic compounds from coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) husk. The extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were examined. The antioxidant capacity of C. nucifera extracts was determined by using 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. Experimental results showed that UAE gave the highest extraction yield, TPC, TFC and antioxidant capacities (ABTS and DPPH), followed by CSE150, CSE50 and CSE, respectively. UAE was found to be more effective than conventional extraction methods. Conventional solvent extraction with higher agitation speed exhibited higher extraction efficiency than those with lower agitation speed and without agitation.

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Narrative Review: Optimasi Etanol sebagai Pelarut Senyawa Flavonoid dan Fenolik

Jurnal Surya Medika ◽

10.33084/jsm.v6i1.1641 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 177-180

Author(s):

Ali Rakhman Hakim ◽

Rina Saputri

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Temperature Time ◽

Selection Of

The use of ethanol as a solvent for secondary metabolite compounds is very widespread. Ethanol can dissolve flavonoid compounds and phenolic compounds from plants. To be able to utilize ethanol as a solvent is dependent on some factors of concentration, temperature, time, and selection of extraction methods. This study uses the method by searching scientific articles from the MDPI website database. The Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method is very suitable for the optimization of ethanol as a solvent. The optimal use of ethanol is in the concentration range of 50-80%, temperature conditions in the range of 40-70ºC, and the extraction time is in the range of 30 minutes - 24 hours.

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Antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds of Dezful sesame cake extracts obtained by classical and ultrasound‐assisted extraction methods

Food Science & Nutrition ◽

10.1002/fsn3.118 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 426-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Reza Esmaeilzadeh Kenari ◽

Fatereh Mohsenzadeh ◽

Zeinab Raftani Amiri

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Sesame Cake

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Extraction and Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Rice: A Review

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23112890 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 2890 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Marco Ciulu ◽

Maria Cádiz-Gurrea ◽

Antonio Segura-Carretero

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

World Population ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Analytical Approaches

Rice represents the main source of calorie intake in many world countries and about 60% of the world population include rice in their staple diet. Whole grain rice, also called brown rice, represent the unpolished version of the more common white rice including bran, germ, and endosperm. Many health-promoting properties have been associated to the consumption of whole grain rice and, for this reason, great attention has been paid by the scientific community towards the identification and the quantification of bioactive compounds in this food item. In this contribution, the last five years progresses in the quali-quantitative determination of phenolic compounds in rice have been highlighted. Special attention has been devoted to the most recent strategies for the extraction of the target compounds from rice along with the analytical approaches adopted for the separation, identification and quantification of phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins. More specifically, the main features of the “traditional” extraction methods (i.e., maceration, ultrasound-assisted extraction) have been described, as well as the more innovative protocols involving advanced extraction techniques, such as MAE (microwave-assisted extraction). The predominant role of HPLC in the definition of the phenolic profile has been examined also presenting the most recent results obtained by using mass spectrometry-based detection systems. In addition, the most common procedures aimed to the quantification of the total amount of the cited classes of phenolic compounds have been described together with the spectrophotometric protocols aimed to the evaluation of the antioxidant properties of rice phenolic extracts (i.e., FRAP, DPPH, ABTS and ORAC).

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Simultaneous Determination of Selected Insecticides and Atrazine in Soil by Mae–GC–ECD

Archives of Environmental Protection ◽

10.2478/aep-2013-0003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 27-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hanna Barchańska ◽

Marianna Czalicka ◽

Anna Giemza

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Different Types ◽

Herbicide Atrazine

Abstract The procedure for simultaneous extraction from soil and determination by means of GC-ECD insecticides: aldrin, dieldrin, endrin and herbicide: atrazine was worked out. The proposed GC-ECD technique provides limits of detection in range 12 μg/mL - 18 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL, for insecticides and atrazine, respectively. Two different types of extraction: microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) with different solvents were tested to choose the procedure that provides the highest recoveries of analytes and low detection limits, typical for trace analysis (100 ppm or 100 mg/g, IUPAC). On the basis of recoveries and precision both extraction methods were compared. The insecticides recovery from soil samples obtained by UAE were in range 40-85%, coefficient of variation (CV): 1.3-5.0%, whereas for atrazine recovery was below 15% (CV: 8-18%). The most efficient and precise extraction procedure turned out to be MAE with n-hexane: acetone. The recoveries were in range 70-85% for insecticides and 84% for atrazine, CV: 0.4-2.2% and 5.3% for insecticides and atrazine, respectively. The presented MAE-GC-ECD procedure enables extraction and determination of aldrin, dieldrin, endrin and atrazine in soil samples with high recoveries, precision and limits of detections in range 6 ng/g - 8 ng/g in the case of insecticides and 1.5 ng/g for atrazine. The MAE-GC-ECD procedure was applied for the above mentioned pesticides determination in environmental samples. Soils were collected in agricultural as well as rural areas in Poland. In all cases atrazine was determined in concentration range: 0.0187 mg/g - 0.1107 mg/g. Aldrin and dieldrin was detected in soil samples from two locations.

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Innovative Extraction Techniques for the Optimum Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Peanut Meal and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities

Advances in Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.33140/anfs.04.02.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Carcinoma Cell ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Peanut Meal ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Carcinoma Cell Lines ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Phenolic Extract ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Water Ratio

There is a worldwide demand for phenolic compounds (PC) because they exhibit several biological activities. This work aimed at extracting phenolic compounds from peanut meal. The methods of extraction were mainly: conventional solvent extraction (traditional methods) and ultrasound assisted extraction (recent methods) and comparing their results. Peanut meal (PM) was prepared by defatting with n-hexane, and then extracted by the two previous methods. First, the conventional solvents used were 80% methanol, ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, and distilled water. Then studied Different parameters such as meal: water ratio, also the effect of temperature and the pH on the extraction process. Second, ultrasonic assisted extractions (USAE), the parameters investigated were temperature, time and speed of sonication. Finally, all the extracts were analyzed by HPLC for their phenolic contents. Results indicated that the highest extracted PC achieved by solvents was in distilled water where 1:100, Meal: Water ratio which extracted 40 mg PC / g PM at 30& 35°C. Highest extracted PC was achieved by alkaline medium at pH 12 more than acidic and neutral medium. While (USAE) at speed 8 ultrasonication and temperature 30ᵒC, extracted 49.2mg PC /g PM. Sothe ultrasound assisted extraction exhibited great influence on the extraction of phenolic compounds from peanut meal. The ultrasonic peanut extract was examined for its antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activities. The antioxidant activity of PM phenolic extract prepared by ultrasonic technique, was measured by, β-carotene, and DPPH methods, and reducing antioxidant power. Results revealed values: 84.57, 57.72 and 5960 respectively. The PM extract showed different levels of antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacteria used. As for the anticarcinogenic effect PM phenolic extract most effective on inhibiting colon carcinoma and lung carcinoma cell lines with IC50 = 20.7 and 20.8 µ/ml., respectively. This was followed by intestinal carcinoma and liver carcinoma cell lines with IC50= 39.6 and 40.2µ/ml.

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HPLC analysis and activity to determine the effect of drying and extraction on Ficus benghalensis leaves

International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology ◽

10.26452/ijrpp.v9i1.1161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 6-10

Author(s):

Nithyakalyani K

Keyword(s):

Extraction Method ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Chemical Constituent ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Drying Method ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Critical Stage ◽

Ficus Benghalensis ◽

Assisted Extraction

Ficus benghalensis is one of those taboo plants in India, which was claimed to be possessed and have weird effects on human health. Apart from this ficus species has a great variety of chemical constituents and an abundant amount of antioxidants. Drying is the most critical stage of improving the activity or preventing the loss of chemical components from a drug. There is another stage of ensuring high chemical constituent content in the plant and that is the extraction procedure. So the point of focus in the current research is to find the effect of extraction method and drying on the anti-inflammatory potential of the plant. The result of the extraction method and drying method of the plant was investigated and found that the ultrasound-assisted extraction of the shade dried leaves was found to give the highest yield of flavonoids and activity.

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