scholarly journals Peer Influences: Risk Factors to Voluntary and Non-Voluntary Clients to Remain Abstinence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Al Haadi Bin Shafie ◽  
Mizan Adiliah Ahmad Ibrahim ◽  
Abdul Rashid Bin Abdul Aziz ◽  
Amer Fawwaz Bin Mohamad Yasid ◽  
Nur Amalina Binti Abd Laziz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peer Influences

Cyberbullying in the World of Teenagers and Social Media

2016 ◽  
pp. 520-552
Author(s):  
Sophia Alim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Media ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The World ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Cyberbullying amongst teenagers is a major issue, due to their increased use of social media. Previous literature surveys have not covered in detail cyberbullying studies in 2014 and cyberbullying risk factors. This literature review explores cyberbullying research areas, such as the use of social media by teenagers, themes from cyberbullying studies carried out since 2012, cyberbullying risk factors and how teenagers deal with cyberbullying incidents. Current cyberbullying studies highlighted issues such as the high volume of cyberbullying incidents in school, increased personal information disclosure on social media, peer influences and the safety of the school environment for both bully and victim. Studies focusing on cyberbullying risk factors raised debates on factors such as whether males or females are most likely to be victims/cyberbullies. Tackling cyberbullying requires awareness, education for actors involved in cyberbullying, development of software to detect cyberbullying and including actors in the monitoring of cyberbullying.

Cyberbullying in the World of Teenagers and Social Media

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Alim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Media ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The World ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Cyberbullying amongst teenagers is a major issue, due to their increased use of social media. Previous literature surveys have not covered in detail cyberbullying studies in 2014 and cyberbullying risk factors. This literature review explores cyberbullying research areas, such as the use of social media by teenagers, themes from cyberbullying studies carried out since 2012, cyberbullying risk factors and how teenagers deal with cyberbullying incidents. Current cyberbullying studies highlighted issues such as the high volume of cyberbullying incidents in school, increased personal information disclosure on social media, peer influences and the safety of the school environment for both bully and victim. Studies focusing on cyberbullying risk factors raised debates on factors such as whether males or females are most likely to be victims/cyberbullies. Tackling cyberbullying requires awareness, education for actors involved in cyberbullying, development of software to detect cyberbullying and including actors in the monitoring of cyberbullying.

Low Cultural Identification, Low Parental Involvement and Adverse Peer Influences as Risk Factors for Delinquent Behaviour Among Filipino Youth in Hawai‘I

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P.S. Guerrero ◽  
Stephanie T. Nishimura ◽  
Janice Y. Chang ◽  
Celia Ona ◽  
Vanessa L. Cunanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Cultural Identification ◽  
Delinquent Behaviour

scholarly journals Impulsivity, Self-control, Interpersonal Influences, and Maladaptive Cognitions as Factors of Internet Gaming Disorder Among Adolescents in China: Cross-sectional Mediation Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqiu Yu ◽  
Phoenix Kit-Han Mo ◽  
Jianxin Zhang ◽  
Jibin Li ◽  
Joseph Tak-Fai Lau
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Parental Influences ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Interpersonal Influences ◽  
Internet Gaming

BACKGROUND Gaming disorder, including internet gaming disorder (IGD), was recently defined by the World Health Organization as a mental disease in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Thus, reducing IGD is warranted. Maladaptive cognitions related to internet gaming (MCIG) have been associated with IGD, while impulsivity, self-control, parental influences, and peer influences are key risk factors of IGD. Previous literature suggests that MCIG is associated with the aforementioned 4 risk factors and IGD, and may thus mediate between these risk factors and IGD. These potential mediations, if significant, imply that modification of MCIG may possibly alleviate these risk factors’ harmful impacts on increasing IGD. These mediation hypotheses were tested in this study for the first time. OBJECTIVE This study tested the mediation effects of MCIG between intrapersonal factors (impulsivity and self-control) and IGD, and between interpersonal factors (parental influences and peer influences) and IGD among adolescents in China. METHODS An anonymous, cross-sectional, and self-administered survey was conducted among secondary school students in classroom settings in Guangzhou and Chengdu, China. All grade 7 to 9 students (7 to 9 years of formal education) of 7 secondary schools were invited to join the study, and 3087 completed the survey. The <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> (<i>DSM-5</i>) checklist was used to assess IGD. MCIG was assessed by using the Chinese version of the Revised Internet Gaming Cognition Scale. Impulsivity, self-control, and parental or peer influences were measured by using the motor subscale of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Brief Self-Control Scale, and the modified interpersonal influence scale, respectively. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the mediation effects of MCIG between these risk factors and IGD. RESULTS The prevalence of IGD was 13.57% (418/3081) and 17.67% (366/2071) among all participants and adolescent internet gamers, respectively. The 3 types of MCIG (perceived rewards of internet gaming, perceived urges for playing internet games, and perceived unwillingness to stop playing without completion of gaming tasks) were positively associated with IGD. Impulsivity, self-control, parental influences, and peer influences were all significantly associated with the 3 types of MCIG and IGD. The 3 types of MCIG partially mediated the associations between the studied factors and IGD (effect size of 30.0% to 37.8%). CONCLUSIONS Impulsivity, self-control, and interpersonal influences had both direct and indirect effects via MCIG on IGD. Modifications of the 3 types of MCIG can potentially reduce the harmful impacts of impulsivity and interpersonal influences on IGD and enhance the protective effect of self-control against IGD. Future longitudinal studies are warranted.

Adolescent Cocaine Use: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk J. Brower ◽  
M. Douglas Anglin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Risk Characteristics ◽  
Short Period

Epidemiological studies of adolescent cocaine use are critically reviewed, risk factors for use are identified, and implications for prevention are discussed. Cocaine use among adolescents is increasing due, in part, to lower prices and the availability of “crack,” a potent smokable form of freebase cocaine. Although most use ends after mild to moderate experimentation, some users develop severe adverse consequences in a short period of time. Risk factors for initial cocaine use have been identified as male gender, use of marijuana, lack of social connections to family and school, peer influences, and psychopathology. However, further studies are needed to identify risk factors for developing more extensive or problematic cocaine use or abuse, including possible underlying biological factors. Prevention efforts should be targeted at preadolescents who show high risk characteristics. Parents, educators, and health care providers should all be involved in prevention programs, to provide a consistent message in the home, the school, and the popular media. Effective techniques that address the identified risk factors are required to maximize the success of prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Impulsivity, Self-control, Interpersonal Influences, and Maladaptive Cognitions as Factors of Internet Gaming Disorder Among Adolescents in China: Cross-sectional Mediation Study

10.2196/26810 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. e26810
Author(s):  
Yanqiu Yu ◽  
Phoenix Kit-Han Mo ◽  
Jianxin Zhang ◽  
Jibin Li ◽  
Joseph Tak-Fai Lau
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Parental Influences ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Interpersonal Influences ◽  
Internet Gaming

Background Gaming disorder, including internet gaming disorder (IGD), was recently defined by the World Health Organization as a mental disease in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Thus, reducing IGD is warranted. Maladaptive cognitions related to internet gaming (MCIG) have been associated with IGD, while impulsivity, self-control, parental influences, and peer influences are key risk factors of IGD. Previous literature suggests that MCIG is associated with the aforementioned 4 risk factors and IGD, and may thus mediate between these risk factors and IGD. These potential mediations, if significant, imply that modification of MCIG may possibly alleviate these risk factors’ harmful impacts on increasing IGD. These mediation hypotheses were tested in this study for the first time. Objective This study tested the mediation effects of MCIG between intrapersonal factors (impulsivity and self-control) and IGD, and between interpersonal factors (parental influences and peer influences) and IGD among adolescents in China. Methods An anonymous, cross-sectional, and self-administered survey was conducted among secondary school students in classroom settings in Guangzhou and Chengdu, China. All grade 7 to 9 students (7 to 9 years of formal education) of 7 secondary schools were invited to join the study, and 3087 completed the survey. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) checklist was used to assess IGD. MCIG was assessed by using the Chinese version of the Revised Internet Gaming Cognition Scale. Impulsivity, self-control, and parental or peer influences were measured by using the motor subscale of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Brief Self-Control Scale, and the modified interpersonal influence scale, respectively. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the mediation effects of MCIG between these risk factors and IGD. Results The prevalence of IGD was 13.57% (418/3081) and 17.67% (366/2071) among all participants and adolescent internet gamers, respectively. The 3 types of MCIG (perceived rewards of internet gaming, perceived urges for playing internet games, and perceived unwillingness to stop playing without completion of gaming tasks) were positively associated with IGD. Impulsivity, self-control, parental influences, and peer influences were all significantly associated with the 3 types of MCIG and IGD. The 3 types of MCIG partially mediated the associations between the studied factors and IGD (effect size of 30.0% to 37.8%). Conclusions Impulsivity, self-control, and interpersonal influences had both direct and indirect effects via MCIG on IGD. Modifications of the 3 types of MCIG can potentially reduce the harmful impacts of impulsivity and interpersonal influences on IGD and enhance the protective effect of self-control against IGD. Future longitudinal studies are warranted.

Elevated level of circulatory sTLT1 induces inflammation through SYK/MEK/ERK signalling in coronary artery disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (22) ◽  
pp. 2283-2299
Author(s):  
Apabrita Ayan Das ◽  
Devasmita Chakravarty ◽  
Debmalya Bhunia ◽  
Surajit Ghosh ◽  
Prakash C. Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract The role of inflammation in all phases of atherosclerotic process is well established and soluble TREM-like transcript 1 (sTLT1) is reported to be associated with chronic inflammation. Yet, no information is available about the involvement of sTLT1 in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Present study was undertaken to determine the pathophysiological significance of sTLT1 in atherosclerosis by employing an observational study on human subjects (n=117) followed by experiments in human macrophages and atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E (apoE)−/− mice. Plasma level of sTLT1 was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in clinical (2342 ± 184 pg/ml) and subclinical cases (1773 ± 118 pg/ml) than healthy controls (461 ± 57 pg/ml). Moreover, statistical analyses further indicated that sTLT1 was not only associated with common risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in both clinical and subclinical groups but also strongly correlated with disease severity. Ex vivo studies on macrophages showed that sTLT1 interacts with Fcɣ receptor I (FcɣRI) to activate spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK)-mediated downstream MAP kinase signalling cascade to activate nuclear factor-κ B (NF-kB). Activation of NF-kB induces secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from macrophage cells that plays pivotal role in governing the persistence of chronic inflammation. Atherosclerotic apoE−/− mice also showed high levels of sTLT1 and TNF-α in nearly occluded aortic stage indicating the contribution of sTLT1 in inflammation. Our results clearly demonstrate that sTLT1 is clinically related to the risk factors of CAD. We also showed that binding of sTLT1 with macrophage membrane receptor, FcɣR1 initiates inflammatory signals in macrophages suggesting its critical role in thrombus development and atherosclerosis.

The Preschool Stuttering Screen for Health Care Professionals

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Joseph Donaher ◽  
Christina Deery ◽  
Sarah Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Developmental Profile

Healthcare professionals require a thorough understanding of stuttering since they frequently play an important role in the identification and differential diagnosis of stuttering for preschool children. This paper introduces The Preschool Stuttering Screen for Healthcare Professionals (PSSHP) which highlights risk factors identified in the literature as being associated with persistent stuttering. By integrating the results of the checklist with a child’s developmental profile, healthcare professionals can make better-informed, evidence-based decisions for their patients.

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