scholarly journals Cadmium affects the regeneration of the leafy vegetable Talinum portulacifolium stem cuttings in nutrient solution

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-159
Author(s):  
Thangavelu Muthukumar ◽  
Selvam Dinesh-Babu
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Plant Parts

Investigamos el efecto de varias concentraciones (0,0-5,0 ppm) de cadmio (Cd) en la capacidad de regeneración; las características morfológicas y la acumulación de Cd en los esquejes de tallo de la verdura de hoja Talinum portulacifolium cultivada en cultivo hidropónico. El Cd retrasó la brotación de los esquejes en un 7%, la callosidad en un 8% y el enraizamiento en un 38%. Las diferentes concentraciones de Cd afectaron significativamente a los pesos fresco y seco de las partes de la planta, excepto las raíces. La acumulación de Cd fue mayor en los tallos que en las hojas (2,22 vs 0,57 ppm). El índice de tolerancia calculado osciló entre el 59% y el 88%. Basándose en las observaciones, se concluyó que el Cd interfiere con la regeneración de los esquejes de tallo de T. portulacifolium e implica preocupación sobre el consumo y el uso terapéutico de esta hortaliza de hoja que crece en suelos contaminados. We investigated the effect of various concentrations (0.0-5.0 ppm) of cadmium (Cd) on the regeneration ability; morphological characteristics and Cd accumulation in the leafy vegetable Talinum portulacifolium stem cuttings grown in hydroponic culture. Cd delayed sprouting of stem cuttings by 7%, callusing by 8% and rooting by 38%. Different Cd concentrations significantly affected fresh and dry weight of plant parts except roots. Accumulation of Cd was more in the stems than in leaves (2.22 vs 0.57 ppm). The calculated tolerance index ranged from 59% to 88%. Based on the observations it was concluded that Cd interferes with the regeneration of T. portulacifolium stem cuttings and imply concerns on the consumption and therapeutic use of this leafy vegetable growing on polluted soils.

scholarly journals Zinc Influences Regeneration of Talinum portulacifolium Stem Cuttings in Nutrient Solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-539
Author(s):  
Thangavelu MUTHUKUMAR ◽  
Sarah JAISON ◽  
Selvam Dinesh BABU
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Necrotic Spots ◽  
High Concentrations

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, but toxic at high concentrations. The present study focused to underline the direct effect of different concentrations (0-50 ppm) of Zn on the regeneration ability and morphological characteristics of Talinum portulacifolium stem cuttings in hydroponic solution over a period of 35 days without the interference of other soil factors. High concentrations of Zn (40-50 ppm) affected callusing, root initiation, root and shoot development to varying levels. At high concentrations, Zn caused stem decay, stunting and browning of roots, wilting, withering and necrotic spots on leaves. Increasing concentrations of Zn inversely affected the lateral shoot development, stem elongation, leaf, root numbers and total root length of the stem cuttings. Though Zn had no significant influence on fresh or dry weights of stem, low concentration (15 ppm) of Zn increased the fresh and dry weights of leaves by 11.17% and 26.79% respectively, compared to 0 ppm and with 77.06-243.80% and 47.92-255.00% compared with those raised in 20-50 ppm. Zn concentrations >10 ppm reduced the root fresh weight by 28.57-90.47% and dry weight by 27.27-90.91% than those at 0 ppm. The Zn content in leaves and stems increased linearly with increasing concentrations of Zn and ranged from 1.09-125.62 ppm and 1.00-110.26 in stems and leaves respectively. The tolerance index varied between 81 and 138 for different concentrations of Zn. The results of the study clearly indicate that high concentrations of Zn inhibit the regeneration of T. portulacifolium stem cuttings.

Assessing the potential of Arabidopsis halleri ssp. gemmifera as a new cadmium hyperaccumulator grown in hydroponics

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abul Kashem ◽  
Bal Ram Singh ◽  
Hiroshi Kubota ◽  
Reiko Sugawara Nagashima ◽  
Nobuyuki Kitajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Arabidopsis Halleri ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Very High

Arabidopsis halleri ssp. gemmifera is a plant recently found in the heavy metal contaminated areas of Japan, and it contained a significant amount of Cd in its shoots. In this study, the potential of A. halleri ssp. gemmifera to accumulate Cd was investigated using hydroponics. The plants were grown for 21 d after Cd (control, 10, 100 and 400 µM) treatment. No reduction in shoot and root dry weight (DW) was observed when plants were grown in a nutrient solution containing up to 400 µM Cd. Cadmium concentrations in the plant parts increased significantly with Cd application rates, and reached a maximum of about 5641, 6643 and 15 967 µg g-1 in the leaves, stems and roots, respectively, at 400 µM Cd in the nutrient solution. Similarly, maximum Cd accumulation (dry weight × concentration) of 17.7 and 10.8 mg plant-1 in the shoots and roots, respectively, was obtained at 400 µM Cd. The ratio of shoot Cd/root Cd decreased with increasing rates of Cd supply from 1.8 at 10 µ M to 0.40 at 400 µM. Cadmium translocation from root to shoot ranged from 61 to 89% of the total Cd, showing a very high mobility of Cd in plants. The outcomes of this study and the field and greenhouse data previously reported confirm that this plant is a suitable candidate for the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils. Furthermore, the concentration of Cd measured in the shoot indicates that A. halleri ssp. gemmifera could be considered a new potential Cd hyperaccumulator plant species. Key words: Cadmium, hyperaccumulator, hydroponics, phytoremediation, tolerance

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MINERAL DEFICIENCY ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ON SHOOT AND ROOT MINERAL PARTITIONING IN THREE SUNFLOWER VARIETIES / EFECTO DE LA FALTA DE ELEMENTOS MINERALAS SOBRE LOS PARAMENTROS MORFOLOGICOS Y FISIOLOGICOS Y REPARTICION DE ELEMENTOS MINERALES DE LA PARTE SOBRE EL SUELO Y DE LA RAIZ EN TRES VARIEDADES / INFLUENCE DE LA CARENCE D’ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX SUR LES PARAMÈTRES MORPHOLOGIQUES ET PHYSIOLOGIQUES ET SUR LA DISTRIBUTION DES ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX ENTRE LA PARTIE AÉRIENNE ET LA RACINE POUR TROIS SORTES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Midaoui ◽  
Ahmed Talouizte ◽  
Benbella Mohamed ◽  
Serieys Hervé ◽  
Ait Houssa Abdelhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Matter Effect

SUMMARYAn experiment has been carried out in order to study the behaviour under mineral deficiency of three sunflower genotypes, a population variety (Oro 9) and two hybrids (Mirasol and Albena). Sunflower seedlings were submitted to five treatments: N deficiency (N0), P deficiency (P0), K deficiency (K0), N and K deficiency (N0K0) and a control. Plants were harvested when they reached 3-4 true pairs of leaves. Growth parameters measured (height, total leaf area, root length, root and shoot dry mater) were all significantly reduced by mineral deficiency. Leaf area was most reduced by N0 (-61%) and P0 (-56%). Total dry matter was most affected by N0 (-63%) and by N0K0 (-66%). Genotype comparisons showed that Oro 9 had the highest shoot dry matter while Albena had the lowest root dry matter. Effect of mineral deficiency on content and partitioning of N, P, K, Ca and Na was significant and varied according to treatments and among plant parts. Shoot dry weight was significantly correlated with root N content (r2=0.81) and root K content (r2=-0.61) for N0 and K0.

Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivar Response to Metribuzin in Solution Culture

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Hardcastle
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Top Dry Weight

Twenty-eight commercial soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] cultivars of maturity classes V through VIII were evaluated for differences in response to metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] 0.125 ppm w/w in hydroponic culture. Top dry weight (TDW) of treated ‘FFR 666’ soybeans equaled that of the cultivar check and five other cultivars were not significantly different (P = 5%). ‘Semmes' was most sensitive to the herbicide with TDW 40% of cultivar check. ‘Tracy’ and ‘Coker 156’ were not significantly different (P = 5%) from Semmes. The other cultivars tested were intermediate in response to metribuzin.

Assessing Soil and Plant Pollution by Abandoned Rural Waste Dumping Sites in Ningbo, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Dong Guan ◽  
Ye Hong Du ◽  
Zhen Dong Li ◽  
An Cheng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Plant Pollution

This paper reports the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in the soils and rices surrounding the abandoned rural waste dumping sites in Ningbo. Igeo (geoaccumulation index) was calculated to assess the contamination degree of heavy metals in soils. The mean contents of Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb of soils were 33.3, 24.1, 1.5, 118.9 and 45.6 mg/(kg DW) (dry weight), respectively. All of them were much higher than that of the reference value (i.e. CK), but there were no coherent trend of the metal contents within 1-120m distance from the dumping site. Igeo of heavy metals reveals the order of Cd>Cu>Cr>Pb>Zn, and the contamination assessment of soils using Igeo indicate the moderate Cd pollution, while the soils were unpolluted-moderately overall by Cr, Cu, Zn as well as Pb. The heavy metal contents in root, stem & leaf and rice grains were all remarkable higher than that of the CK at 20-120 m distances, and the heavy metal contents in root were evidently much higher than other plant parts, while those in rice grain were lowest, indicating the great bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals. Although the metal contents in the rice grain were within the legislation limit, its bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals was remarkable, whose contents were 4.38-fold for Cr, 1.76-fold for Cu, 1.28-fold for Zn, 2.67-fold for Cd and 3.03-fold for Pb higher than that of reference value, respectively. Finally, we proposed a decentralized in-situ restoration approach for the dumping sites.

Characteristics of the canopy, root system and grain yield of a crop of Lupinus angustifolius cv. Unicrop

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
EAN Greenwood ◽  
P Farrington ◽  
JD Beresford
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Parts

The time course of development of a lupin crop was studied at Bakers Hill, Western Australia. The aim was to gain insight into the crop factors influencing yield. Weekly measurements were made of numbers and weights of plant parts, and profiles of roots, leaf area and light interception. A profile of carbon dioxide in the crop atmosphere was taken at the time of maximum leaf area, and the net carbon dioxide exchange (NCE) of pods was estimated for three successive weeks. The crop took 10 weeks to attain a leaf area index (LAI) of 1 and a further 9 weeks to reach a maximum LAI of 3.75, at which time only 33% of daylight reached the pods on the main axis. Once the maximum LAI was attained at week 19, leaf fall accelerated and rapid grain filling commenced almost simultaneously on all of the three orders of axes which had formed pods. Measurements of NCE between pods on the main axis and the air suggest that the assimilation of external carbon dioxide by the pods contributed little to grain filling. Grain dry weight was 2100 kg ha-1 of which 30%, 60% and 10% came from the main axis, first and second order apical axes respectively. Only 23% of the flowers set pods and this constitutes an important physiological limitation to grain yield.

PENGARUH JUMLAH MATA TUNAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN STEK BATANG TRUBUSAN SUNGKAI (Peronema canescens)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Indri Elang Mayanti ◽  
Basir Achmad
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Experiment Unit ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The areas of tropical forests in Indonesia always decrease every year, so that efforts are needed to cultivate plants efficiently for the supply of seedlings. Sungkai (Peronema canescens) has good quality wood that can be used for various purposes, either for construction, furniture, plywood or the leaves can be used for medicine. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth of stem cuttings of sungkai based on the number of latent buds by calculating the root dry weight, bud dry weight, and total dry weight. This study used a factorial complete randomized design. There were two factors studied, namely the number of buds consisting of 2 levels: 2 buds and 1 bud, and the stem split factor. Each treatment was replicated 3 times and each experiment unit used 5 cuttings. The growth of sungkai cuttings in the treatment of two buds had a total dry weight of 170.04 grams, while the treatment of one bud had a total dry weight of 98.30 grams. The results of this study indicated that the more the number of latent buds, the more root and bud growth of cuttings.Keywords: Coppice; Latent buds; Cuttings; Sungkai

scholarly journals Production of cabbage grown in pots containing legumes' root and shoot

Revista CERES ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago de Oliveira Vargas ◽  
Ellen Rúbia Diniz ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽  
Alysson Roberto de Almeida ◽  
Segundo Urquiaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Whole Plant

Roots effect is not generally considered in studies assessing the performance of crops in response to green manuring. However, such effect can contribute to a better understanding of crop rotation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of root and shoot of two legumes on the production of cabbage. The experiment was conducted in pots of 10 liters containing substrate of 2:1 soil/sand. The experiment was arranged in a factorial scheme (2x3 + 2) in a randomized block design with five replicates using two legume species (Crotalaria juncea L. and Canavalia ensiformis L), three plant parts (root, shoot, or whole plant), and two additional treatments (mineral fertilization with 100% and 50% of the recommended dose of N for growing cabbage). Pots with legume treatments received mineral fertilizer with 50% of the recommended dose of N for growing cabbage. The experimental plot consisted of a pot containing one plant of cabbage. Legumes were grown in pots and harvested at 78 days. The root biomass was determined in extra pots. Production was assessed using head fresh and dry weight. The application of the whole plant of both legume species reduced cabbage production. However, root or shoot of both legume species was equivalent to 50% of mineral N fertilization required for the cultivation of cabbage.

Nutritional and physiological responses of the dicotyledonous halophyte Sarcocornia fruticosa to salinity

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro García-Caparrós ◽  
Alfonso Llanderal ◽  
Maribela Pestana ◽  
Pedro José Correia ◽  
María Teresa Lao
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Sphagnum Peat Moss ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Sarcocornia Fruticosa

Sarcocornia fruticosa (L.) A.J. Scott is a dicotyledonous halophyte that grows in areas with an arid climate such as the marshes of southern Spain. The species has potential uses for saline agriculture and biofuel production, but the effects of salt stress on its nutrition and physiology remain unclear. Plants of S. fruticosa were grown in pots with a mixture of sphagnum peat-moss and Perlite. In order to evaluate the effects of different levels of salinity, five treatments using different NaCl concentrations (10 (control), 60, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl) were applied over a period of 60 days. At the end of the experiment, the dry weight, the biomass allocation and the tissue water content were measured for each salinity treatment. The net uptake of various nutrients and their translocation rates were calculated for each salt treatment. Salt loss, shedding of plant parts and succulence in shoots were evaluated together with the K+/Na+ ratio, K-Na selectivity, concentrations of osmolytes and their estimated contributions to the osmotic potential. Our results showed that S. fruticosa can maintain its major physiological processes at 60 mM NaCl without significant dry weight reduction. Higher salinity resulted in negative values for net uptake and translocation rates from roots to shoots of N and P. As might be predicted from other dicotyledonous halophytes, S. fruticosa plants increased Cl– and Na+ uptake using both as osmotica instead of organic osmolytes. However, to survive salinity, this species has also evolved others mechanisms such as shedding old shoots, increased succulence in shoots at higher salt concentrations and the ability to maintain a lower K+/Na+ ratio and higher K-Na selectivity in all organs.

scholarly journals Betacyanin accumulation and guaiacol peroxidase activity in Beta vulgaris L. leaves following copper stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. León Morales ◽  
Mario Rodríguez-Monroy ◽  
Gabriela Sepúlveda-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Copper Exposure ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Effect Of Copper

The effect of copper stress on betacyanin accumulation and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) activity in leaves of different age was evaluated in red beet (<em>Beta vulgaris </em>L. var. Crosby Egyptian) plants. In hydroponic culture, plants were treated with 0.3 μM (control), 50 μM, 100 μM, and 250 μM of CuSO<sub>4</sub> for 6 days. Copper was taken up and accumulated in old roots but was not translocated to leaves. However in young leaves, the increase of lipid peroxidation and reduction of growth were evident from day 3 of copper exposure; whereas in old leaves, the lipid peroxidation and growth were the same from either copper-treated or control plants. In response to copper exposure, the betacyanin accumulation was evident in young leaves by day 3, and continued to increase until day 6. Betacyanin only were accumulated in old leaves until day 6, but the contents were from 4 to 5 times lower than those observed in young leaves at the same copper concentrations. GPOD activity increased 3.3- and 1.4-fold in young and old leaves from day 3 of copper treatment respectively, but only in the young leaves was sustained at the same level until day 6. Old roots shown betacyanin in the control plants, but the betacyanin level and growth were reduced with the copper exposure. In contrast, young roots emerged by copper effect also accumulated copper and showed the highest betacyanin content of all plant parts assayed. These results indicate that betacyanin accumulation and GPOD activity are defense responses to copper stress in actively growing organs.

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