scholarly journals Involvement and loyalty of runners in sponsorship effectiveness - The case of athletics races

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-212
Author(s):  
Alfredo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Brand Recognition ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Sponsorship Effectiveness ◽  
Mass Participation ◽  
Los Grupos ◽  
Different Levels

Correr es una actividad física de ocio popular y conveniente. La distancia más popular son los 5 km que acumularon 8,9 millones de registros en 2018. Las inversiones de empresas en patrocinio en todo el mundo superaron los $ 65 mil millones. Aumentar el conocimiento de la marca es uno de los principales objetivos para que las empresas se involucren en los patrocinios. La mayor parte de la investigación sobre el patrocinio no se ha realizado desde la perspectiva del deporte basado en la participación, existen resultados contradictorios y no se ha evaluado la dependencia entre la tasa de reconocimiento de la marca del patrocinador y la distancia de la carrera, ni la dependencia de la lealtad a la carrera. Mostrar los efectos de la distancia de la carrera, la implicación y la lealtad a la carrera en las tasas de reconocimiento de la marca de los patrocinadores en los corredores. Una muestra de 736 corredores de una de las carreras atléticas más populares de Portugal completaron un cuestionario. Se realizó una prueba de Chi-cuadrado y una prueba T para evaluar las diferencias entre los grupos de corredores. El grupo de corredores que completaron la carrera de 5 km mostró mejores resultados en la tasa de reconocimiento de marca patrocinadora. Los corredores con un bajo nivel de implicación con la carrera mostraron resultados superiores, y no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre grupos con diferentes niveles de lealtad a la carrera en el desempeño de la tasa de reconocimiento de la marca patrocinadora. El patrocinio de la carrera de atletismo, deporte basado en la participación masiva, es una herramienta impresionante para dar a conocer la marca de los patrocinadores. Running is a popular and convenient leisure activity. The most popular distance is the 5 km that amassed 8.9 million registrations in 2018. Investments by companies in sponsorship around the world exceeded US$ 65 billion in the same year. Increasing brand awareness is one of the main goals for companies to get involved in sponsorships. Most of the research to date into sponsorship has not been done from the perspective of participation-based sports. Some results obtained are contradictory and the relashionship between the sponsor's brand recognition rate and the distance of the race (half-marathon, 10 km or 5 km) has not been evaluated, nor the relashionship with running involvement or loyalty to running. This research aims to show the effects of race distance, running involvement and loyalty to running on sponsor brand recognition rates in runners of athletics races. A sample of 736 runners from one of Portugal's most popular athletics races completed a questionnaire. A Chi-square Test and T-Test were carried out to evaluate the differences between the groups of runners. The group of runners who completed the 5 km race showed better results in the sponsors’ brand recognition rate. The runners with a low level of running involvement showed superior results, but no significant differences were found between groups with different levels of loyalty to running. The sponsorship of mass participation-based athletics races  is an impressive tool to raise sponsors’ brand awareness.   A corrida é uma atividade física popular e conveniente. A distância mais popular são os 5 km, registou mais de 8,9 milhões de corredores inscritos em 2018. Os investimentos de empresas em patrocínios em todo o mundo ultrapassaram US$ 65 bilhões . Aumentar a notoriedade da marca é um dos principais objetivos para as empresas patrocinadoras. A maior parte das investigações em patrocínio não foi feita da perspetiva dos participantes, existem resultados contraditórios e não foi avaliada a dependência entre a taxa de reconhecimento da marca, a distância da prova e a lealdade à corrida. Mostrar os efeitos da distância da corrida, do envolvimento com a corrida e da lealdade à corrida na taxa de reconhecimento da marca do patrocinador em corredores no contexto de corrida de atletismo. Uma amostra de 736 corredores de uma das corridas de atletismo mais populares de Portugal respondeu a um questionário. O teste qui-quadrado e o teste-t foram realizados para avaliar as diferenças entre os grupos de corredores. O grupo de corredores que completou a prova de 5 km apresentou melhores resultados na taxa de reconhecimento das marcas patrocinadoras. Os corredores com baixo nível de envolvimento com a corrida apresentaram resultados superiores e não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos com diferentes níveis de lealdade à corrida. O patrocínio ao desporto baseado em participação massiva em corridas de atletismo é uma ferramenta impressionante para aumentar a notoriedade da marca dos patrocinadores.

scholarly journals Impact of local and international sponsors on athletics race participants

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Alfredo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Rate ◽  
National Origin ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Brand Recognition ◽  
Average Recognition Rate ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Mass Participation ◽  
Leisure Physical Activity

Running is a popular and convenient leisure physical activity. The most popular distance is the 5 km that accumulated 8.9 million records in 2018. Investments by companies in sponsorship around the world exceeded $ 65 billion (IEG, 2018). Increasing brand awareness is one of the main goals for companies to get involved in sponsorships. Most of the research on sponsorship has not been done from the participation-based sport perspective. Some results obtained remain contradictory and the dependency between the sponsor's brand recognition rate and local and international sponsors. The purpose of the study was (i) to determine the brand recognition rates of sponsors, ii) the existence of differences between the recognition rate of real sponsors and false sponsors, and; iii) the existence of differences between the recognition rate of local sponsors and the recognition rate of international sponsors between the runners of the Scalabis Night Race. A sample of 736 runners from one of Portugal's most popular athletic races completed a questionnaire. A Chi-square Test and T-Test was carried out to evaluate the differences between the groups of runners. The average recognition rate for sponsors was 76.5%. The brands of the true sponsors in all product categories showed higher recognition rates when compared to the recognition rates of the false sponsors, these differences being statistically significant. Relevant results were found expressed by the high recognition rates of local brands (Bijou, Taberna Quinzena and WShopping), these differences being statistically significant, despite the fact that most of the runners have a national origin. The sponsorship of the athletics race mass participation-based sport is an impressive tool to raise sponsors brand awareness.

scholarly journals PSX-3 The impact of energy nutrition planes of ewes on the productive and reproductive performance of their offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 468-468
Author(s):  
Fernanda F Santos ◽  
Mariluce C Oliveira ◽  
Flávia M Moreira ◽  
Lucas Péricles A Buzzato ◽  
Tamires S Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) intake of late-gestating ewes on the productive and reproductive performance of their female offspring. Seventy-one crossbred ewes were distributed in three treatments: CTL = ME level according to recommendations of the NRC (2007); LESS = CTL less 10% ME per kilogram of dry matter (DM); and PLUS = CTRL plus 10% ME per kilogram of DM. Ewes were synchronized with hormonal protocol, controlled natural mating, and confirmed pregnancy using ultrasonographic imaging. The diets were given at the end of gestation (50 days) through weaning (60 days). The female progeny, from birth to the first mating season, received the same nutrition and sanitary management as their dams. They were weighed every 15 days from birth to the eighth month of age (first mating season), and the mortality rate was measured. The mating season lasted 34 days. The confirmation of pregnancy was performed with 30 and 60 days. The chi-square test was used to compare mortality and pregnancy rates, all with a 5% probability. Ewes in the LESS diet presented lower birth weight up to 8 months of age when compared to CTL and PLUS diets (P < 0.005), which were not different from each other (P > 0.005). Mortality was influenced by the maternal diet (P = 0.0017), with values of 57.1, 20, and 7.41% for the LESS, CTL, and PLUS groups, respectively. The pregnancy rate was 21.4, 70 and 55.6% for the LESS, CTL, and PLUS groups, respectively, with a difference between them (P = 0.0390). We concluded that the supply of low energy diets for dams caused losses in the performance and reproduction indexes of replacement ewes.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on the Influence of Students’Awareness on the Brand Identity: A Case of Telkom University Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Sari Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Brand Identity ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Brand Reputation ◽  
Chi Square Test

Mergers made by IT Telkom and other higher education institutions such as IM Telkom, Telkom Polytechnic and STISI Telkom, have an impact on IT Telkom brand image. IT Telkom together with these institutions created a new brand name of Telkom University. The Brand of Telkom University uses a different brand identity from previous brand identity. The use of this new brand identity affects brand awareness and brand image of the previous brand of IT Telkom. This research is conducted to find out the people’s brand awareness of IT Telkom merger. The numbers of sample are 781 respondents. Data processing was performed using Chi - Square test. The results indicated that awareness of this mergers influences perceptions of competence and brand reputation, awareness of vision, mission, and motto affect all brand identity, and awareness of the logo affects the perception related to the relevance of brand identity as a whole. Keywords—Merger, University, Awareness, Brand Identity

scholarly journals Fatores associados à ocorrência de cochilos entre idosos comunitários

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Ariene Angelini Dos Santos-Orlandi ◽  
Maria Filomena Ceolim ◽  
Sofia Cristina Iost Pavarini ◽  
Aline Maino Pergola-Marconato ◽  
Lucas Pelegrini Nogueira De Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

RESUMOObjetivo: analisar associação gênero, idade, escolaridade, renda familiar, níveis de fragilidade e cinco critérios de fragilidade com ocorrência dos cochilos de idosos. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, descritivo. Foram avaliados 3.075 idosos, utilizando questionário sociodemográfico, questão do Minnesota Leisure Activity Questionnaire, fenótipo de fragilidade de Fried e o Mini Exame do Estado Mental. Foram aplicados o teste Qui-quadrado e a regressão logística univariada e multivariada (α=5,0%). Os princípios éticos foram respeitados. Resultados: dos idosos, 61,7% cochilavam durante o dia. Houve associação entre ocorrência de cochilo e idade, gênero e renda familiar. Conclusão: a avaliação dos pacientes deve estudar questões do sono, especialmente considerando idade, sexo e renda, para detectar previamente problemas e desenvolver ações que mantenham a autonomia e a independência dos idosos. Descritores: Idoso; Enfermagem Geriátrica; Sono; Saúde do Idoso; Atenção Integral à Saúde; Enfermagem.ABSTRACTObjective: to analyze the association of sex, age, schooling, family income, levels of frailty and five criteria of frailty with occurrence of naps among the elderly. Method: quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study. 3,075 elderly people were evaluated using a sociodemographic questionnaire, Minnesota Leisure Activity Questionnaire question, Fried frailty phenotype and Mini Mental State Examination. The Chi-square test and the univariate and multivariate logistic regression (α = 5.0%) were applied. Ethical principles have been respected. Results: 61.7% of the elderly take a nap during the day. There was an association between taking a nap and age, sex and family income. Conclusion: the evaluation of patients should study sleep issues, especially considering age, sex and income, to detect problems previously and develop actions that maintain the elderly’s autonomy and independence. Descriptors: Elderly; Geriatric Nursing; Sleep; Health of the Elderly; Comprehensive Health Care; Nursing.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar la asociación de género, edad, escolaridad, renta familiar, niveles de fragilidad y cinco criterios de fragilidad con ocurrencias de las siestas de ancianos. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo. Fueron evaluados 3.075 ancianos, utilizando cuestionario sociodemográfico, pregunta del Minnesota Leisure Activity Questionnaire, fenotipo de fragilidad de Fried y el Mini Examen del Estado Mental. Fueron aplicados el test Chi-cuadrado y la regresión logística univariada y multivariada (α=5,0%). Los principios éticos fueron respetados. Resultados: de los ancianos, 61,7% tomaban uma siesta durante el dia. Hubo asociación entre ocurrencia de siesta y edad, género y renta familiar. Conclusión: la evaluación de los pacientes debe estudiar cuestiones del sueño, especialmente considerando edad, sexo y renta, para detectar previamente problemas y desarrollar acciones que mantengan la autonomía y la independencia de los ancianos. Descriptores: Anciano; Enfermería Geriátrica; Sueño; Salud del Anciano; Atención Integral de Salud; Enfermería.

scholarly journals The Comparison of the Ownership Structure at Different Level of the Financial Collapse in Listed Firms of Tehran Stock Exchange

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Saeid Jabbarzadeh Kangarlouei ◽  
Morteza Motavassel .
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Corporate Ownership ◽  
Business Law ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Individual Ownership ◽  
Different Levels

The main objective of this study is to compare ownership structure of different levels of collapse in listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Study variables are the ownership structure that includes governmental ownership, private ownership (corporate ownership and individual ownership) and the different levels of collapse including latency stage, the stage of cash deficits and commercial and financial insolvency and complete collapse. Altman model (Z´- Score) is used to predict the collapse of firm and Chi-Square test is used to test the research hypothesis. The study is the applied research and statistical population of study includes 96 collapse firms that are active in the TSE (subject to Business Law Article 141). Given the availability of financial information of distressed companies in 7 years between 2004-2010 years, a sample of 81 members was selected. The results show that the ownership structure of collapsed firms is independent from their different levels of collapse.

scholarly journals Assessment of Visitor Preferences and Attendance to Singletrails in the Moravian Karst for the Sustainable Development Proposals

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitka Fialová ◽  
David Březina ◽  
Nikola Žižlavská ◽  
Jakub Michal ◽  
Ivo Machar
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Moravian Karst

An optional leisure activity in forest areas for mountainbikers is the subject of discussion in this article. Cycling has become a popular leisure time activity, not only in the Czech Republic but internationally. A bicycle offers the user an unparalleled freedom that seems to have great appeal in these globalized, modern times. A singletrail is a narrow single-directional path for mountain bicycles in the landscape, in contrast to the two-lane forest roads mainly intended for the industrial purposes of forest management. The singletrails of Moravský kras (Moravian Karst) are built on the land owned by the Mendel University in Brno (Masaryk Forest Enterprise Křtiny) near the Jedovnice municipality of the Czech Republic. The aim of the article is to assess the attendance of the area using automatic counters, and to analyse the results, especially according to the illegal transits in the area of interest. The preferences of visitors were evaluated using questionnaires as well. Hypotheses were defined, and the chi-square test and Mann-Whitney testing methods were used to validate or improve them. Separate preferences for men and women were analysed in order to detect the differences or similarities of preferences. According to the results, women notably prefer the medium to easiest level of difficulty of the trails while men mainly prefer the trails of medium difficulty, although they use the most difficult trails too. Contact with nature is important for both the target groups. Training on singletrails is not as important for women as for men, but physical activity is very important to both groups. Women mainly ride on the singletrails for the joy of movement, which they consider to be a more important reason than men. The results of this study will be used to improve the area for mountainbikers as well as singletrail design for newly planned areas. Both human preferences and environmental needs will be taken into account.

scholarly journals Disparity in availability of laboratory testing for syphilis among different hospitals in Shandong province, eastern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinlong Chen ◽  
Tongsheng Chu ◽  
Yanling Gan ◽  
Furong Li ◽  
Degui Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background Availability of laboratory testing is the prerequisite for early diagnosis of syphilis. This study aimed to understand the availability of laboratory testing for syphilis among different hospitals in Shandong province. Methods Basic information on hospitals provided clinical health service for sexually transmitted infections in Shandong province and type of laboratory tests for syphilis provided was collected and analyzed using Chi-square test. Results A total of 410 and 456 hospitals provided sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinical services were surveyed in 2012 and 2018, respectively. Significant differences in the availability of nontreponemal tests were observed among hospitals with different levels (X 2 =6.624, p=0.010) and types (X 2 =17.752, p=0.001) in 2012 but not in 2018. A significant difference in the availability of treponemal tests was observed at different levels in 2012 (X 2 =9.937, p=0.002) but not in 2018. Significant differences in the availability of nontreponemal tests, titre of nontreponemal tests, and treponemal tests were observed among hospitals with different affiliations in 2018 (p=0.000; X 2 =15.274, p=0.000; p=0.021) but not in 2012. The availability of both nontreponemal test and treponemal test for syphilis among hospitals in 2018 was higher than that in 2012 (90.13% vs. 57.56%, X 2 =121.219, p=0.000). Conclusions Further efforts are needed to reduce the disparity in availability of laboratory testing for syphilis among different hospitals in China.

scholarly journals DEPRESSION AND DRUG NON- ADHERENCE

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 340-346
Author(s):  
WAJID ALI AKHUNZADA ◽  
RAZA UR RAHMAN ◽  
IMTIAZ AHMAD DOGAR ◽  
Niaz Maqsood
Keyword(s):  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Illness Management ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Different Levels

Objectives: To determine the different levels of drug non-adherence in patients suffering from Depression. Design: A casecontrolled study. Place and Duration of Study: Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, From February 2008 to August 2008. Patients and Method: 50-Cases were selected from the out patient department with the DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder, 50- non psychotic patients were selected as controls. Both sexes were included. The basic socio-demographic characteristics and the clinical profile of all the patients were collected. The level of drug non-adherence was recorded at week 4, week 8 and week 12. SPSS version 15 was used for statistical analysis. The applied method for group comparison was the Chi-square test. Results: The age in mean was 33.78 ± 11.30 for the sample and 30.65 ± 9.40 for control group. 38% of these patients were males and 62% females. 58% were married and uneducated from lowersocio-economical class. 70% of the study group and 59% of control group received treatment. The rates of non adherence were statistically not significant at week 4. However, at week 8 and week 12 the rates of non adherence were statistically significant with the p values of less than (0.001) respectively. Discussion: Rates of non-adherence with psychotropic / antidepressants are difficult to summarize because they varywith setting, diagnosis, severity of illness and type of adherence difficulties. Drug non-adherence is a serious clinical problem and it has direct effects on illness management and prognosis. Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that the outcome for patients who vary medication doses without consulting a professional is poor. 

Hubungan Antara Menyusui Dengan Involusi Uterus Pada Ibu Nifas Fisiologis Di RSIA Aura Syifa Kabupaten Kediri

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Eny Sendra ◽  
Dewi Indriani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fisher Test ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Moment

Breast feeding is giving milk to be drunk to the baby from the breast. Uterus involution is a process how the uterus return to the condition back, before pregnanting after bearing. At the moment of suckling, happens a stimulus and brings the hormones out, such as oksitosin uses not only to stimulate some muscles constraction but also to stimulate the uterus, so that the process of uterus involution happens foster. According to the explanations above, the research aimed to know about the correlation between breast feeding and uterus involution. This research’s design was, cross sectional by the population of all childbirth mothers approximately 50 persons / month. By using accidental sampling technique we got 21 sample respondents. The place of research in RSIA Aura Syifa in Kediri Regency on 16th until 22nd of June 2009. From this research’s result, we got 14 persons (66,67%) with normal uterus involution, suckled in a good way, one person (4,67%) with normal uterus involution, suckled in a wrong way, 2 persons (9,52%) with abnormal uterus involution, suckled in a good way and 4 persons (19,05%) with abnormal uterus involution, suckled in a wrong way. Statistic test which used chi-square test, counted the probability frequency in advance, from that we got 3 columns with the score, less than 5, so that chi-square can not be continued and by doing exact fisher test, the score was 0,001. Because P with the grade mistake 0,05 smaller, so the conclusion was “Ho” is rejected, it meant “there was correlation between suckling and uterus involution”. Key Word : Breast feeding, uterus involution

FAKTOR PERSONAL YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI PERAWAT RSUD EMBUNG FATIMAH BATAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Asfri Sri Rahmadeni
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

<p class="Normal1"><em>Commitment is the attitude or behavior of likes or dislikes shown by someone against the organization at work. Indonesia is recorded as a nurse who has a low organizational commitment (76%) so it harms services. This phenomenon in the hospital can be seen from the indicator of the high turnover rate of nurses which reaches 30.9% which exceeds the standard &lt;5%. Many factors affect organizational commitment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Personal Factors Associated with Organizational Commitment of Hospital Nurses. This study is a cross-sectional analytic study and purposive sampling technique with a sample of 59 nurses. Chi-Square test results obtained personal factors that have a relationship with organizational commitment Nurse Hospital is age with p = 0,000 and education with p = 0,000, personal factors not related to organizational commitment are gender p = 1,053 and years of service with p = 1,147. Hospitals should conduct research/surveys on Organizational Commitment periodically as an evaluation material in the context of the organization's development and development in the future</em>.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document