scholarly journals A descriptive analysis of PVL-positive multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospital-associated infections in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 586-593
Author(s):  
Amir Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Associated Infections

scholarly journals Prevalence of resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in frozen meat and their control using phytosynthesized selenium nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Al-Saggaf ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Minced Meat

Staphylococcus aureus continually threatens the safety of meat products, especially the multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. The screening of MDR S. aureus prevalence in marketed meat products in Saudi Arabia was conducted via molecular identification of resistance genes (cfr, gyrA, and gyrB) that occurred in isolated bacteria. The green phytosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) was also conducted, using the fruits’ extract of Phyllanthus Emblica (PeE), for their evaluation as antibacterial nanocomposites against MDR S. aureus isolates. The prevalence percentage (PP) of S. aureus in meat samples was 14.2%, where the MDR S. aureus prevalence was 9.2%. The highest prevalence of S. aureus isolates was attained from minced meat samples, whereas the highest PP for multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus was recorded from sausages samples. The PeE-synthesized Se-NPs had negative charges, spherical shapes, and well-disperssion with mean diameters of 11.98 nm. The anti- S. aureus activities of PeE, phytosynthesized Se-NPs, and their composite (PeE/Se-NPs) were proved qualitatively and quantitatively against the different standard and MDR strains, the antibacterial action of PeE/Se-NPs was the strongest. The treatment of MDR S. aureus with PeE/Se-NPs led to severe cells’ lyses/explosion after 8 h of exposure. The nanocomposites from PeE/Se-NPs are recommended for controlling MDR S. aureus in meat.

scholarly journals High Contribution and Impact of Resistant Gram Negative Pathogens Causing Surgical Site infections at a Multi-Hospital Healthcare System in Saudi Arabia, 2007-2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiman El-Saed ◽  
Hanan Balkhy ◽  
Majid M. Alshamrani ◽  
Sameera Aljohani ◽  
Asim Alsaedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Abstract BACKGROUND Despite being largely preventable, surgical site infections (SSIs) are still one of the most frequent healthcare-associated infections. The presence of resistant pathogens can further augment their clinical and economic impacts. The objective was to estimate the distribution and resistance in SSI pathogens in Saudi Arabia and to compare them to the US National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) hospitals. METHODS Targeted SSI surveillance was prospectively conducted on several surgical procedures done between 2007 and 2016 in four hospitals of Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs. Definitions and methodology of SSI and bacterial resistance were based on NHSN. RESULTS A total 492 pathogens causing 403 SSI events were included. The most frequent pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (22.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.1%), Klebsiella spp. (12.2%), and Escherichia coli (12.2%), with marked variability between surgeries. Approximately 30.3% of Staphylococcus aureus was methicillin-resistant (MRSA), 13.0% of Enterococcus spp. was vancomycin-resistant (VRE), and 5.5% of Enterobacteriaceae were carbapenem resistant (CRE). The highest multidrug-resistant (MDR) GNPs were Acinetobacter spp. (58.3%), Klebsiella spp. (20.4%) and Escherichia coli (16.3%). MRSA was significantly less frequent while cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella spp., MDR Klebsiella spp., and MDR Escherichia coli were significantly more frequent in our hospitals compared with NHSN hospitals. CONCLUSION GNPs in a tertiary care setting in Saudi Arabia are responsible for more than 60% of SSI with more resistant patterns than Western countries. This information may be critical to secure resources and ensure support for caregivers and healthcare leaders in implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs and evidence-based SSI preventive practices.

scholarly journals High Contribution and Impact of Resistant Gram Negative Pathogens Causing Surgical Site infections at a Multi-Hospital Healthcare System in Saudi Arabia, 2007-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Balkhy ◽  
Aiman El-Saed ◽  
Majid M. Alshamrani ◽  
Sameera Aljohani ◽  
Asim Alsaedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Tertiary Care Setting

Abstract BACKGROUND Despite being largely preventable, surgical site infections (SSIs) is still one of the most frequent healthcare associated infections worldwide. The presence of resistant pathogens can further augment its clinical and economic impact. The objective was to estimate the prevalence and extent of resistance in SSI pathogens in a tertiary care setting in Saudi Arabia and to compare such data to US National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) hospitals.METHODS Targeted SSI surveillance was prospectively conducted on several surgical procedures done between 2007 and 2016 in four hospitals of Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs. Definitions and methodology of SSI and bacterial resistance were based on NHSN.RESULTS A total 492 pathogens causing 403 SSI events were included. The most frequent pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (22.8%), Pseudomonas (20.1%), Klebsiella (12.2%), and Escherichia coli (12.2%), with marked variability between surgeries. Approximately 30.3% of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant (MRSA), 13.0% of Enterococci were vancomycin-resistant (VRE), and 5.5% of Enterobacteriaceae were carbapenem resistant (CRE). The highest multidrug-resistant (MDR) GNPs were Acinetobacter (58.3%), Klebsiella (20.4%) and Escherichia coli (16.3%). MRSA was significantly less frequent while cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella, MDR Klebsiella, and MDR Escherichia coli were significantly more frequent in our hospitals compared with NHSN hospitals.CONCLUSION GNPs in a tertiary care setting in Saudi Arabia are responsible for approximately 60% of SSI with more resistant patterns than Western countries. This information may be critical to secure resources and ensure support of caregivers and healthcare leaders in implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs and evidence-based SSI preventive practices.KEYWORDS Antimicrobial resistance, multidrug resistance, surgical site infections, surveillance, pathogens, hospital, Saudi Arabia

Assessment of the Multifactorial Effect on Antimicrobial Sensitivity in Positive Staphylococcus Aureus Clinical Isolates from Assir Region, Saudi Arabia

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar M Abdalla ◽  
Waleed O Haimour ◽  
Amani A Osman ◽  
Hassan Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity

General objectives: This study aimed at assessment of factors affecting antimicrobial sensitivity in Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from Assir region, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: In this study, eighty one patients presented with Staph. aureus infections either nosocomial or community acquired infections were involved by collecting nasal swabs from them at Aseer Central Hospital General Lab. These patients were from all age groups and from males and females during the period of Jan 2011- Jun 2011. These samples were undergone variable laboratory procedures mainly; bactech, culture media, antibiotics sensitivity test using diffusion disc test (MIC) and molecular (PCR) for detection of mec A gene. Clinical and laboratory data were recorded in special formats and analyzed by statistical computer program (SPSS). Results: Showed that; Descriptive and analytical statistical analysis were performed and final results were plotted in tables. In Staph aureus MecA gene positive cases (50) showed: Oxacillin/ Mithicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Fusidin resistant in diabetic patients were 13, 26.0%, 9, 18% and 7, 14% respectively and in non diabetic patients were 37, 74.0%, 22, 44% and 20, 40% respectively. While no sensitivity in diabetic and non diabetic patients using Oxacillin/ Mithicillin. In Staph aureus MecA gene negative cases (31) showed: Oxacillin/ Mithicillin, sensitivity in diabetic patients (5, 16.1%) and in non diabetic were (26, 83.9%). While no resistant in diabetic and non diabetic patients. In Ciprofloxacin and Fusidin resistant in diabetic patients were 1, 3.2% and 1, 3.2% respectively and in non diabetic patients were 12, 38.7% and 7, 22.6%respectively. Erythromycin in Staph aureus ( MecA gene) positive cases (50) showed: resistant in age (0-15) years were (5, 10%), (16-50) years were (16, 32%) and ( ›50 years) were (12, 24%). Erythromycin in Staph aureus (MecA gene) negative cases (31) showed: resistant in age (0-15) years were (6, 19.3%), (16-50) years were (5, 16.1%) and ( ›50 years) were (3, 9.7%). Conclusion: Drugs resistance is a major progressive multifactorial problem facing the treatment of Staph aureus infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12750 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 152-159

Antibacterial Activity of Desert Truffles from Saudi Arabia Against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Schillaci ◽  
Maria Grazia Cusimano ◽  
Stella Maria Cascioferro ◽  
Vita Di Stefano ◽  
Vincenzo Arizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Desert Truffles

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Virulence Determinants and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Methicillin—Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Nursing Home in Poland

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Martyna Kasela ◽  
Agnieszka Grzegorczyk ◽  
Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek ◽  
Anna Malm
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis

Nursing homes (NH) contribute to the regional spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, residents are vulnerable to the colonization and subsequent infection of MRSA etiology. We aimed at investigating the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of 21 MRSA collected from the residents and personnel in an NH (Lublin, Poland) during 2018. All MRSA were screened for 20 genes encoding virulence determinants (sea-see, eta, etb, tst, lukS-F-PV, eno, cna, ebpS, fib, bbp, fnbA, fnbB, icaADBC) and for resistance to 18 antimicrobials. To establish the relatedness and clonal complexes of MRSA in NH we applied multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat fingerprinting (MLVF), pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. We identified four sequence types (ST) among two clonal complexes (CC): ST (CC22) known as EMRSA-15 as well as three novel STs—ST6295 (CC8), ST6293 (CC8) and ST6294. All tested MRSA were negative for sec, eta, etb, lukS-F-PV, bbp and ebpS genes. The most prevalent gene encoding toxin was sed (52.4%; n = 11/21), and adhesins were eno and fnbA (100%). Only 9.5% (n = 2/21) of MRSA were classified as multidrug-resistant. The emergence of novel MRSA with a unique virulence and the presence of epidemic clone EMRSA-15 creates challenges for controlling the spread of MRSA in NH.

scholarly journals Spectral and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogens Isolated from Saudi Patients with Diabetic Foot Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Samiah Hamad S Al-Mijalli
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are a significant health issue and a common complication among patients with diabetes. To develop antibiotic therapy for these high-risk patients, the current study evaluates the scope of DFIs and identifies the causing microbes. It also measures spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of the pathogens isolated from adults with DFIs in Saudi Arabia. To achieve the study objectives, a cross-sectional study was implemented and the baseline characteristics for 44 patients with DFIs were defined. Optimal aerobic and anaerobic microbiological techniques were utilized to culture specimens isolated from infected foot ulcers. The standard microbiological methods were employed to identify the bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted following the procedures of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results showed that 12 microorganisms were isolated from the participants’ diabetic foot ulcers. Staphylococcus Aureus was ranked first because it appeared in 29 (65.9%) cases. Streptococcus Agalactiae was ranked second and multi-microbial infections were also found. Most of the organisms were susceptible to Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, and Cefalexin, but they were resistant to Methicillin, Gentamicin, and Ampicillin antibiotics. Staphylococcus Aureus was most sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, while it was resistant to Methicillin. About 10% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. The study concludes that while Vancomycin should be used empirically for Gram-positive isolates, Ciprofloxacin can be taken into consideration for most of the Gram-negatives aerobes. Based on including various microorganisms and the advent of multidrug-resistant strains, proper culture and sensitivity testing are necessary prior to the empirical therapy.

scholarly journals Successful Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Joint Infection with Bacteriophage Therapy

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182
Author(s):  
Claudia Ramirez-Sanchez ◽  
Francis Gonzales ◽  
Maureen Buckley ◽  
Biswajit Biswas ◽  
Matthew Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Lytic Phage ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Knee Joint Infection

Successful joint replacement is a life-enhancing procedure with significant growth in the past decade. Prosthetic joint infection occurs rarely; it is a biofilm-based infection that is poorly responsive to antibiotic alone. Recent interest in bacteriophage therapy has made it possible to treat some biofilm-based infections, as well as those caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, successfully when conventional antibiotic therapy has failed. Here, we describe the case of a 61-year-old woman who was successfully treated after a second cycle of bacteriophage therapy administered at the time of a two-stage exchange procedure for a persistent methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) prosthetic knee-joint infection. We highlight the safety and efficacy of both intravenous and intra-articular infusions of bacteriophage therapy, a successful outcome with a single lytic phage, and the development of serum neutralization with prolonged treatment.

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