scholarly journals Prevalence of resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in frozen meat and their control using phytosynthesized selenium nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Al-Saggaf ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Minced Meat

Staphylococcus aureus continually threatens the safety of meat products, especially the multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. The screening of MDR S. aureus prevalence in marketed meat products in Saudi Arabia was conducted via molecular identification of resistance genes (cfr, gyrA, and gyrB) that occurred in isolated bacteria. The green phytosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) was also conducted, using the fruits’ extract of Phyllanthus Emblica (PeE), for their evaluation as antibacterial nanocomposites against MDR S. aureus isolates. The prevalence percentage (PP) of S. aureus in meat samples was 14.2%, where the MDR S. aureus prevalence was 9.2%. The highest prevalence of S. aureus isolates was attained from minced meat samples, whereas the highest PP for multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus was recorded from sausages samples. The PeE-synthesized Se-NPs had negative charges, spherical shapes, and well-disperssion with mean diameters of 11.98 nm. The anti- S. aureus activities of PeE, phytosynthesized Se-NPs, and their composite (PeE/Se-NPs) were proved qualitatively and quantitatively against the different standard and MDR strains, the antibacterial action of PeE/Se-NPs was the strongest. The treatment of MDR S. aureus with PeE/Se-NPs led to severe cells’ lyses/explosion after 8 h of exposure. The nanocomposites from PeE/Se-NPs are recommended for controlling MDR S. aureus in meat.

scholarly journals Molecular and HPLC-based approaches for detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A released from toxigenic Aspergillus species in processed meat

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelazeem M. Algammal ◽  
Mahmoud E. Elsayed ◽  
Hany R. Hashem ◽  
Hazem Ramadan ◽  
Norhan S. Sheraba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Beef Meat ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Minced Meat ◽  
Mold Count

Abstract Background Meat-products are considered an enriched media for mycotoxins. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of toxigenic Aspergillus species in processed meat samples, HPLC-quantitative measurement of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A residues, and molecular sequencing of aflR1 and pks genes. One hundred and twenty processed beef meat specimens (basterma, sausage, and minced meat; n = 40 for each) were collected from Ismailia Province, Egypt. Samples were prepared for total mold count, isolation, and identification of Aspergillus species. All samples were analyzed for the production of both Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A mycotoxins by HPLC. Molecular identification of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus was performed using PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region; furthermore, the aflR1 and pks genes were sequenced. Results The total mold count obtained from sausage samples was the highest one, followed by minced meat samples. The prevalence of A. flavus was (15%), (7.5%), and (10%), while the prevalence of A. ochraceus was (2.5%), (10%), and (0%) in the examined basterma, sausage, and minced meat samples, respectively. Using PCR, the ITS region was successfully amplified in all the tested A. flavus and A. ochraceus strains. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in six basterma samples (15%). Moreover, the ochratoxin A was detected only in four sausage samples (10%). The aflR1 and pks genes were amplified and sequenced successfully and deposited in the GenBank with accession numbers MF694264 and MF694264, respectively. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the HPLC-Molecular-based approaches for the detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in processed beef meat in Egypt. The production of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in processed meat constitutes a public health threat. Aflatoxin B1 is commonly associated with basterma samples. Moreover, ochratoxin A was detected frequently in sausage samples. The routine inspection of mycotoxins in processed meat products is essential to protect human consumers.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dog dental plaque

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427
Author(s):  
S. Nouri Gharajalar ◽  
M. Onsori
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay

Multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains are a major health care problem both in humans and animals. In this work we described three multiplex PCR assays for detection of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes in S. aureus isolated from dog dental plaques. Thirty dental plaque samples were collected; then cultural, biochemical and molecular tests performed for isolation and identification of S. aureus from samples. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates were checked by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes determined using multiplex PCR assay. As a result S. aureus was isolated from 18 dog plaque samples. Fifteen of these isolates were resistant to penicillin. The mecA gene was more prevalent than blaZ among penicillin-resistant bacteria. Ten of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline. The percentage of tetM was higher than tetK among them. Also, 10 of the isolates were resistant to cefazolin among them bla TEM detected in higher rate than blaSHV and blaOXA-1. Hence multiplex PCR assay is a suitable method for detection of antibiotic resistance patterns of S. aureus isolates.

scholarly journals Combined Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Rapid Detection and One-Step Differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Meat Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Kreitlow ◽  
André Becker ◽  
Marwa F. E. Ahmed ◽  
Sophie Kittler ◽  
Ulrich Schotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
One Step ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Minced Meat

A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay system was established, allowing rplD gene-based simultaneous detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in enriched meat products. Additionally, one-step differentiation of target species on agar plates was enabled by cdtC gene- and gyrA gene-based duplex LAMP. Both the rplD and cdtC–gyrA LAMP assays amplified the target sequences in all 62 C. jejuni and 27 C. coli strains used for determining inclusivity and revealed 100% exclusivity toward 85 tested non-target species. Throughout the entire experiments, C. jejuni and C. coli strains were 100% distinguishable by melting curves of cdtC and gyrA LAMP products. After 24-h enrichment, the rplD LAMP assay reliably detected initial inoculation levels of 10–100 CFU/g in artificially contaminated minced meat. Investigation of naturally contaminated meat samples revealed a diagnostic accuracy of 95% toward real-time PCR and 94.1% toward the standard culture method applying the 24-h incubation period. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 89.8, 100, 100, and 91.2%, respectively, when measured against real-time PCR, and 89.6, 98.1, 97.7, and 91.2%, respectively, when measured against the standard culture method. After 48-h enrichment, the detection limit of the rplD LAMP assay improved to initial inoculation levels of 1–10 CFU/g in artificially contaminated minced meat. Applying the 48-h incubation period on naturally contaminated meat samples resulted in 100% concordant results between rplD LAMP, real-time PCR, and the standard culture method. The established LAMP assay system was proved to be suitable for rapid meat sample screening. Furthermore, it constitutes a promising tool for investigating other Campylobacter sources and could therefore make a valuable contribution to protect consumers from foodborne illness.

scholarly journals High Contribution and Impact of Resistant Gram Negative Pathogens Causing Surgical Site infections at a Multi-Hospital Healthcare System in Saudi Arabia, 2007-2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiman El-Saed ◽  
Hanan Balkhy ◽  
Majid M. Alshamrani ◽  
Sameera Aljohani ◽  
Asim Alsaedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Abstract BACKGROUND Despite being largely preventable, surgical site infections (SSIs) are still one of the most frequent healthcare-associated infections. The presence of resistant pathogens can further augment their clinical and economic impacts. The objective was to estimate the distribution and resistance in SSI pathogens in Saudi Arabia and to compare them to the US National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) hospitals. METHODS Targeted SSI surveillance was prospectively conducted on several surgical procedures done between 2007 and 2016 in four hospitals of Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs. Definitions and methodology of SSI and bacterial resistance were based on NHSN. RESULTS A total 492 pathogens causing 403 SSI events were included. The most frequent pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (22.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.1%), Klebsiella spp. (12.2%), and Escherichia coli (12.2%), with marked variability between surgeries. Approximately 30.3% of Staphylococcus aureus was methicillin-resistant (MRSA), 13.0% of Enterococcus spp. was vancomycin-resistant (VRE), and 5.5% of Enterobacteriaceae were carbapenem resistant (CRE). The highest multidrug-resistant (MDR) GNPs were Acinetobacter spp. (58.3%), Klebsiella spp. (20.4%) and Escherichia coli (16.3%). MRSA was significantly less frequent while cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella spp., MDR Klebsiella spp., and MDR Escherichia coli were significantly more frequent in our hospitals compared with NHSN hospitals. CONCLUSION GNPs in a tertiary care setting in Saudi Arabia are responsible for more than 60% of SSI with more resistant patterns than Western countries. This information may be critical to secure resources and ensure support for caregivers and healthcare leaders in implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs and evidence-based SSI preventive practices.

Characterization and Horizontal Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Integrons in Bacteria Isolated from Cooked Meat Products in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 2048-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yu ◽  
Xiaobing Jiang ◽  
Yu Liang ◽  
Yanping Zhu ◽  
Jinhe Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Integrase Gene ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Cooked Meat ◽  
Cooked Meat Products

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial resistance and the presence and transferability of corresponding resistance genes and integrons in bacteria isolated from cooked meat samples in the People's Republic of China. A total of 150 isolates (22 species belonging to 15 genera) were isolated from 49 samples. Resistance of these isolates to antimicrobials was commonly observed; 42.7, 36.0, and 25.3% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, and ampicillin, respectively. Multidrug resistance was observed in 41 (27.3%) of the isolates. Sixteen resistance genes, i.e., blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-14 (β-lactams), aac(3)-IIa (gentamicin), strA and strB (streptomycin), qnrB and qnrS (fluoroquinolone), sul1, sul2, and sul3 (sulfamethoxazole), cat1 and cat2 (chloramphenicol), and tetM, tetA, tetS, and tetB (tetracycline), were found in 54 isolates. One isolate of Pseudomonas putida carried qnrB, and sequence analysis of the PCR product revealed 96% identity to qnrB2. The qnr genes were found coresiding and were cotransferred with bla genes in two isolates. Twelve isolates were positive for the class 1 integrase gene, and four isolates carried the class 2 integrase gene. However, no class 3 integrase gene was detected. One isolate of Proteus mirabilis carried dfrA32-ereA-aadA2, and this unusual array could be transferred to Escherichia coli. Nonclassic class 1 integrons lacking qacEΔ1 and sul1 genes were found in 2 of the 12 intI1-positive isolates. Our results revealed the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in cooked meats and the presence and transferability of resistance genes in some isolates, suggesting that cooked meat products may act as reservoirs of drug-resistant bacteria and may facilitate the spread of resistance genes.

Using Histological Analysis to Detect Mincemeat Falsification

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Diaphragmatic Muscle ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Technological University ◽  
Minced Meat

The article considers the problem of the quality and falsification of semi-finished meat products in the Russian Federation. The studies carried out based on the Perm Agrarian and Technological University in 2019. Samples of artificially falsified minced meat controlled by intact ground beef used as material for research. Shredded liver, kidneys, lungs, udder, diaphragm are introduced into the test samples. The tests were carried out by the histological method, according to GOST 19496-2013. By using histological analysis of minced striated muscles obtained images striation characteristic of skeletal musculature. In the cytoplasm of individual myocytes, sarcocystis found that was quite high. Comparative analysis mincemeat with minced skeletal and diaphragmatic muscles revealed it hard to detect as falsification. However, it's possible given some morphological differences between skeletal and diaphragmatic muscle fibers. In the process of microscopy of minced meat samples, without falsified by-products, inclusions of the corresponding tissues are easily visualized. As a result, we can conclude that histological analysis is a reasonably reliable way to determine the composition of chopped meat products. Unfortunately, the current standard is the mandatory histological identification of semi-finished products only if there is a disagreement on the structure of the raw material. That is, the problem of falsification lies not only in the dishonesty of producers but also in the presence of regulatory requirements governing the requirements for meat and meat products.

Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Farm Environments and Retail Products in Oklahoma

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2022-2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIN-HEE KIM ◽  
CHENG-I WEI ◽  
YWH-MIN TZOU ◽  
HAEJUNG AN
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Class 1

Multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria were isolated from turkey, cattle, and chicken farms and retail meat products in Oklahoma. Among the isolated species, multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae was prevalently isolated from most of the collected samples. Therefore, a total of 132 isolates of K. pneumoniae were characterized to understand their potential roles in the dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes in the food chains. Multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae was most frequently recovered from a turkey farm and ground turkey products among the tested samples. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamycin, and kanamycin. Class 1 integrons located in plasmids were identified as a common carrier of the aadA1 gene, encoding resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin. Production of β-lactamase in the K. pneumoniae isolates played a major role in the resistance to β-lactam agents. Most isolates (96%) possessed blaSHV-1. Five strains were able to express both SHV-11 (pI 6.2) and TEM-1 (pI 5.2) β-lactamase. Transfer of these antibiotic-resistance genes to Escherichia coli was demonstrated by transconjugation. The bacterial genomic DNA restriction patterns by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that the same clones of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae remained in feathers, feed, feces, and drinking water in turkey environments, indicating the possible dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes in the ecosystem and cross-contamination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria during processing and distribution of products.

scholarly journals Genotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridioides difficile in Camel Minced Meat

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Fayez ◽  
Waleed R. El-Ghareeb ◽  
Ahmed Elmoslemany ◽  
Saleem J. Alsunaini ◽  
Mohamed Alkafafy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Type A ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Minced Meat ◽  
Butcher Shops

The present study aimed to determine the occurrence, genotypes, and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) and Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) in camel minced meat samples collected from small butcher shops and supermarkets in Al-Ahsa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. A total of 100 camel minced meat samples were randomly collected from small butcher’s shops (n = 50) and supermarkets (n = 50) in Al-Ahsa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. C. perfringens and C. difficile were isolated and identified using the VITEK-2 compact system and 16S rRNA gene amplification. Genotypes, toxin genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates were determined. Moreover, ELISA was used to detect C. perfringens and C. difficile toxins. C. perfringens and C. difficile were isolated from 14% and 4% of the tested minced meat samples, respectively. Out of the 14 C. perfringens isolates, type A (64.3%), type B (7.1%), type C (21.5%), and type D (7.1%) were detected. However, out of the four C. difficile isolates, three (75%) were type A+B+ and one (25%) was type A−B+. None of the C. perfringens or C. difficile toxins were identified using ELISA. C. perfringens and C. difficile isolates exhibited a high rate of resistance to tetracycline (56% and 75%, respectively). However, all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate. Multidrug resistance was observed in three (21.4%) C. perfringens and one (25%) C. difficile isolates. In conclusion, camel minced meat was contaminated with C. perfringens and C. difficile, which present a potential risk of food poisoning. The majority of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and some isolates were multidrug-resistant. Therefore, food safety standards and frequent inspections of abattoirs, small butcher shops, and supermarkets should be enforced.

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