scholarly journals HIGHLY EFFICIENT REMOVAL OF COPPER(II) IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY NICKEL 2-ETHYLIMIDAZOLATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Fufaeva ◽  
Dmitry V. Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Sorption Kinetics ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Average Pore Radius ◽  
Sample Characterization ◽  
Exchange Adsorption ◽  
Sorbent Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms

Nickel 2-ethylimidazolate was obtained and characterized, which is used in this work as a sorbent for the removal of copper (II) ions. The sample characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. It was found that the obtained sorbent is a microheterogeneous material with the size of individual particles in the range of 0.4-0.7 μm. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms in the pores of nickel 2-ethylimidazolate were obtained. It was found that when processing the experimental data in linear coordinates of TVFM, linearization is reached in coordinates lnV-lnPs/P, which indicates the predominance of mesopores in the structure of nickel 2-ethylimidazolate. The total pore volume was determined from the TVFM linear coordinates. It was 0.21 cm3/g. According to obtained differential pore size distribution, the most probable average pore radius corresponds to 7.5 nm. One of the main characteristics of nickel 2-ethylimidazolate as a sorbent, the surface area was determined by the A.V. Kiselev method and amounted to 703.56 m2/g. The efficiency verification of using nickel 2-ethylimidazolate in the heavy metal ions sorption processes was carried out by removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous solutions by the limited solution volume method at different contact times. The copper(II) sorption kinetics in the presence of nickel 2-ethylimidazolate was studied by processing experimental data in the first and second orders linear coordinates. It was found that the adsorption kinetics of copper(II) ions is described by a second order model, which indicated ion-exchange adsorption. Equilibrium adsorption capacity in the sorbent-solution system is reached at a contact time of 90-120 min.

scholarly journals ACTIVITY TEST AND REGENERATION OF NiMo/Z CATALYST FOR HYDROCRACKING OF WASTE PLASTIC FRACTION TO GASOLINE FRACTION

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodiansono Rodiansono ◽  
Wega Trisunaryanti
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Pore Radius ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Gasoline Fraction ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Average Pore Radius ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Hydrogen Stream

Activity test and regeneration of NiMo/active natural zeolite catalyst for hydrocracking of waste plastic fraction of polyprophylene (PP) type have been carried out. The catalysts was prepared by loading Mo followed by Ni Metals onto the natural zeolite (Z) sample, then calcined at 500oC, oxidized and reduced at 400oC under nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen stream, respectively. The characterization of catalysts including spesific surface area, average pore radius, and total pore volume were performed by gas sorption analyzer, amount of total acid sites was determined by gas sorption method, and acid site strength was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The hydrocracking process was carried out in a semi-flow reactor system at 360 oC and catalyst:feed ratio 0.5 under hydrogen stream (150 mL/hour). The feed was vaporized from the pyrolisis reactor into the hydrocracking reactor. A liquid product was collected and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The characterization results showed that spesific surface area, average pore radius, and total pore volume of the Z sample decreased after loading of the Ni and Mo metals. Amount of total acid sites of the NiMo/Z catalyst was higher than that of the Z sample. The activity of NiMo/Z catalyst decreased after several continously runs. Its regeneration produced the NiMo/Z reg catalyst with similar activity and selectivity to the fresh catalyst (NiMo/Z). The activity of catalysts at the optimum condition followed the order of NiMo/Z reg>NiMo/Z>Z (conversion of hydrocarbon C>12) and NiMo/Z reg>NiMo/Z>Z (total yield of gasoline fraction). The selectivity of catalysts for C7-C8 product followed the order of Z>NiMo/Z>NiMo/Z reg. Keywords: activity, polyprophylene, catalyst, gasoline fraction.

Optimization of Production Conditions for Activated Carbons from Rice Husk by Potassium Carbonate Using Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 1053 ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mian Wu Meng ◽  
Cong Liang Qi ◽  
Qing Ye Liu ◽  
Liang Lv ◽  
Hao Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherm

A three-factor-three-level experiment was developed by the central composite design (CCD) and Response surface methodology to discuss the effects of concentration of K2CO3, activation temperature and time on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon (AC) derived from the rice husk and to identify the key preparation parameters. The performance of the AC was characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherm as Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The optimal parameters were obtained: Rice husk was soaked in K2CO3 solution (2.32 mol/L) with an impregnation ratio (rice husk: K2CO3=1:3) (wt. %), activated at 1239 K for 0.48 h. The results showed that iodine adsorption capacity of the AC was 1268.52 mg/g, the error between the models predicted (1356.98 mg/g) was only 6.2%. The AC has a large apparent surface area (SBET = 1312 m2/g), total pore volume (0.78 cm3/g) and average pore diameter (11.92 Å).

scholarly journals Structure, Texture and Catalytic Properties of CuO/Fe2O3 and CuFe2O4

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Youssef ◽  
G.E. Badr ◽  
Th. El-Nabarawy
Keyword(s):  
Pore Radius ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Average Pore Radius ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Thermal Product ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation

CuO/Fe2O3 (1:1) was prepared by co-precipitation. Six thermal products (I–VI) were obtained by calcination in the temperature range 300–800°C. The structures of I–VI were determined from XRD patterns and they were also identified from electrical conductivity measurements in the temperature range 313–523 K. The textural properties were determined from nitrogen adsorption at 77 K and the acidities of the thermal product were measured by pyridine chemisorption at 423 K. The decomposition of H2O2 over the catalysts I–VI was followed in the temperature range 303–323 K. Conversion of 2-propanol was investigated at 523 K. Calcination of CuO/Fe2O3 at 600°C resulted in partial transformation to CuFe2O4, this transformation predominating at 700°C and being complete at 800°C. Two mechanisms of electrical conduction are involved for catalysts calcined at 600–800°C depending on the temperature at which σ is measured. The surface area decreases and the average pore radius increases with increasing calcination temperature due to sintering and spinel formation. A mechanism is suggested for H2O2 decomposition and the activity and selectivity of the catalysts towards the conversion of 2-propanol are discussed.

APPARENT DENSITIES AND INTERNAL SURFACE AREAS OF SELECTED CARBON BLACKS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Walker Jr. ◽  
W. V. Kotlensky
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Roughness Factor ◽  
Internal Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms

It is shown that the open pore volume within carbon blacks can be calculated from nitrogen adsorption isotherms (77°K) on the blacks. From this volume and a helium density, the apparent density of a black can be calculated. Other properties of the blacks which then can be calculated are free surface area, internal surface area, surface roughness factor, and the average pore diameter of the internal surface. These data are presented for five selected carbon blacks.

scholarly journals Study of activated carbon characteristic from ketaping fruit shell (Terminalia Catappa) as supercapasitors electrode

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rahma Joni ◽  
Syukri Syukri ◽  
Hermansyah Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Average Pore Radius ◽  
Terminalia Catappa

Studi karakteristik karbon aktif dari cangkang buah ketaping (Terminalia Catappa) sebagai elektroda superkapasitor telah diteliti. Karbon aktif dari cangkang buah ketaping (CBK) disiapkan dengan proses karbonisasi pada suhu 400oC dan Proses aktivasi KOH pada suhu 800oC di bawah aliran gas N2. Karbon aktif CBK memiliki kandungan karbon dengan massa atomik sebesar 97,52%. Karbon aktif CBK memiliki struktur amorf dengan dua buah puncak yang lebar pada sudut 2θ yaitu 24,93o dan 42,93o yang bersesuaian dengan bidang (002) dan (100). Karbon aktif CBK yang dihasilkan memiliki pola serapan dengan jenis ikatan OH, C-H, C=O, dan C=C. Adanya ikatan OH dan C=O menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif yang dihasilkan cenderung bersifat lebih polar. Morfologi permukaan karbon aktif CBK menunjukan distribusi ukuran pori yang merata dan luas permukaan yang besar. Luas permukaan spesifik karbon aktif dari CBK adalah 799,892 m2×g-1 dengan volume total pori 0,080 cm3×g-1 dan jari-jari pori rata-rata 1,9072 nm. Kapasitansi spesifik dari karbon aktif dari CBK adalah sebesar 125,446 F×g-1. Studies on the characteristics of activated carbon from ketaping fruit shells (Terminalia Catappa) as supercapacitor electrodes have been studied. Activated carbon from ketaping fruit shells (KFS) prepared by carbonization process at 400oC and the KOH activation process is carried out at 800oC under N2 gas flow. Activated carbon KFS has a carbon content with 97.52% of atomic mass. Activated carbon KFS has an amorphous structure with two wide peaks at an angle of 2θ 24.93ᵒ and 42.93ᵒ corresponding to the plane (002) and (100). Activated carbon KFS produced has an absorption pattern with OH, C-H, C = O, and C = C bond types. The presence of OH and C = O bonds indicates that the activated charcoal produced tends to be more polar. The surface morphology of activated carbon KFS shows an even distribution of pore size and large surface area. The specific surface area of activated carbon KFS is 799.892 m2×g-1 with a total pore volume 0.080 cm3×g-1 and an average pore radius of 1.9072 nm. The specific capacitance value of activated carbon KFS is 125.444 F×g-1.Keywords: Ketaping, Activated Carbon, Supercapacitor, Activator, Capacitance. 

scholarly journals The Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon Electrodes from Pineapple Leaf Fibers for Supercapacitor Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Agustino Agustino ◽  
Rakhmawati Farma ◽  
Erman Taer
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Average Pore Radius ◽  
Supercapacitor Application

Elektroda karbon aktif berbasis serat daun nanas (SDN) telah berhasil diproduksi dengan proses tiga langkah berikut ini, yaitu: (i) aktivasi kimia, (ii) karbonisasi, dan (iii) aktivasi fisika. Aktivasi kimia dilakukan dengan menggunakan agen pengaktif KOH dengan konsetrasi 0,3 M. Karbonisasi dilakukan dalam lingkungan gas N2 pada temperatur 600oC dan diikuti oleh aktivasi fisika pada temperatur 850oC menggunakan gas CO2 selama 2,5 jam. Luas permukaan spesifik elektroda 512,211 m2×g-1 dengan volume total pori sebesar 0,093 cm3×g–1, dan jari-jari pori rata-rata 1,199 nm. Morfologi permukaan elektroda karbon aktif menunjukkan adanya serat karbon dengan diameter serat dalam kisaran 101 - 185 nm dan memliki kandungan karbon dengan massa atomik sebesar 84,33%. Elektroda karbon aktif memiliki struktur amorf, yang ditunjukkan oleh dua puncak difraksi yang lebar pada sudut hamburan 24,64 dan 43,77o yang bersesuaian dengan bidang (002) dan (100). Kapasitansi spesifik, energi spesifik dan daya spesifik sel superkapasitor yang dihasilkan masing-masing sebesar 110 F×g-1, 15,28 Wh×kg-1 dan 36,69 W×kg-1. Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) based activated carbon electrode has been successfully produced using three-step process, i.e. (i) chemical activation, (ii) carbonization, and (iii) physical activation. The chemical activation was carried out using KOH activating agent with a concentration of 0.3 M. The carbonization process is conducted out in N2 gas environment at 600oC and followed by physical activation at a temperature of 850oC by using CO2 gas for 2.5 h. The specific surface area of the electrode is 512.211 m2×g-1 with a total pore volume of 0.093 cm3×g-1, and average pore radius of 1.199 nm. The surface morphology of the electrode shown the carbon fibers with diameter in the range of 101 - 185 nm and carbon content with 84.33% of atomic mass. The activated carbon electrode has an amorphous structure, which is shown by two wide diffraction peaks at scattering angles of 24.64 and 43.77o which correspond to the plane (002) and (100), respectively. The specific capacitance, energy and power of the electrode are 110 F×g-1, 15.28 Wh×kg-1 and 36.69 W×kg-1, respectively.Keywords: Serat daun nanas, Kalium hidroksida, Elektroda karbon aktif, Kapasitansi spesifik, Superkapasitor 

scholarly journals Effect of Hygrothermal Treatment on the Porous Structure and Nanomechanics of Moso Bamboo

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiyin Ye ◽  
Yanhui Huang ◽  
Qiming Feng ◽  
Benhua Fei
Keyword(s):  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Hygrothermal Treatment ◽  
Control Samples

Abstract Hygrothermal treatment is an environmentally friendly and efficient modification method. In this study, Moso bamboo was modified with hygrothermal treatments, and the results of nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nano indentation (NI) were then examined. Interestingly, the samples that underwent hygrothermal treatment at 180 °C and 100% RH (relative humidity) had the highest crystallinity (36.92%), which was 11.07% statistically larger than that of the control samples. Simultaneously, the total pore volume and average pore diameter (2.72 nm) dramatically decreased by 38.2% and 43.7%, respectively. The NI elasticity and hardness of the samples also reached the highest values under this condition; both increased by nearly 21% as compared with the control samples. Therefore, 180 °C is a favorable hygrothermal treatment temperature for Moso bamboo modification due to the porosity changes and the improvement of the nanomechanics of the cell walls.

Preparation of Porous Silica Microspheres by Polymerization-Induced Colloid Aggregation Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Li He ◽  
Xiu Hua Chen ◽  
Wen Jie Zhu ◽  
Wen Hui Ma ◽  
Yong Yin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Porous Silica ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Silica Microspheres ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The UF resin/SiO2 composites microspheres with particle size of 2μm were successfully prepared by polymerization of silica sol from base-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate, and urea-formaldehyde via the PICA approach, and then calcination in air to remove organic UF resin and yield porous silica microspheres. The samples were characterized by Zetasizer NanoZS Instrument, SEM and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The results showed that the synthesized porous silica microspheres with a BET surface area of 67.01m2/g, a BJH average pore size diameter of 37.32 nm and a total pore volume of 0.69cm3/g, respectively.

Porous Solids of Boron Phosphate, Aluminum Phosphate, and Silicon Phosphate

1994 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Babb ◽  
D. A. Lindquist ◽  
S. S. Rooke ◽  
W. E. Young ◽  
M. G. Kleve
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Aluminum Phosphate ◽  
Porous Solids ◽  
Gel Point ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Average Pore Radius ◽  
Surface Areas

AbstractAnhydrous sol-gel condensation of triethyl phosphate [(CH3CH2O)3PO] with boron trichioride (BCl3), triethyl aluminum [(CH3CH2)3Al] or silicon tetrachloride [SiCI4] in organic solvents led to rigid gels. The pore fluid of the gels was removed under supercritical conditions in a pressurized vessel to form porous solids. The condensation chemistry prior to the gel point was monitored by solution 1H, 13C, 31P, and 11B NMR. The materials were then calcined at progressively higher temperatures to produce high surface area phosphates. Nitrogen gasphysisorption was used to determine the surface areas, total pore volume, and average pore radius of the products. FT-IR was used to determine functional groups in the materials. The microstructure was also examined by scanning electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Surface Characteristics of the Pure and Li2O-doped MoO3/Al2O3 System

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. El-Shobaky ◽  
Kh.A. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Lithium Oxide ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms

Two series of MoO3/Al2O3 solids, having the nominal compositions 0.2MoO3: Al2O3 and 0.5MoO3:A12O3, were prepared by impregnating finely powdered Al(OH)3 samples with calculated amounts of ammonium molybdate solutions. The solids thus obtained were dried at 120°C and then calcined in air at temperatures varying between 400°C and 1000°C. The doped samples were prepared by treating Al(OH)3 with LiNO3 solutions prior to impregnation with ammonium molybdate. The dopant concentrations employed were 1.5 and 6.0 mol% Li2O, respectively. The surface characteristics, viz. the specific surface area (SBET), the total pore volume (VP) and the mean pore radius (r) of the various pure and doped solids were measured from nitrogen adsorption isotherms conducted at -196°C. The SBET data measured for different adsorbents calcined at various temperatures enabled the apparent activation energy for sintering (ΔE3) to be determined for all the adsorbents investigated. The results obtained reveal that the SBET value of the pure and doped solids decreased on increasing the calcination temperature in the range 400–1000°C. The decrease was, however, more pronounced when the calcination temperature increased from 500°C to 700°C due to the formation of Al2(MoO4)3. Lithium oxide doping decreased the SBET value of the solid samples investigated and also decreased the activation energy for sintering to an extent proportional to the amount of dopant present. The sintering process for the pure and doped solids proceeds, mainly, via a particle adhesion mechanism.

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