scholarly journals Reactions of corn cell cultures during hard osmotic stresses action

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
L. E. Sergeeva ◽  
M. O. Dykun ◽  
L. I. Bronnikova
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Osmotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Cultural Medium ◽  
High Level

Aim. There are corn cell cultures, obtained from plants of maize inbred line L-390 (control) and from T2 progeny (L-390-T) of plants transformed via in planta Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with LBA4404 strain harboring pBi2E with double-stranded RNA-suppressor of the proline dehydrogenase gene. The reactions of cell variants, cultivated under hard osmotic stress pressure were investigated. Methods. 25.0 g/l of sea water salts or 0.8 M of mannitol were added to F1 cultural medium. Corn cell variants were tested under osmotic stress pressure. The free proline and protein levels were estimated on 14-th and 34-th days of the experiment. Results. L-390-T cell cultures maintained viability and wild type cultures died at the end of experiment. The levels of free proline rose in calli tissues, cultivated on nutrition medium with the addition of mannitol or salinity. At the same time the proline levels of L-390-T cells were products of biosynthesis. While the proline content in control cultures elevated after the degradation of proline rich proteins (PRPs). Conclusions. The L-390-T high level of osmotic stress tolerance is a possible result of transgene activity. Keywords: Zea mays, cell cultures, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation salinity, water stress, proline.

scholarly journals Corn plant comparative reactions to artificial dehydration

1970 ◽  
pp. 252-255
Author(s):  
L. Ye. Serhieieva ◽  
S. I. Mykhalska ◽  
V. M. Kurchii ◽  
O. M. Tyshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Dehydrogenase Gene ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level

Aim. There are maize plants of inbred line L-370 (control) and from T4 progeny of plants transformed via in planta Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with LBA4404 strain harboring pBi2E with double-stranded RNA-suppressor of the proline dehydrogenase gene. The free proline and sucrose levels, sucrose/fructose ratio during period of desicca-tion/rehydration were investigated. Methods. Maize T4 progeny and initial plants of L-370 line were cultivated in con-tainers. Variants were tested under short term (4 days) dehydration and after 3.5 hours of rehydration. The free proline and carbohydrates levels were estimated at those times of the experiment. Results. The short-term water deficit did not create pathological changes in plants. But the free proline levels rose in leaves of all variants. At the same time the ami-no acid levels under stress condition in T4 plans were higher than in L-370-plants. After 3.5 hours of rehydration the proline content in control plants decreased and stayed without changes in T4 plans. In T4 plants the carbohydrate meta-bolism systems energy maintained the stability of the sucrose/fructose ratio during the whole time of experiment. Conclusions. The T4 plants high level of water stress tolerance is a possible result of transgene activity.Keywords: Zea mays, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, T4-progeny, short-term water stress, dehydration, proline sucrose.

scholarly journals PROLINE IN WINTER WHEAT SHOOTS, OBTAINED AFTER GENETIC TRANSFORMATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Л. Є. Сергєєва ◽  
Л. І. Броннікова
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
In Planta ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Initial Forms

Gene engineering is one of the most appropriate methods for obtaining plants with higher tolerance to osmotic stresses. Osmotic stress stimulates the synthesis of compatible solutions that protect plants. The free proline was suggested as one of the possible means for overcoming osmotic stress. Its degradation after stress can provide nitrogen, carbon energy. The enzyme connected with proline degradation is proline dehydrogenase, (ProDH). ProDH serves important functions of stress reactions and the development of plants. Agrobacterium-mediated winter wheat transformation in planta using the strain LBA4404 was performed. The primary forms, genotypes UK 95/17 and UK 322/17, were selected in the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The seeds were gathered and considered to be T0 generation, but till the experiment insertions of the transgene were not verified by PCR. The seeds were germinated on filter paper soaked with a 0.5M solution of mannitol. Germination frequencies were scored after a week of incubation. Mannitol affected seed germination in all tested types. At the same time genotype differences were observed. Under stress condition, the germination level of 95/17 initial form exceeded this parameter of T0 variants. At the same time, the 322/17 genotype demonstrated the opposite tendency. To study the salt resistance of the seeds, they were germinated in 0.5 diluted Murashige-Skuga solution with the addition of 20.0 g / l of seawater salts for 10 days. Free proline levels were estimated in the leaves of 10-day shoots. The winter wheat genotypes demonstrated peculiar characteristics. Salinity provoked the growth of free proline levels. For initial forms of UK95/17 and UK322/17, the proline levels were 1.77 and 4.53 times higher than normal parameters. At the same time under salinity the proline levels in T0 shoots of genotype 95/17 were 0.28–1.43 times and in T0 shoots of genotype 322/17 were 2.67–3.70 times of control marks. However, the proline numerical data of T0 forms of both genotypes were lower than the stress figures of their initial forms. Under osmotic stresses, the increase of proline is usually due to the growth of its synthesis. The events of transgene insertions were not verified by PCR. So we have no open data about transgene activity. But the peculiar features that we observed can be indicators of the indirect influence of transgene. The plant proline level even under normal conditions is not a constant feature but it changes during the vegetation. Proline is not only a compatible osmolyte but regulates the gene expression. In our opinion, the effectiveness of such a construction for obtaining plant forms with higher stress tolerance can be estimated during changes in stress/restoration conditions.

A novel 14-3-3 gene is osmoregulated in gill epithelium of the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (17) ◽  
pp. 2975-2985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Kültz ◽  
Devulapalli Chakravarty ◽  
Tadepalli Adilakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Gill Epithelium ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Euryhaline Teleost ◽  
Binding Groove ◽  
High Level

SUMMARY We have cloned and analyzed the full-length coding sequence and 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of a unique 14-3-3 gene of the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus, which we named 14-3-3.a. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that the 14-3-3.a gene product is most similar to vertebrate 14-3-3ζ and β, yet it displays considerable divergence to known classes of vertebrate 14-3-3 isoforms. The N and C termini of 14-3-3.a are the most unique regions, whereas the amino acid residues forming the amphipathic ligand-binding groove are highly conserved. F. heteroclitus 14-3-3.a mRNA expression is high in gill epithelium, moderate in intestine and brain, and low in gonads, white muscle and heart. Because 14-3-3 proteins are important molecular scaffolds and cofactors for phosphoproteins and signaling complexes, the high level of 14-3-3.a expression in gill epithelium of the euryhaline teleost F. heteroclitus suggests that it is crucial for signal transduction in gill epithelial cells. We provide evidence that 14-3-3.a is involved in osmosensory signal transduction by showing that its mRNA and protein levels in gill epithelium, but not in any other tissue analyzed, increase two- to fourfold within 24h of salinity transfer of fish from sea water to fresh water. These data are clear evidence for an important role of 14-3-3.a in the remodeling of gill epithelium during transition of euryhaline fish between plasma-hyperosmotic and plasma-hyposmotic environments.

scholarly journals CAND2/PMTR1 Is Required for Melatonin-Conferred Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4014
Author(s):  
Lin-Feng Wang ◽  
Ting-Ting Li ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jia-Xing Guo ◽  
Kai-Kai Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Melatonin Receptor ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Osmotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Stress Response ◽  
In The Wild

Osmotic stress severely inhibits plant growth and development, causing huge loss of crop quality and quantity worldwide. Melatonin is an important signaling molecule that generally confers plant increased tolerance to various environmental stresses, however, whether and how melatonin participates in plant osmotic stress response remain elusive. Here, we report that melatonin enhances plant osmotic stress tolerance through increasing ROS-scavenging ability, and melatonin receptor CAND2 plays a key role in melatonin-mediated plant response to osmotic stress. Upon osmotic stress treatment, the expression of melatonin biosynthetic genes including SNAT1, COMT1, and ASMT1 and the accumulation of melatonin are increased in the wild-type plants. The snat1 mutant is defective in osmotic stress-induced melatonin accumulation and thus sensitive to osmotic stress, while exogenous melatonin enhances the tolerance of the wild-type plant and rescues the sensitivity of the snat1 mutant to osmotic stress by upregulating the expression and activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase to repress H2O2 accumulation. Further study showed that the melatonin receptor mutant cand2 exhibits reduced osmotic stress tolerance with increased ROS accumulation, but exogenous melatonin cannot revert its osmotic stress phenotype. Together, our study reveals that CADN2 functions necessarily in melatonin-conferred osmotic stress tolerance by activating ROS-scavenging ability in Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals Rootstocks Overexpressing StNPR1 and StDREB1 Improve Osmotic Stress Tolerance of Wild-Type Scion in Transgrafted Tobacco Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8398
Author(s):  
Yasmine S. Hezema ◽  
Mukund R. Shukla ◽  
Alok Goel ◽  
Murali M. Ayyanath ◽  
Sherif M. Sherif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Osmotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

In grafted plants, the movement of long-distance signals from rootstocks can modulate the development and function of the scion. To understand the mechanisms by which tolerant rootstocks improve scion responses to osmotic stress (OS) conditions, mRNA transport of osmotic responsive genes (ORGs) was evaluated in a tomato/potato heterograft system. In this system, Solanum tuberosum was used as a rootstock and Solanum lycopersicum as a scion. We detected changes in the gene expression levels of 13 out of the 21 ORGs tested in the osmotically stressed plants; of these, only NPR1 transcripts were transported across the graft union under both normal and OS conditions. Importantly, OS increased the abundance of StNPR1 transcripts in the tomato scion. To examine mRNA mobility in transgrafted plants, StNPR1 and StDREB1 genes representing the mobile and non-mobile transcripts, respectively, were overexpressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The evaluation of transgenic tobacco plants indicated that overexpression of these genes enhanced the growth and improved the physiological status of transgenic plants growing under OS conditions induced by NaCl, mannitol and polyethylene glycol (PEG). We also found that transgenic tobacco rootstocks increased the OS tolerance of the WT-scion. Indeed, WT scions on transgenic rootstocks had higher ORGs transcript levels than their counterparts on non-transgenic rootstocks. However, neither StNPR1 nor StDREB1 transcripts were transported from the transgenic rootstock to the wild-type (WT) tobacco scion, suggesting that other long-distance signals downstream these transgenes could have moved across the graft union leading to OS tolerance. Overall, our results signify the importance of StNPR1 and StDREB1 as two anticipated candidates for the development of stress-resilient crops through transgrafting technology.

Precursor processing by SBT3.8 and phytosulfokine signaling contribute to drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Stührwohldt ◽  
Eric Bühler ◽  
Margret Sauter ◽  
Andreas Schaller
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
Osmotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Peptide Precursor

Abstract Increasing drought stress poses a severe threat to agricultural productivity. Plants, however, evolved numerous mechanisms to cope with such environmental stress. Here we report that the stress-induced production of a peptide signal contributes to stress tolerance. The expression of phytosulfokine (PSK) peptide precursor genes, and transcripts of three subtilisin-like serine proteases, SBT1.4, SBT3.7 and SBT3.8 were found to be up-regulated in response to osmotic stress. Stress symptoms were enhanced in sbt3.8 loss-of-function mutants and could be alleviated by PSK treatment. Osmotic stress tolerance was improved in plants overexpressing the precursor of PSK1 (proPSK1) or SBT3.8 resulting in higher fresh weight and improved lateral root development in the transgenic compared to wild-type plants. We further showed that SBT3.8 is involved in the biogenesis of the bioactive PSK peptide. ProPSK1 was cleaved by SBT3.8 at the C-terminus of the PSK pentapeptide. Processing by SBT3.8 depended on the aspartic acid residue directly following the cleavage site. ProPSK1 processing was impaired in the sbt3.8 mutant. The data suggest that increased expression in response to osmotic stress followed by the post-translational processing of proPSK1 by SBT3.8 leads to the production of PSK as a peptide signal for stress mitigation.

scholarly journals Flavonol 7-O-Glucoside Herbacitrin Inhibits HIV-1 Replication through Simultaneous Integrase and Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Áy ◽  
Attila Hunyadi ◽  
Mária Mezei ◽  
János Minárovits ◽  
Judit Hohmann
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Integrase Inhibitor ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Antiretroviral Activity

Here we report the evaluation of the antiretroviral effect of two flavonoid 7-O-glucosides, herbacitrin (1) and gossypitrin (2), together with quercetin (3), a well-studied flavonol. Antiviral activity of the flavonoids was assessed by analyzing HIV-1 p24 core protein levels in the supernatants of HIV-1 infected MT-4 and MT-2 cell cultures. The compounds showed mild to weak cytotoxic activities on the host cells; herbacitrin was the strongest in this regard (CC50=27.8 and 63.64 μM on MT-4 and MT-2 cells, respectively). In nontoxic concentrations, herbacitrin and quercetin reduced HIV-1 replication, whereas gossypitrin was ineffective. Herbacitrin was found to inhibit reverse transcriptase at 21.5 μM, while it was a more potent integrase inhibitor already active at 2.15 μM. Therefore, our observations suggest that herbacitrin exerts antiretroviral activity through simultaneously acting on these two targets of HIV-1 and that integrase inhibition might play a major role in this activity.

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