scholarly journals Isolation and identification of a strain producing riboflavin

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
M. M. Radchenko ◽  
N. E. Beyko ◽  
G. S. Andriiash ◽  
О. О. Тigunova ◽  
С. М. Shulga
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Microbial Synthesis ◽  
Fluorometric Method ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Systematic Bacteriology ◽  
Sucrose Medium ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
To Receive

Aim. Aim of investigation was to receive riboflavin strain-producers using natural sources for development of riboflavin technology. Methods. Strain-producers were isolated by the method of imprints (replica). The identification of stains was done by commonly used techniques using the «Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology». The resulting clones were tested for accumulation of riboflavin by fluorometric method. Results. 9 natural sources (seeds of corn and potato tubers) were investigated, pure cultures of microorganisms werr isolated and their identification was carried out. Two types of bacterial colonies of the genus Bacillus were identified. Selected strains weretested for antibiotic susceptibility and for the ability to accumulate riboflavin. Conclusions. As a result of the research, strain-producing riboflavin is isolated, the strain is classified as B. subtilis. The strain accumulated 4.3 g / l of riboflavin in a sucrose medium during a 72 hours cultivation. This strain was accepted as a source for the development of riboflavin technology. Keywords: riboflavin, stain, microbial synthesis, Bacillus subtilis.

Isolation and identification of rumen bacteria capable of anaerobic rutin degradation

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1365-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. -J. Cheng ◽  
G. A. Jones ◽  
F. J. Simpson ◽  
M. P. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Rutin Degradation

Fifteen strains of bacteria capable of degrading rutin anaerobically were isolated from bovine rumen contents and identified by morphological and biochemical evidence as strains of Butyrivibrio sp. Three cultures from a laboratory collection of 53 strains of rumen bacteria also used rutin anaerobically. Two, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens D1 and Selenomonas ruminantium GA192, cleaved the glycosidic bond of rutin and fermented the sugar but did not degrade the insoluble aglycone produced; the third strain, Peptostreptococcus sp. B178, degraded the substrate to soluble products. Butyrivibrio sp. C3 degraded rutin, quercitrin, and naringin to water-soluble products, showing that the organism cleaved the heterocyclic ring of these compounds. Butyrivibrio sp. C3 fermented the sugar moiety of hesperidin but did not cleave the heterocyclic ring. It did not attack quercetin, taxifolin, protocatechuic acid, or phloroglucinol. In a medium containing rumen fluid, Butyrivibrio sp. C3 degraded rutin more than twice as fast as it did in a medium containing enzymatic casein hydrolyzate, volatile fatty acids, yeast extract, and hemin in place of rumen fluid.The observations reported in this paper are believed to represent the first recorded demonstration of degradation of the heterocyclic ring structure of rutin and other bioflavonoids in pure cultures of anaerobic bacteria.

scholarly journals Screening of bacterial mutants for improved production of amylase

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Naranchimeg B ◽  
Altantsetseg Kh ◽  
Urantulkhuur B
Keyword(s):  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Bacterial Mutants ◽  
Substrate Induction ◽  
Active Substances

Amylase is one of the most widely used enzymes in many industrial sectors (starch decomposition, bakery, fermentation, biofuel, detergent, paper, textile, etc.), thus isolating pure cultures of amylase producing microorganisms from natural sources and improving their activity is important in biotechnology. Enzyme preparations with high activity can be obtained only by improved synthesis of biologically active substances of microorganisms by mutagenesis. In the present investigation was enhanced the amylase productivity of some Bacillus sp. (assigned as 1,2,3) isolated from soil sample by substrate induction and mutagenesis. 3 isolates are subcultured in the medium with starch (10 mg/ml) as only carbon source, to improve amylase production. Enzyme activity of parental strains increased 50-58% by substrate induction. The highest productive strain (Bacillus sp. 2) screened and selected. Then it was subjected to 4 period mutagenesis using UV irradiation and еthidium bromide. Amylase activity of Bacillus sp. 2 increased after first period of mutagenesis to:0.305,  second:0.514, third:0.579 and fourth:0.592 U/ml. In the result our experiment, amylase activity of parental strain increased from 0.138 to 0.592 U/ml, which means 4.3 times more enzyme. Амилаза нийлэгжүүлэгч бактерийн мутант омог гарган авсан дүн Хураангуй: Амилаза нь үйлдвэрлэлийн олон салбарт (цардуул задлах, талх нарийн боов, исгэлт, биотүлш, угаалгын нунтаг, цаас, нэхмэл гэх мэт) өргөнөөр хэрэглэгддэг фермент тул түүнийг нийлэгжүүлэгч бичил биетний өсгөврийг байгалийн эх үүсвэрээс ялган авч, идэвхийг нь сайжруулах явдал биотехнологийн салбарт чухал ач холбогдолтой юм. Мутагенезийн аргаар бичил биетний биологийн идэвхтэй бодисын нийлэгжилтийг сайжруулснаар ферментийн бэлдмэл гарган авах боломжтой болно. Судалгаагаар Монгол орны биосферээс ялган авсан цардуул задлах идэвхтэй бактерийн цэвэр өсгөврийн амилаза ферментийн идэвхийг субстратаар өдөөх болон мутагенезийн аргаар сайжруулахыг зорив. Хөрснөөс ялган авсан цардуул задлах идэвхтэй цэвэр өсгөврүүдийг (Bacillus sp. 1, 2, 3) нүүрс-усны эх үүсвэрээр зөвхөн цардуул агуулсан (10 г/л) тэжээлт орчинд өсгөвөрлөх замаар амилаза ферментийн идэвхийг нэмэгдүүлэх туршилт хийж үр дүнг үндэслэн хамгийн идэвхтэй нэг өсгөврийг сонгон шалгаруулж, хэт ягаан туяа, этидиум бромид, хэт ягаан туяа, этидиум бромид гэсэн дарааллаар зориудын мутагенезид 4 үе шаттайгаар оруулав. Субстратаар өдөөхөд бактерийн амилаза ферментийн идэвх анхдагч өсгөврийнхөөс 50-58 хувиар нэмэгдсэн. Bacillus sp. 2 өсгөврийг сонгон шалгаруулж, мутагенезид оруулахад амилаза ферментийн идэвх нь I шатны мутагенезээр:0,305, II-оор:0,514, III-аар:0,579, IV-өөр:0,592 н/мл болж нэмэгдэв. Бидний судалгааны үр дүнд байгалийн анхдагч өсгөврийн (Bacillus sp. 2) амилаза ферментийн идэвх 0,138-аас 0,592 н/мл хүртэл буюу 4,3 дахин нэмэгдсэн байна. Түлхүүр үг: амилаза, Bacillus sp., субстратын өдөөлт, UV-мутагенез, EtBr- мутангенез

Enumeration and Identification of Coliform Bacteria Injured by Chlorine or Fungicide Mixed with Agricultural Water

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1789-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIDEMI IZUMI ◽  
YUJI NAKATA ◽  
AYANO INOUE
Keyword(s):  
Cell Injury ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Electrolyzed Water ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Water Pond

ABSTRACT Chemical sanitizers may induce no injury (bacteria survive), sublethal injury (bacteria are injured), or lethal injury (bacteria die). The proportion of coliform bacteria that were injured sublethally by chlorine and fungicide mixed with agricultural water (pond water), which was used to dilute the pesticide solution, was evaluated using the thin agar layer (TAL) method. In pure cultures of Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, and E. coli O157:H7 (representing a human pathogen), the percentage of chlorine-injured cells was 69 to 77% for dilute electrolyzed water containing an available chlorine level of 2 ppm. When agricultural water was mixed with electrolyzed water, the percentage of injured coliforms in agricultural water was 75%. The isolation and identification of bacteria on TAL and selective media suggested that the chlorine stress caused injury to Enterobacter kobei. Of the four fungicide products tested, diluted to their recommended concentrations, Topsin-M, Sumilex, and Oxirane caused injury to coliform bacteria in pure cultures and in agricultural water following their mixture with each pesticide, whereas Streptomycin did not induce any injury to the bacteria. The percentage of injury was 45 to 97% for Topsin-M, 80 to 87% for Sumilex, and 50 to 97% for Oxirane. A comparison of the coliforms isolated from the pesticide solutions and then grown on either TAL or selective media indicated the possibility of fungicide-injured Rahnella aquatilis, Yersinia mollaretii, and E. coli. These results suggest the importance of selecting a suitable sanitizer and the necessity of adjusting the sanitizer concentration to a level that will kill the coliforms rather than cause sanitizer-induced cell injury that can result in the recovery of the coliforms.

Abilities of Tectona grandis and Celtis zenkeri (Hardwood) Sawdust as Substrates of Pleurotus Species and Their Indigenous Fungi

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
I. S. Olatunji ◽  
A. A. Sobowale ◽  
C. O. Adenipekun
Keyword(s):  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽  
Pleurotus Species ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
To Receive

Mushroom cultivation has continued to receive growing attention because of its nutritional and medicinal values. However, this study examined the effect of hardwood sawdust on the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius were investigated. Relationship between fungal incidence of the substrates (sawdust) and that of the mushroom were examined. Both Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius were inoculated on fermented and unfermented sawdust of Tectonal grandis and Celtis zenkeri. The fruiting bodies of the mushrooms were harvested and the growth parameters and biological efficiency was recorded. The isolated resident fungi were identified after obtaining pure cultures. The collected data were subjected to analysis (ANOVA) using Generalized Linear Model Procedure (GLM) of Statistical Analysis software (SAS). Means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at p ≤ 0.05. Some of the growth parameters of P. ostreatus were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) better than that of P. pulmonarius. Tectona grandis and Celtis zenkeri sawdust had significant (p ≤ 0.05) impact on different growth parameters of the two mushrooms. Fermentation or non-fermentation of the substrates (sawdust) had no significant (p ≤ 0.05) impact on growth parameters of the mushrooms. Growth parameters of the two mushrooms were significantly better in 0% additive (p ≤ 0.05) than in the other additive concentrations. Five fungi were identified as indigenous fungi of the unfermented sawdust which did not significantly differ from those of the fermented sawdust and mushrooms. Nutritional composition of the mushrooms that grew on fermented and unfermented sawdust were good and comparable. The mushrooms were rich in protein, fibre, ash, moisture, fat and carbohydrate. Cultivation of mushrooms on hardwood sawdust is thus an effective means of managing such waste.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Fungi Associated with the Spoilage of Sweet Orange and Banana in Sokoto Metropolis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ameh
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Musa Sapientum ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Pure Cultures

Mycological studies on Fungi in apparently diseased Sweet Orange ( Citrus sinensis) and Banana ( Musa sapientum) sampled from various points in Kara market in Sokoto Metropolis was carried out between August and September. The samples were surfaced sterilised with ethanol and the homogenates were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and incubated aerobically at room temperature for 7 days at 30C. The pure cultures obtained were identified morphologically and microscopically. The investigation revealed that the samples were infected with several fungi species. The most predominant Fungi isolated from Sweet Orange were Cladosporium spp (40%), Fusarium spp (30%), Alternaria spp ( 20%), and Chrysonilia spp (10%) while the most predominant Fungi isolated from Banana were Fusarium spp (50%), Mucor spp ( 30%) and Rhizopus spp (20%). The pathogenecity test results show that Cladosporium spp and Fusarium spp were the most active in sweet orange with rot length of 74 mm and 70 mm respectively and the least active fungi were Alternaria spp and Chrysonilia spp with rot lengths of 52 mm and 48 mm respectively. Furthermore, Fusarium spp and Mucor spp were the most active in banana with rot lengths of 84 mm and 75 mm respectively and the least active fungus was Rhizopus spp with rot lengths of 54 mm.

Poisons affecting the liver

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 562-568
Author(s):  
Nicola Bates
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Organ System ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Toxic Liver Damage ◽  
To Receive

The liver is a multifunction organ involved in metabolism and synthesis of essential compounds. As the first organ after the gut to receive ingested substances and because of its role in metabolism, it is at particular risk of damage from ingested poisons and their toxic metabolites. Poisons affecting the liver are discussed in this article, part of a series on poisons by organ system. Among the most readily accessible liver toxicants are xylitol and paracetamol, which are commonly available in the home. The mechanism of xylitol-induced liver toxicity is unknown, but paracetamol is metabolised to toxic metabolites when normal mechanisms are overwhelmed and/or inadequate. Various natural sources of hepatotoxins are also discussed including some mushroom species (e.g. some Amanita species and Gyromitra esculenta), some cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and plants such as cycads which can be grown as houseplants. The mechanism of liver damage with these natural sources includes direct hepatotoxins and toxic metabolites. The management of toxic liver damage is generally supportive with gut decontamination where appropriate and liver protectants, such as acetylcysteine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe).

Isolation and identification of hydroxyl–platelet-activating factor from natural sources

Life Sciences ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 79 (19) ◽  
pp. 1796-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros B. Tsoupras ◽  
Smaragdi Antonopoulou ◽  
George Baltas ◽  
Martina Samiotaki ◽  
George Panayotou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Natural Sources

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CHROMOBACTERIUM SP. FROM DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthusamy Palaniswamy ◽  
Vishnu Ts
Keyword(s):  
Chromobacterium Violaceum ◽  
Pigment Production ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Violet Color ◽  
Color Pigment ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Soil And Water

ABSTRACTObjectives: The study was aimed at isolating and identifying violacein-producing bacteria from the different ecosystems.Methods: The violet color pigment (violacein) producing bacteria was isolated and identified morphologically and genomically.Results: A total of ten bacterial Chromobacterium sp. were isolated from different sources such as soil and water. The violacein productivity wasscreened by the total isolates and the selected two strains were identified as Chromobacterium violaceum CV4 and Chromobacterium vaccinii CV5 bymorphologically and genomically.Conclusion: In the present study, the two isolate was morphologically and genomically identified as Chromobacterium violaceum CV4 andChromobacterium vaccinii CV5, last one was found to be the novel strain from natural sources which possess a high violacein producing capability.Keywords: Chromobacterium sp., Violacein, Pigment production.

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