scholarly journals Stability analysis of a delay differential Kaldor's model with government policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-141
Author(s):  
Tomás Caraballo ◽  
Alex Pereira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
National Income ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Economic Growth Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Delay Differential ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
Long Term Behavior

This paper is devoted to analysis of the stability of the economy according to an extended version of Kaldor's economic growth model. We consider the role of the government and its simultaneous monetary and fiscal policies and we study whether or not a time delay between the recognition and the implementation of its fiscal policy can affect the economic stability. Numerical simulations provide further conclusions about the long-term behavior of the four variables modeled—namely, national income, capacity of production, bonds value and money supply.

Failure of a Test Embankment On a Sensitive Champlain Clay Deposit

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. La Rochelle ◽  
B. Trak ◽  
F. Tavenas ◽  
M. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Undrained Strength ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Long Term Behavior ◽  
Test Embankment

The present paper reports on the failure of a test embankment built on a soft, sensitive, and cemented clay in Saint-Alban, Quebec. The embankment was built as a first stage of a research program aimed at studying the short and long term behavior of embankments on soft clay foundations.A complete description of the embankment, of the instrumentation, and of the failure is given, followed by the analysis of the failure performed on the basis of different assumptions of fill behavior and of vane strength values mobilized in the clay crust. The analyses show that the assumptions of full mobilization of friction in the fill seems to be the most representative of the fill behavior in the present case and that a suitable factor of safety is obtained only when a reduction of vane strength is assumed to act in the crust.A new approach based on the residual undrained strength is suggested and seems to offer some potential as a valuable means of analyzing the stability of embankments on clay foundations.

Long-Term Release from High Level Waste Glass - Part IV: The Effect of Leaching Mechanism

1984 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard Freude ◽  
Bernd Grambow ◽  
Werner Lutze ◽  
Harald Rabe ◽  
Rodney C. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Linear Time ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level ◽  
Long Term Behavior

During the past ten years extensive data have been determined for the corrosion of nuclear waste forms in short-term laboratory experiments (usually less than one year). The long-term behavior of glass has been inferred by: (1) the acceleration of corrosion rates at high temperatures [1]; (2) the use of high surface areas of the glass to small volumes of solution [1]; and the analysis of natural glasses altered over long periods of geologic time [2, 3]. The most recent efforts have concentrated on understanding the mechanisms of corrosion [1, 4, 5]. The corrosion mechanism may be used to make long-term extrapolations of the “stability” of the waste form. In this paper, we consider a linear time dependence for the corrosion under near saturation conditions and use a rate equation in the QTERM code [6, 7, 8] to model the long-term behavior of the German glass, C-31−3EC [9], JSS A [10, 11] and SRL TDS 131 [1]. The data base for C-31−3EC has been published elsewhere [9, 12, 13, 14], and we include experimental work completed by Rabe for boron and silica, at 200°C.

scholarly journals Populasi, One Child Policy dan Reformasi Cina

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-101
Author(s):  
YUSNARIDA EKA NIZMI NIZMI
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

Abstract One child policy has been implemented  in 1979 and the effects both  negative and positive clearly to women. One child policy is a simple China’s economic growth grand strategy that was design to reduce population growth, infrastructure problems,  labour and resources. This policy obviously effective in controlling almost all family just to have one child. The problem is that one child policy should be noted only just for short term, implemented for giving state to get its economic goals and to socialize the values of small family and not for long term solution.  Various critics defense this policy because of its unrespect and harmful for women and also breaking the human rights. This research analyze one child policy and its implications to decline labour ratio which threat economic stability because of aging population. China government  needs to be focus on the meaning of growth in wholistic and more understand that economic growth is also include better echievements in social politics and economic policy dimension. These dimensions will not be reached if the government keep going its attention only on liberalization and modal accumulation.   Keywords: Population Policy, One Child Policy, Family Planning, Economic Growth.   Sejak One Child Policy diimplementasikan pada tahun 1979, terlihat dengan jelas pengaruh positif dan negatifnya terhadap kaum perempuan. Kebijakan satu anak adalah salah satu bagian sederhana dari grand strategi pertumbuhan ekonomi Cina, yang dirancang untuk membatasi pertumbuhan populasi  dan mengurangi tekanan infrastruktur, ketenagakerjaan dan sumberdaya.  Kebijakan ini efektif dalam membatasi  hampir semua keluarga hanya memiliki satu anak. Masalahnya adalah bahwa kebijakan ini harus dipandang sebagai sebuah program jangka pendek, diimplementasikan untuk memberi negara kesempatan mencapai tujuan-tujuan ekonominya dan membantu mensosialisasikan nilai dari keluarga kecil, dan bukan sebagai solusi jangka panjang untuk tekanan ekonomi. Kritik terhadap kebijakan ini sudah banyak bermunculan, kebijakan ini membahayakan kaum perempuan dan implikasinya melanggar hak asasi manusi. Tulisan ini menganalisa posisi kebijakan satu anak dan implementasinya yang banyak mendapatkan pertentanga dan penurunan rasio tenaga kerja yang pensiun yang dapat mengancam stabilititas ekonomi Cina karena persoalan “aging population”. Pemerintah Cina perlu untuk memfokuskan makna pertumbuhan secara holistik dan lebih memahami bahwa pertumbuhan juga mencakup pencapaian yang lebih baik dalam dimensi sosial, politik, dan kebijakan ekonomi.  Dimensi-dimensi ini tidak akan dapat dicapai jika pemerintah terus melanjutkan perhatiannya hanya pada liberalisasi dan akumulasi modal.   Kata Kunci: Kebijakan Populasi, Kebijakan satu anak, Perencanaan Keluarga, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi  

scholarly journals International experience in reducing losses of labor resources in the context of minimizing industrial conflicts.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Nikolaevich Ermakov ◽  
Galina Vladimirovna Surkova
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Reliable System ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Industrial Injuries

The constitutions of many States set out the obligation of the government to guarantee a well-functioning and reliable system of protection against industrial injuries. Whether the government provides workers ' compensation insurance directly, or when it is delegated to a third party (special authorities or insurance companies), the government is still responsible for the operation of the system. The latter is of particular importance, since the settlement of claims for workers ' compensation insurance is of a long-term nature. An effective system of protection against industrial injuries and occupational diseases should be considered not only as a type of insurance but as an absolute need of the productive sector and as one of the foundations of social peace and economic stability.

scholarly journals Panamá

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
Eloy Fisher
Keyword(s):  
International Commerce ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
Fiscal Prudence

Este documento de posición analiza el crecimiento y la inflación en Panamá. Panamá experimenta un círculo virtuoso económico entre una tasa balanceada y sostenible de crecimiento a largo plazo y ni-veles moderados de inflación, fenómeno que los economistas denominan la coincidencia divina. A futuro, con el repliegue gradual del rol del Estado en aras de fortalecer la actividad del sector privado, se dan las condiciones macroeconómicas para mantener y recrear tal coincidencia como la nueva si-tuación normal de la economía panameña. La diversificación de la economía, la prudencia macro-fiscal, perspectivas favorables de crecimiento en sectores claves (como lo son las utilidades públicas, minas y canteras, y transporte, almacenamiento y comunicaciones —sectores a su vez dependientes del comercio internacional y la exportación de servicios) y la reversión a la media de la inflación, incluso a pesar de la incertidumbre económica internacional y geopolítica, constituyen pilares sólidos sobre los cuales descansa la actividad económica y el modelo de desarrollo del país. Se concluye con advertencias sobre el posible agotamiento del modelo de gasto discrecional en materia social, ya que los réditos de estas intervenciones han perdido potencia y en la medida que no se re-enfoquen, podrían trastocar el delicado equilibrio necesario para mantener y enraizar la coincidencia divina a nivel eco-nómico. Por eso, se concluye que la mejor política hoy en día debe ser prudente y cautelosa, y enfocada a generar capital social. This position paper analyzes the growth and inflation in Panama. Panama experiences a virtuous circle for economy: a balanced and sustained rate of long-term growth, and moderate levels of inflation. This phenomenon is what economists call the divine coincidence. As the role of the Government withdraws gradually, in order to strengthen the activity of the private sector, the macroeconomic conditions to sustain and recreate such coincidence as the new normal situation of the Panamanian economy will emerge. The diversification of the economy, the macro-fiscal prudence, the favorable perspectives of growth in key sectors (such as public utilities, mines and quarries, and transport, storage and communications; which are sectors that depend upon international commerce and service exports), and the mean reversion of inflation —even despite the economic and geopolitical uncertainties— are the cornerstones upon which the economic activity and the development model of the nation lay. Warnings about the possible wears of the model of discretionary expenditure in social fields, since the revenues of these interventions have lost power. If there is no shift in the focus of these interventions, they could disrupt the delicate balance needed to maintain and strengthen the divine coincidence at the economic level. Thus, the best policy today must be prudent, cautious and focused to develop social capital.

scholarly journals THE “HIDDEN“ ROLE OF THE STATE IN DIFFERENT APPROACHES ON COMPETITIVENESS (THEORETICAL COMPARISON)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Hristina Dobreva
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Theoretical Comparison ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

From the perspective of political science the paper is a comparative overview of some of the main approaches on competitiveness. The focus is on their strengths and weaknesses in the explanation of the role of the government. Yet the paper compares some of the more recent authors as Porter, Reich, Thurow, Ohmae and Strange. The implication is that government intervention is still needed to provide both sustainable competitiveness (Strange) (modesty as opposed to resource depletion) and social adjustment (jobs) to innovation in the long-term dynamic picture (Porter) because government is still at the basis of the welfare pyramid (Thurow). I start with the authors’ assumptions and proceed with their view on the role of the government to conclude that this role is underestimated in the social and overestimated in the business sphere.

Mechanism of bolt pretightening and preload relaxation in composite interference-fit joints under thermal effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (30) ◽  
pp. 4929-4946
Author(s):  
Junshan Hu ◽  
Kaifu Zhang ◽  
Hui Cheng ◽  
Zhenchao Qi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Elastic Model ◽  
Interference Fit ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Long Term Behavior

The present research investigates the mechanism of bolt pretightening and preload relaxation in composite interference-fit joint structures under thermal effects. In view of the dissimilar material properties and the interfacial friction in such joints, the mechanical behavior of bolt and composites during assembly can be regarded as immediate preload response which is described by a linear elastic model, whereas the long-term behavior of composites during preload relaxation in service is considered as delayed response which is characterized by a viscoelastic model. The clamping forces on both sides of joints were captured to evaluate the preload balanced by the frictional behavior. The preload relaxation of joints with various interference-fit sizes and tightening torques under thermal effects were monitored for 240 hours to calibrate and validate the proposed model. The research revealed that the interference-fit size determined the level of frictional force which resulted in a difference between clamping forces at two sides of the fasteners. The preload first increases slowly with the growth of temperature, then decreases sharply when it approaches to glass transition temperature of matrix. The interference-fit joint behaves better in terms of maintaining the stability of preload than clearance-fit joints.

scholarly journals Digitalization of the Japanese Economy by the Example of the Banking Sector: Current Results, Prospects and Problems

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-449
Author(s):  
K. S. Kostyukova
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Role Of The Government

Purpose: the purpose of this study is to examine the current state of Japan's digital transformation, with a focus on the banking sector, analyzing specifc examples, identifying obstacles that hinder the achievement of expected results.Methods: the article is based on the analysis of scientifc and analytical materials devoted to the problem of research, a set of general scientific methods is applied, including comparison, scientifc generalization, analogy, etc.Results: the article presents the main trends and current results of digitalization of Japanese banks, provides examples of projects, identifies problematic areas of the implemented policy. A hypothesis is put forward about the key role of the government in the development of new standards for the organization of work, taking into account the use of innovative technologies. For Japan, digitalization is chosen as a key tool to mitigate the current socio-economic situation. Digitalization is already being implemented in the healthcare sector, agriculture, etc. Another sector at the center of digitalization is the fnancial one. Financial technologies form new markets and products. Non-banking companies penetrate into the areas occupied by classical banks, competing and even displacing them.These processes are observed both in Japan and in other countries of the world, including Russia. Therefore, studying the Japanese experience of integrating digital technologies into the fnancial sector is important. Although Russia is among the leaders in the digitalization of the financial sector, it is difcult for fntech companies to break into the Russian market due to pressure from large classical banks, as well as the lack of trust in fntech companies from the population.Conclusions and Relevance: in contrast to the manufacturing sector, digitalization of non-manufacturing areas is slower in Japan. This is due to a shortage of qualifed personnel, fnancial risks, etc. Today, the priority for fnancial institutions remains to create the basis for the introduction of digitalization and improve management efciency. From the point of view of ensuring the stability of the fnancial system, it is expected that the Bank of Japan, together with the government, will encourage initiatives in the feld of fnancial development.

scholarly journals Perilaku Investasi di Indonesia: Kajian Jangka Pendek dan Jangka Panjang

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daru Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
National Income ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Elasticity Coefficient ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Us Dollar ◽  
The Government

The purpose of this research was to know how domestic investment in Indonesia behaves both in the short term and in the long term. Data used were secondary data obtained from various sources. Those data would be analyzed by using a dynamic analysis tool consisted of a cointegration approach and an error correction model.Several findings obtained from this research were (1) ECT coefficient (4.16) significantly and  statistically influenced domestic investment in Indonesia. It indicated that the error correction model used in this research was valid. (2) In the short term, national income variables and domestic interest rates did not significantly affect domestic investment while government investment variables and rate of exchange positively and significantly influenced domestic investment. Elasticity coefficient of the government investment and the exchange rate were –1.44 and 2.34 respectively. (3) By concerning time lag factor, the estimation results showed that the national incomes, the domestic interest rates, the government investment , and  exchange rate of rupiah against US dollar in the previous 1 year significantly affected domestic investment. Their elasticity  were 2.18, -1.18, -2.18 and 1.26 respectively. (4) In the long term, the national income variables and the exchange rate of rupiah against US dollar positively and significantly influenced domestic investment  meanwhile the domestic interest rate variables and the government investment did not significantly influence domestic investment. The elasticity coefficient of the national income and  exchange rate were 3.08 and –2.19 respectively.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DETERMINAN PENGELUARAN KONSUMSI MAKRO RUMAH TANGGA DI INDONESIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puspi Eko Wiranthi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
National Income ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Household Incomes

Domination allocation of Gross Domestic Product by its use in household consumption expenditure showed the importance of this type of expenditure to national economic growth and the household welfare. Under these conditions, this study aims to analyze the development of household consumption expenditure in Indonesia during the period 2000 to 2014 and the factors that influence the household consumption expenditure. By using multiple linear regressions, the study finds that the factors of national income, interest rates and fuel prices significantly affect national household consumption expenditure. To further boost economic growth and welfare, the government should imply appropriate policies by increasing household incomes through the expansion of employment opportunities, as well as maintaining the stability of interest rates and minimizing the negative impacts of the rising of oil prices.DOI:10.15408/sjie.v3i2.2063 

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