scholarly journals Kognition og kultur: Boyer versus Wittgenstein

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Albinus
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Ludwig Wittgenstein ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
The One ◽  
Psychological Activity

Cognitive science typically insists on procuring causal explanations for psychological activity on a pre-cultural level. In this article it is claimed that the price for doing so may be too high and that it escapes philosophical justification in the first place. A more specific criticism is directed against what thus seems to be an ignorant notion of culture in Religion Explained by Pascal Boyer. Drawing on Ludwig Wittgenstein and Meredith Williams, who is a lucid reader of his work, the psychological attempt to explain feelings and memories on the grounds of innate cognitive capacities is found to be profoundly misleading. The question is how to understand, on the one hand, human language and, on the other, the possible scope of scientific explanation. Arguing for an irreducible level of social reality, this article focuses on the limitations of cognitive science, while also bringing out the aporia caused by an epistemological trap of self-referentiality.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
G. E. R. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Barriers To Communication ◽  
The One

In a number of disciplines that include philosophy, history, social anthropology, psychology, cognitive science, and even archaeology, one can detect a certain deep-seated tension. On the one hand, there is an appreciation of the cognitive capacities that all humans have in common, on the other, a recognition of the huge diversity in that regard between different individuals and groups. This tension prompts one to ask not just how far we can come to terms with and balance both intuitions, but also, far more generally, the extent to which we humans can understand one another, across cultures and even often within them, the limits, in other words, of mutual intelligibility. What commonalities can we detect in the matter of cognition across human beings whenever and wherever they have lived? Are the diversities such that there are impenetrable barriers to communication and understanding?...

DESIGN DISCOURSE AND THE COGNITIVE SCIENCE OF DESIGN

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-53
Author(s):  
Jeroen de Ridder
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One ◽  
Bare Bones ◽  
Single Focus

Much of Alvin Plantinga’s Where the Conflict Really Lies(2011) will contain few surprises for those who have been following his work over the past decades. This —I hasten to add — is nothing against the book. The fact alone that his ideas on various topics, which have appeared scattered throughout the literature, are now actualized, applied to the debate about the (alleged) conflict between science and religion, and organized into an overarching argument with a single focus makes this book worthwhile. Moreover, I see this book making significant progress on two opposite ends of the spectrum of views about science and religion. On the one end, we find the so-called new atheists and other conflict-mongers. Compared to the overheated rhetoric that oozes from their writings, this book is a breath of fresh air. Plantinga cuts right to the chase and soberly exposes the bare bones of the new atheists’ arguments. It immediately becomes clear how embarrassingly bare these bones really are. On the other end of the spectrum are theologians and scientists who envisage harmony and concord between science and religion.

scholarly journals MEREFLEKSIKAN TUHAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF METAFISIKA, DAN RELEVASINYA BAGI MULTIKULTURALISME INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Agustinus Wisnu Dewantara
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Analogical Approach ◽  
Human Intellect ◽  
The Relationship

Talking about God can not be separated from the activity of human thought. Activity is the heart of metaphysics. Searching religious authenticity tends to lead to a leap in harsh encounter with other religions. This interfaith encounter harsh posed a dilemma. Why? Because on the one hand religion is the peacemaker, but on the other hand it’s has of encouraging conflict and even violence. Understanding God is not quite done only by understanding the religion dogma, but to understand God rationally it is needed. It is true that humans understand the world according to his own ego, but it is not simultaneously affirm that God is only a projection of the human mind. Humans understand things outside of himself because no awareness of it. On this side of metaphysics finds itself. Analogical approach allows humans to approach and express God metaphysically. Human clearly can not express the reality of the divine in human language, but with the human intellect is able to reflect something about the relationship with God. Analogy allows humans to enter the metaphysical discussion about God. People who are at this point should come to the understanding that God is the Same One More From My mind, The Impossible is defined, the Supreme Mystery, and infinitely far above any human thoughts.

Emergence as a Metaphysical Fact

KronoScope ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Hervé Barreau
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Weak Form ◽  
Anthropic Principle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Teleological Explanation ◽  
Cosmic Evolution ◽  
Modern Cosmology ◽  
The One

Abstract A metaphysical fact is a fact, clearly recognizable in the course of time, for which there is no scientific explanation, that is, no legal explanation or explanation deduced in the manner recommended by modern science. I contend that life’s emergence and human thought’s emergence are metaphysical facts in this sense. These emergences are not to be explained by Darwinian principles which themselves do not seem adequate to explain genetic evolutionism. But modern cosmology has given us leave to reflect on cosmic evolution in a manner which gives sense to overall finality. There is an anthropic principle which has two forms: in the weak form, it can help science discover new legal explanations; in the strong form, it offers a teleological explanation of the laws of nature. As F. Dyson noted, we have two styles of explanation: the one is scientific; the other is metascientific (or metaphysical). We have no reason to reject teleological explanations about ontological questions.

scholarly journals Dyskursy psychoterapii a rozumienie rzeczywistości społecznej

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
Barbara Józefik
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Discourse ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The One

Complex and changing social conditions engender the need to find a language to describe the phenomena and to elucidate their mechanisms. One possibility is the language of psychotherapy, which in itself is complex because it combines the various currents which have emerged in psychotherapy’s more than one hundred years of history. The author’s aim is to analyze the relations between culture, social reality (including Poland’s), and psychotherapy. On the one hand, she attempts to view psychotherapy as a cultural discourse, and on the other, to understand culture and social phenomena from the perspective of a psychotherapy office.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Gualtiero Piccinini
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Neural Computations

This book defends a neurocomputational theory of cognition grounded in a mechanistic, functionalist, egalitarian ontology. I argue that biological cognitive capacities are constitutively explained by multilevel neurocognitive mechanisms, which perform neural computations over neural representations. Providing a scientific explanation of cognition requires understanding how neurocognitive mechanisms work. Therefore, the science of cognition ought to include neuroscience to a degree that traditional cognitive science was not expected to. Scientists on the ground have been working on this for a while. Psychology is becoming more and more integrated with neuroscience....

Political World

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-153
Author(s):  
Brian Langille
Keyword(s):  
Ludwig Wittgenstein ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Status ◽  
Critical Legal Theory ◽  
The One

It is not transparently obvious why legal theorists are increasingly attracted to the ideas and methods of Ludwig Wittgenstein. After all, Wittgenstein’s writings are notoriously difficult and he said almost nothing, and certainly nothing sustained, about law. And why would self-proclaimed legal theorists be attracted to someone who was quite explicitly hostile to “theory”, who viewed philosophy as a sort of therapy, and who said, famously, “philosophy leaves everything as it is”? But a still more interesting question is, why has Wittgenstein received such curious and conflicting treatment at the hands of the critical legal theorists? On the one hand critical legal theory celebrates Wittgenstein’s work as a key to the dismantling of traditional jurisprudence, but on the other hand critical scholars bemoan his alleged debilitating endorsement of the status quo. It is this last question upon which this essay is focussed.

Impossible Languages

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Moro
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
Novel Structures

Understanding the nature and the structure of human language coincides with capturing the constraints which make a conceivable language possible or, equivalently, with discovering whether there can be any impossible languages at all. This book explores these related issues, paralleling the effort of a biologist who attempts at describing the class of impossible animals. In biology, one can appeal for example to physical laws of nature (such as entropy or gravity) but when it comes to language the path becomes intricate and difficult for the physical laws cannot be exploited. In linguistics, in fact, there are two distinct empirical domains to explore: on the one hand, the formal domain of syntax, where different languages are compared trying to understand how much they can differ; on the other, the neurobiological domain, where the flow of information through the complex neural networks and the electric code exploited by neurons is uncovered and measured. By referring to the most advanced experiments in Neurolinguistics the book in fact offers an updated descriptions of modern linguistics and allows the reader to formulate new and surprising questions. Moreover, since syntax - the capacity to generate novel structures (sentences) by recombining a finite set of elements (words) - is the fingerprint of all and only human languages this books ultimately deals with the fundamental questions which characterize the search for our origins.

scholarly journals La Relation Entre Le Bilinguisme Precoce Et Les Capacites Cognitives Chez Les Enfants Ages De 5 A 6 Ans

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (26) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Saliha Bouzid Baa
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this paper is to present results of a field work in which the aim was to examine the relationship between precocious bilingualism and certain cognitive capacities in 5 and 6 years old children. The cognitive capacities we took into account are attention, visual memory and intelligence. The obtained results permitted to conclude that bilingualism does not constitute an obstacle to the child’s cognitive development on the one hand, and that there is no difference between the bilingual and the monolingual at the advantage of monolinguals on the other hand that lead to the development of certain cognitive capacities namely memory.

scholarly journals Rhythm: Types, Hierarchy and Language Diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 71-91
Author(s):  
Farman Zeynalov
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Language Diversity ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Regular Motion ◽  
Teaching Situation ◽  
Diversity Principle ◽  
The One ◽  
Emergence Of Life

This article deals with the factors which cause the emergence of rhythm, its types, hierarchy and the relation of rhythm to life and the human language diversity. According to Aristotle “all types of rhythm are measured by certain movements”. So all events and processes connected with rhythm are rhythmical in nature. Rhythm is a regular reiteration of identical cases, processes and events within the boundaries of time and space. Rhythm is the form of regular motion. However, rhythm is not the result of motion. It is just the movement itself. All types of rhythm or movement, to our mind, are based on energy the absence of which excludes movements, rhythms, accordingly then life, human language, as well as language diversity. Thus, studying rhythm, its types and systemic hierarchy, to our mind, enables us to reveal the mechanism of transition from inanimate nature to animate one, on the one hand, and creation of the styduing diversity principle of nature, as well as language diversity, on the other hand. The main task of a linguistic scholar, as defined by David Crystal, is great interest. To this linguist “the main task of the linguistic scholar is not to improve the language teaching situation … etc., his task is basically to study and understand the general principles upon which all languages are built. What are the “design features” of human language? What are the differences between languages? How can we describe and classify this? How far are they fundamental? What concepts do we have before we can begin to talk about language at all” (D.Crystal, 1997). Our aim, accordingly, is to make an attempt to study the types of rhythm, its systemic hierarchy and the relation of rhythm to emergence of life and language diversity.

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