scholarly journals “The lady who dared” – an examination of the 1914 Dronfield school strike

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Paul Leon Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town

This study explores the events of the Dronfield school strike of 1914. In doing so it considers the personal experiences of those centrally involved and the impact of events on them. The core aim of the study is to consider how much the Dronfield events were initiated and driven by the reformist actions of one woman, headteacher of Dronfield Elementary School Girls’ Department Sarah Outram; how much they were the expression of conflicting social forces prevailing in the early years of the twentieth century; and how much the specific circumstances prevailing in the town of Dronfield created the atmosphere in which the school strike could occur. This study examines a wide range of primary source material relating to the Dronfield school strike. Some of the primary sources, such as the file of the Board of Education investigation, have been considered by earlier historical studies, but this study examines sources not explored before. These include the widespread newspaper coverage, and documents about the pre-existing conflict between the Dronfield school managers and the Derbyshire Education Committee, which formed a backdrop to the strike events. The study places the Dronfield event in the wider context of the social movements of the early 20th century, including the struggle for women’s suffrage and debates around feminism, sex education, social purity and eugenics. It then focusses on the particular circumstances in Dronfield and examines how events were shaped by the actions, motives and beliefs of people within the town. The study shows how tensions around social issues existed across the country, but only in Dronfield did they combine with local circumstances to provoke and sustain the unique phenomenon of the Dronfield school strike. In doing so the study presents an example of the impact wider social movements could have on everyday life at a local level.

scholarly journals Family Caregiving for Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 635-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Schulz ◽  
Scott R. Beach ◽  
Sara J. Czaja ◽  
Lynn M. Martire ◽  
Joan K. Monin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intensity Of Care ◽  
The Impact

Family members are the primary source of support for older adults with chronic illness and disability. Thousands of published empirical studies and dozens of reviews have documented the psychological and physical health effects of caregiving, identified caregivers at risk for adverse outcomes, and evaluated a wide range of intervention strategies to support caregivers. Caregiving as chronic stress exposure is the conceptual driver for much of this research. We review and synthesize the literature on the impact of caregiving and intervention strategies for supporting caregivers. The impact of caregiving is highly variable, driven largely by the intensity of care provided and the suffering of the care recipient. The intervention literature is littered with many failures and some successes. Successful interventions address both the pragmatics of care and the emotional toll of caregiving. We conclude with both research and policy recommendations that address a national agenda for caregiving.

scholarly journals ‘If a fight starts, watch the crowd’: The effect of violence on popular support for social movements

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Muñoz ◽  
Eva Anduiza
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Street Violence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Social movements often face tactic diversification. In otherwise nonviolent movements, some groups or radical flanks may resort to violent actions such as street rioting. This article analyzes the impact that these violent episodes can have on popular support for the movement as a whole. To estimate the causal effect of violence, it exploits an unexpected riot outbreak that occurred during the fieldwork of a face-to-face survey in Barcelona in May 2016, led by a squat group linked to the anti-austerity movement known as the 15-M or indignados that emerged during the financial crisis. By comparing respondents interviewed before and after the riots, it finds that the street violence episode reduced support for the 15-M movement by 12 percentage points on average. However, the magnitude of the effect is highly conditional on the respondents’ predispositions towards the movement. Core supporters, that are expected to share the frame of the movement in justifying violent actions, are the least affected by the violent outbreak. On the other extreme, weak supporters, opposers, and non-aligned citizens reduce their support to a larger extent. Results are robust to different specifications and a wide range of robustness checks. These findings have potentially important implications for movements concerned with broadening their support base.

From hope to dystopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Ngambouk Vitalis Pemunta ◽  
Tabi Chama James Tabenyang
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Petroleum Development ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to examine the dark flip side of the heightened dreams and wild expectations of development as a bright picture that accompanied the discovery of petroleum in politically unstable and donor-dependent Chad. Design/methodology/approach Data were elicited through local-level ethnography–participant observation, individual surveys and focus group discussion sessions with stakeholders on the impact of the Chad–Cameroon pipeline and petroleum development project. Findings While the “discourse of development” is about a better and new future, this new future, however, has a dark side: un/under-development, “backwardness”, corruption and patronage, leading to deeply entrenched poverty. Petroleum has become a discursive site where the competing discourses about development personified as the provision of material resources are played out. Originality/value The failure of petro-dollar-inspired development in Chad speaks to the mutually reinforcing nature of development decisions. Although firms need workers with specialized skills, workers will not acquire those skills in anticipation of employment opportunities. This disjuncture highlights the need for strategic complementarity in investment decision and coordination among economic agents. More than a decade later, the utopic dream of petro-dollar-inspired development as an aspiration is now characterized by a disconnect–environmental degradation, food insecurity, gendered and deeply entrenched poverty. This disjuncture demonstrates the need for a holistic impact assessment that involves different adaptive approaches and focus on a wide range of livelihood issues. Holistic evaluation on all programmes, plans, projects, policies and interventions will lead to the achievement of sustainable people-centred development that conserves the stewardship of nature.

Socio-Hydrogeology: uncovering the hidden connections within the Human-Groundwater Cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Re ◽  
Paul Hynds ◽  
Theresa Frommen ◽  
Shrikant Limaye
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Coupled Modelling ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

<p>Socio-hydrogeology has been recently proposed as a new approach in the field of human-water research, focusing on the assessment of the reciprocity between people and groundwater. Notwithstanding some obvious similarities with socio-hydrology, there are notable, and indeed important differences; while socio-hydrology aims to investigate and understand the dynamic interactions and feedbacks between (surface)water and people, due to the more private and local nature of groundwater in many instances, socio-hydrogeology seeks to understand individuals and communities as a primary source, pathway and receptor for potable groundwater supplies, including the role of (local) knowledge, beliefs, risk perception, tradition/history, and consumption. In essence, the “socio” in socio-hydrology might be said to represent society, while its counterpart within socio-hydrogeology embodies sociology, including social, cognitive, behavioural and socio-epidemiological science. Moreover, while socio-hydrology tends towards examination of human-water interactions at relatively larges scales via coupled modelling, socio-hydrogeology is often focused at a significantly smaller scale (e.g. individual household or community supplies), and as such, employs a wide range of mixed methods, including modelling, albeit to a lesser degree. Being at its early development stage, the discipline is still being defined and formalized. Nevertheless, several researchers are currently implementing this approach worldwide.</p><p>By presenting a comparative analysis of the approaches and outcomes from several socio-hydrogeological studies undertaken across a range of socio-demographic and climatic regions including Canada, Italy, India, Ireland, Myanmar and Tunisia, this presentation will highlight the benefits and shortcomings of going beyond classical hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical investigations targeted to assess the impact of human activities on groundwater quality and quantity, and indeed, the effects of these impacts on associated individuals and communities (i.e. humans frequently represent the issue, the receptor and the solution). By shedding light on the added value of understanding the cause-effect relations between people and the hidden component of the water cycle (e.g. to jointly assess how scarce and polluted groundwater affect human/social wellbeing), socio-hydrogeology can provide evidence-based solutions to regionally bespoke problems. Similarly, otherwise neglected local or regional information can add value to scientific outcomes and contribute to foster new groundwater management actions tailored on the needs of local populations as well as on the overall achievement of long-term sustainability. Socio-hydrogeology can therefore provide new insights useful for socio-hydrological modelling, and, together, they can effectively underpin successful Integrated Water Resources Management plans at local and regional scale. Perhaps most importantly, it is hoped that by initiating discussion between practitioners of both sub-disciplines, experiences, expertise and perspectives can be shared and employed (e.g. more “technical” modelling within socio-hydrogeology, increased integration of “non-expert” knowledge within socio-hydrology) in order to bolster both areas of study, with an overarching objective of protecting the entire hydrological cycle, and the people supplied and impacted by it.</p>

scholarly journals The impact of digitalization of the economy upon social governance: analysis of current global trends

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kira Vadimovna Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Social Governance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The subject of this research is the modern system of social governance, which has been transformed in the conditions of digital environment. Particular attention is given to the definition of electronic-digital civilization and its criteria. The concept of “electronic-digital civilization”, with emphasis on the transitional state of society, was introduced into the scientific discourse by the Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences G. V. Osipov. The goal of this article is to determine the criteria of this concept. Description is given the innovative methods and techniques of social governance, namely those that depend on digitalization of the economy. The events of 2020-2021, related to the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrated the increase of digitalization of human life and nonlinearity of social development. The shift of industrial era towards modern electronic-digital era entails qualitative transformations in the lifestyle of the entire humanity, which certainly requires the implementation of innovative methods in social governance. The author outlines the basic criteria of electronic-digital stage in the development of humanity. The analysis of scientific literature indicates the a wide range of scientific research in the sphere of humanities are dedicated to examination of the effects of digitalization in the economy. However, the emerging social issues in the conditions of digital environment require expert evaluation of sociologists, psychologists, political scientists, and legal experts. The article determines the modern forms and methods of social governance, which are currently implemented by the industrially developed countries. The fundamental factor of transformation of the style of governance became the process of all-round “digitalization of the economy”. The statistical data on the “effects of digitalization” is provided. The author explores such modern trends in governance, such as “E–government”, transitioning to “Digital government”, “Soft–power” technologies, “Agile methodology”, transition to 5G, etc.

scholarly journals Purchasing patterns in low-income neighbourhoods: implications for studying sugar-sweetened beverage taxes

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1807-1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine A Madsen ◽  
Jennifer Falbe ◽  
Gabriella Olgin ◽  
Ana Ibarra-Castro ◽  
Nadia Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corner Stores ◽  
Discount Stores ◽  
Purchasing Patterns ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to determine the store types from which people in low-income neighbourhoods purchase most sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and to identify associations between purchasing location and demographic characteristics.DesignStreet-intercept surveys of passers-by near high foot-traffic intersections in 2016. Participants completed a beverage frequency questionnaire and identified the type of store (e.g. corner store, chain grocery) from which they purchased most SSB.SettingEight low-income neighbourhoods in four Bay Area cities, California, USA.ParticipantsSample of 1132 individuals who reported consuming SSB, aged 18–88 years, who identified as African-American (41 %), Latino (29 %), White (17 %) and Asian (6 %).ResultsBased on surveys in low-income neighbourhoods, corner stores were the primary source from which most SSB were purchased (28 %), followed by discount stores (18 %) and chain groceries (16 %). In fully adjusted models, those with lower education were more likely to purchase from corner stores or discount groceries than all other store types. Compared with White participants, African-Americans purchased more frequently from corner stores, discount groceries and chain groceries while Latinos purchased more frequently from discount groceries.ConclusionsThe wide range of store types from which SSB were purchased and demographic differences in purchasing patterns suggest that broader methodological approaches are needed to adequately capture the impact of SSB taxes and other interventions aimed at reducing SSB consumption, particularly in low-income neighbourhoods.

scholarly journals Translating Research into Action: involving older people in co-producing knowledge about age-friendly neighbourhood interventions

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patty Doran ◽  
Tine Buffel
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Urban Neighbourhoods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Action Project ◽  
Social And Physical Environment

Purpose Developing what has been termed “age-friendly” cities has become a significant issue for public policy. To date, however, there is limited knowledge about how older people can be involved in the co-production of age-friendly initiatives. The Translating Research into Action project worked with a group of older co-researchers who examined the age-friendliness of their neighbourhood, with the aim of translating the findings into practice and policy recommendations that can help improve the quality of life of older people in urban neighbourhoods. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper synthetises the data collected through focus groups, interviews conducted by co-researchers and a public dissemination event. The analysis focussed on identifying the suggestions for action and change that could improve the social and physical environment for older people in urban neighbourhoods. Findings Physical and social issues were found to be contingent on each other and mutually reinforcing, and should therefore not be considered in isolation. However, the findings highlighted physical environmental issues as a major concern; transport was a dominant overarching theme. Research limitations/implications Three key areas in need of improvement when developing local level age-friendly policies and practices are discussed: improving and diversifying communication and information; promoting accessibility; and, ensuring a range of meeting opportunities for different groups. Originality/value The paper illustrates how co-produced research can be translated into age-friendly interventions, and will be of interest to a wide range of local and (inter)national organisations wishing to research and provide advocacy to older people.

scholarly journals Nontraditional Work Factors in Farmworker Adolescent Populations: Implications for Health Research and Interventions

2005 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 622-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara R. Cooper ◽  
Sharon P. Cooper ◽  
Sarah S. Felknor ◽  
Vilma S. Santana ◽  
Frida M. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Work Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Nontraditional Work ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Impact

Agriculture has been documented to be one of the most hazardous work environments for both adults and children. Adolescents may be especially vulnerable to adverse health effects from agricultural exposures due to the rapid growth and development experienced during those years. Separating the occupational, economic, and social issues in this population is difficult. Weak regulatory protection, lack of compliance with existing regulations, and gaps in service provision characterize the working conditions of adolescent farmworkers. Although there is increasing research on the impact of work organization on mental and physical health in adult working populations, there is a scarcity of research focused on this concept in young workers—and it remains virtually unaddressed in young farmworkers. Work characteristics of the informal work sector, better delineated in international literature, should be considered when planning research or interventions in this at-risk population. Further, the population of adolescent farmworkers is diverse, and research strategies and interventions need to be targeted and tailored to the heterogeneous groups. This article addresses some of the nontraditional work factors associated with the less-than-formal work organization and environments in the farmworker adolescent population and how these factors may inform the planning of research and interventions. Specifically, mobility, cultural patterns and social networks, alternative sampling strategies, alternative delivery of health care and education, and involvement of a wide range of players in the work environment of adolescent farmworkers should all be considered when conducting research or planning programs for this population.

scholarly journals Farmers' Preference for Soil and Water Conservation Practices in Nigeria: Analytic Hierarchic Process Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4(J)) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Seyi Olalekan Olawuyi
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil And Water

Enhancing agricultural production through sustainable soil/land and water conservation practices are vital to the sustenance of the human race as entrenched in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2, 12 and 15 respectively. Smallholder farmers are faced with myriads of soil and water-related issues in production which make them vulnerable to land degradation and low productivity. This calls for policies to enhance sustainable food production; hence, the need for this study which highlighted the influencing dynamics governing the preference and use of SWC practices alternatives in Nigeria with particular reference to Osun State. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in this study to select the representative sample of 240 respondents. Data collected through primary source include information on selected farmers’ socioeconomic attributes, institutional and farm level characteristics as well as the SWC practices prevalent in the study area. The SWC practices highlighted in this study include: Soil Management/Amendment Practices (SAP), Agronomic Practices (AP) and Cultivation Practices (CP). The data collected were analyzed with crosstabulation analysis, AHP technique and the logit regression model. The results from AHP revealed that Agronomic Practices (AP) is the most preferred and used SWC practice option in the study area while marginal effects of the logit regression revealed that age, gender, years of formal education, membership of local level institutions, access to extension services and frequency of extension visit as well as farmers’ perception on the impact of extension visit are significant influencing dynamics governing the rural farmers’ preference and use of SWC practices alternatives in the study area. Hence, concerted efforts should be geared towards developing pro-farmers policies in line with these influencing dynamics.  

Assessing the Significance of Acampada Sol

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-140
Author(s):  
Cristina Flesher Fominaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 5 analyzes the impact and significance of Acampada Sol for the development of the 15-M movement. Acampada Sol was one of many “occupation” camps that combined a pro-democracy and anti-austerity orientation. Demands for greater democracy form a central shared theme across a wide range of protest sites and forms of protest within and beyond Europe. But not all of these resulted in strong and sustained movements afterward, and not all mass mobilizations in times of crisis result in the emergence of social movements. This chapter argues that the experience of Acampada Sol had two crucial impacts that served to fuel and sustain the 15-M movement. The first was to establish democracy as the central problematic around which the movement cohered. The second was to consolidate a political culture and a collective identity that would sustain the movement, enabling it to expand and evolve. Autonomous, feminist, and hacker ethics forged a political culture that would strengthen the movement’s political identity and efficacy.

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