scholarly journals Kalsiyum Hipofosfit ve Magnezyum Hipofosfit Emdirilmiş Jüt Elyaf Katkılı Poli (Laktik Asit) Biyokompozitlerinin Isıl Ve Güç Tutuşurluk Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (121) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Lemiye Atabek Savaş ◽  
Ayşegül Erdem ◽  
Alperen Kaplan ◽  
Mehmet Dogan
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Limit Oxygen Index ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Char Residue ◽  
Jute Fibers ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Constant Rate

The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal and flammability properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites reinforced with calcium hypophosphite (CHP) and magnesium hypophosphite (MHP) impregnated jute fiber (JE). For this purpose,biocomposites were produced by adding the jute fibers (JEs), which are treated separately with 5% and 10% CHP and MHP solutions and dried, to the PLA at a constant rate (20% wt) by melt blending method. Thermal properties of the PLA biocomposites produced were evaluated by thermogravimetic analysis (TGA), also their flammability properties were investigated by using limit oxygen index (LOI), vertical (UL-94V) and horizontal burning (UL-94HB) tests. As a result of the TGA tests, it was determined that the addition of JEs impregnated with CHP and MHP, the thermal stability and char residue amount of PLA biocomposites increased, and consequently the flame retardancy of the composites were also improved. From the LOI test results, it was observed that the LOI values of PLA biocomposites increased as the percentage of hypophosphites in the JE treatment solution increased. UL-94V and UL-94HB tests indicate that PLA biocomposite reinforced with JEs treated with 10% wt CHP has the highest flame retardancy performance.

scholarly journals Study on the flame retardancy of nano-Sb2O3/BPS-PBT composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 096369351986574
Author(s):  
Jianlin Xu ◽  
Bingxue Ma ◽  
Lei Niu ◽  
Chengcheng Xu ◽  
Zhou Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Limit Oxygen Index ◽  
Antimony Trioxide ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Brominated Polystyrene

To improve the flame retardancy of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), PBT-based flame retardant composites containing antimony trioxide nanoparticles (nano-Sb2O3) and brominated polystyrene (BPS) were investigated. Nano-Sb2O3, BPS, and PBT were dispersed by ball milling method to obtain composite powders, and the nano-Sb2O3/BPS-PBT samples were prepared by melt blending and injection molding methods. The flame retardancy of nano-Sb2O3/BPS-PBT composites was investigated. The results showed that nano-Sbs2O3 can obviously improve the flame retardancy of PBT-based composites. When the nano-Sb2O3/BPS-PBT composite contains nano-Sb2O3 with 5 wt% of mass fraction and BPS with 10 wt% of mass fraction, the nano-Sb2O3/BPS-PBT composite has excellent flame retardancy, in which the UL94 degree of flame retardancy achieves V-0 grade and the limit oxygen index is 28.3%.

scholarly journals Structure and Flame-Retardant Actions of Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Expandable Graphite

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjun Chen ◽  
Yuanfang Luo ◽  
Xiaohui Guo ◽  
Lijuan Chen ◽  
Tiwen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Limit Oxygen Index ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Blending Method

In this paper, rigid polyurethane foams that were filled with expandable graphite (RPUF/EG) composites were prepared by the liquid blending method, and then the structure and flame retardancy performance of materials were investigated through optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, limit oxygen index, cone calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis coupled to fourier transform infrared spectrum, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that a large number of EG could be good to the exhibition of flame retardancy of RPUF, where the optimal material was found at loading 15 phr EG that showed an increased limit oxygen index value and a decreased calorific or fuming value. TGA coupled FTIR and XPS revealed that EG could disassembled before RPUF under heating treatment, and it could form a pyknotic and enahnced residual carbon layer on RPUF surface after the fire, which restricted the transfer of gas, like oxygen or heat into PU matrix, finally resulting in the promotion of flame retardancy of RPUF.

Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Poly(lactic acid/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Sujaree Tachaphiboonsap ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Blending Method

Thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blend and thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blend were prepared by melt blending method. PLA grafted with maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of the blends. As TPS was incorporated into PLA, elongation at break was increased while tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength were decreased. Tensile properties and impact properties of TPS/PLA blend were improved with adding PLA-g-MA indicating the enhancement of interfacial adhesion between PLA and TPS. With increasing PBAT content, elongation at break and impact strength of TPS/PLA blends were improved. The addition of TPS decreased glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), and melting temperature (Tm) of PLA. Tgand Tcof TPS/PLA blend were decreased by incorporating PLA-g-MA. However, the presence of PBAT reduced Tcof TPS/PLA blend. Thermal properties of TPS/PLA/PBAT blends did not change with increasing PBAT content. SEM micrographs revealed that the compatibilized TPS/PLA blends exhibited finer morphology when compared to the uncompatibilized TPS/PLA blend.

Rheological Behavior and Microstructure of Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Jiang ◽  
Kai Liao ◽  
Juan-Juan Han ◽  
De-Xian Feng ◽  
Han-Xiong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Twin Screw

Polypropylene (PP)/magnesium hydroxide (MDH) composite was melt-mixed using a twin-screw extruder. Two types of MDH were used, one with the modification of silane and another without. The rheological behavior was measured by capillary and dynamical rheometer. Microstructure of these composites was observed by SEM. Their flame retardancy was characterized by oxygen index and Horizontal/Vertical burning test. Results showed that shear viscosity and complex viscosity of PP with modified MDH were lower than that of PP with non-modified MDH. SEM results also showed a better dispersion of silane modified MDH in PP matrix. With the increase of MDH content, the oxygen index of composites was increased. When the content was increased to 60 wt%, the composite was UL94 HB and V-1.

The Flammability of Polyacrylonitrile and Its Copolymers I. The Flammability Assessment Using Pressed Powdered Polymer Samples

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Michael E. Hall ◽  
A. Richard Horrocks
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Char Residue ◽  
Acrylic Polymer ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Convenient Means ◽  
Burning Rates ◽  
Polymer Flammability

This paper is the first in a series of four which investigates the burning behaviour and the influence of flame retardant species on the flam mability of fibre-forming polymer and copolymers of acrylonitrile. A pressed powdered polymer sheet technique is described that enables a range of polymer compositions in the presence and absence of flame retardants to be assessed for limiting oxygen index, burning rate and char residue deter minations. The method offers a rapid, reproducible and convenient means of screening possible flame retardant systems, and LOI values compare favourably with those of films and fabrics comprising the same polymeric type. Burning rates, however, are sensitive to changes in physical sample character such as form (film vs. powder sheet) and density. Thus the technique forms an excellent basis for the generation of burning data which will enable comprehensive studies of acrylic polymer flammability and flame retardancy to be undertaken.

Carbon Nanotube Network in Polymer Nanocomposites: Rheology and Flammability

2014 ◽  
Vol 998-999 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Hai Yun Ma ◽  
Jia Wei Liu ◽  
Wen Chuan Han ◽  
Li Ci Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Network ◽  
Rheological Percolation

ABS/MWNTs nanocomposites were prepared by using melt blending method. Cone calorimeter and ARES were employed to measure flammability and rheological properties. The flammability properties are strongly affected by the network structure. From the results of ARES tests, it is observed that when the MWNTs content is higher than 1 wt%, nanotubes network structure is formed and flame retardancy of the nanocomposites is significantly improved. The rheological percolation threshold, 0.72 wt%, was determined on the basis of a power law relation.

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics, thermal degradation behavior and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/MOF composites prepared by melt-blending methods

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (75) ◽  
pp. 71461-71471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Dai ◽  
Yu Cao ◽  
Xiaowei Shi ◽  
Xinlong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Thermal Degradation Behavior ◽  
Metal Organic

In this article, poly(lactic acid)/metal–organic framework composites were prepared by melt-blending method and the effects of MOFs on the non-isothermal crystallization, thermal degradation and mechanical property of poly(lactic acid) were studied.

Carbon nanotube reinforced polylactide/basalt fiber composites containing aluminium hypophosphite: thermal degradation, flame retardancy and mechanical properties

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (128) ◽  
pp. 105869-105879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Zhongjing Jia ◽  
Yani Chen ◽  
Yunran Zhang ◽  
Jingyu Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Blending Method

Modified carbon nanotube reinforced polylactide/basalt fiber composites containing aluminium hypophosphite were prepared via melt blending method. The composites showed excellent thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties.

Preparation and Flame Retardancy of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Containing P-Toluenesulfonate-Pillared Layered Double Hydroxide

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 1372-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Li Xie ◽  
Lin Jiang Wang ◽  
Guo Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Layered Double Hydroxide ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester Resin ◽  
Limit Oxygen Index ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Double Hydroxide

The p-toluene sulfonate- pillared layered double hydroxide(PTS-LDH) was synthesized by co-precipitation method, unsaturated polyester resin/ PTS-LDH composites were prepared by solution blending and solidifying. The X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the structure of the composites. The thermal stability and fire properties of composites have been studied by thermo- gravimetric analysis, limit oxygen index and UL94 burning test. The results show that the interlayer space of original LDH was 0.775nm, which was increased to 1.73nm for PTS-LDH and 2.077 nm for unsaturated polyester resin/ PTS-LDH composite. The addition of PTS-LDH improved the flame retardancy of unsaturated polyester resin. Limit oxygen index of unsaturated polyester resin/ PTS-LDH composite was increased to 23.30 % from 21% of the pure resin, the char residue rate increased by 3.7% and the speed of horizontal burning was decreased by 20.24%. The vertical burning test (UL-94) results indicated that the materials achieved V-2 grade.

Functionalization of Graphene and Its Influence on Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy of Jute/Poly(lactic acid) Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 7074-7082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yu ◽  
Changqing Hu ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Matrix Toughness ◽  
Modified Graphene

In this work, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) was covalently grafted onto the surface of graphene to get modified graphene (G-DOPO) firstly. The mechanical properties and flame retardancy of jute/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite with G-DOPO were studied. According to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it was confirmed that DOPO was grafted on the surface of graphene successfully. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results demonstrated that the residue char of the composites increased with the addition of G-DOPO. The total heat release (THR) of the composite was significantly reduced and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased after adding G-DOPO into the composite. Moreover, the mechanical properties results showed that the comprehensive effects of G-DOPO on the interface enhancement and matrix toughness were found.

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