Supply and demand: the political recruitment of women1

This chapter examines the progress of women's participation and representation in the House of Commons. It first considers women's descriptive representation in the House of Commons over the last century, with emphasis on the differences in the proportion of women Members of Parliament (MPs) elected by the main political parties. It explains improvements in the numbers of women MPs in the last decade or so, together with the party asymmetry, by reference to the supply and demand model of political recruitment. It then reviews arguments for women's equal participation in politics, taking into account how women's descriptive representation intersects with symbolic and substantive representation. It also discusses resistance to the claim that women's representation matters and concludes with an analysis of the masculinized nature of the political institution that women MPs inhabit, along with the recommendations made in the 2016 The Good Parliament report.

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Rekrutmen Calon Legislatif Muda Partai Golongan Karya Untuk Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia Periode 2019-2024

Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) ◽

10.34007/jehss.v3i3.468 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 987-995

Author(s):

Delya Afrida Sari ◽

Wawan Budi Darmawan ◽

Firman Manan

Keyword(s):

House Of Representatives ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

The Political ◽

Political Recruitment ◽

The Republic

This paper aims to describe the recruitment of young legislative candidates for the Golkar Party in the 2019 elections. The problem is focused on how the recruitment of young legislative candidates is carried out by the Golkar party. In order to approach this problem, the theory of political recruitment from Michael Rush and Philip Althoff was used. The data were collected through interviews and analyzed qualitatively. The type of research used is descriptive which intends to provide the results of exploration or exploration of information on the research objectives. This study concludes that the political recruitment of young golkar party legislative candidates for the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia for the 2019-2024 period includes five activity processes, namely: supply and demand, agency, criteria, control and demand.

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Citizens, Elites, and Social Media Methodological Challenges and Opportunities in the Study of Persuasion and Mobilization

The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.27 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1036-1058

Author(s):

Philip Habel ◽

Yannis Theocharis

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Big Data ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Political Process ◽

The Political ◽

The Novel ◽

Complete Understanding ◽

Social Media Data ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Media Data

In the last decade, big data, and social media in particular, have seen increased popularity among citizens, organizations, politicians, and other elites—which in turn has created new and promising avenues for scholars studying long-standing questions of communication flows and influence. Studies of social media play a prominent role in our evolving understanding of the supply and demand sides of the political process, including the novel strategies adopted by elites to persuade and mobilize publics, as well as the ways in which citizens react, interact with elites and others, and utilize platforms to persuade audiences. While recognizing some challenges, this chapter speaks to the myriad of opportunities that social media data afford for evaluating questions of mobilization and persuasion, ultimately bringing us closer to a more complete understanding Lasswell’s (1948) famous maxim: “who, says what, in which channel, to whom, [and] with what effect.”

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Small World

Handbook of Research on Global Diffusion of Broadband Data Transmission ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-851-2.ch014 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 211-226

Author(s):

Diana Wilson ◽

Kevin O’Reilly ◽

Dave Murray

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Small World ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Telecommunications Industry ◽

Current Situation ◽

The Political ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Small Country ◽

Key Players

In this chapter we consider from a marketing perspective the political, cultural/social, and economic factors, both micro and macro, affecting the supply/demand nexus of broadband services for the Irish consumer. We chart the development of broadband and its current situation of rollout and uptake, examine the reasons for its continuing poor performance, and offer recommendations on how Ireland may close the gap and perhaps even move ahead. We collated data from a variety of resources, journals and press and trade publications. We attended a ministerial conference on the state of broadband to which many representatives of the telecommunications industry had been invited. We surveyed people with and without the facility, and interviewed key players in the field. We concluded that, although the market is beginning to grow strongly, it is from a low base, and as a result the country still lags behind many of its European counterparts. There is still a lack of competition which is having an adverse effect on both supply and demand of broadband for the Irish domestic consumer. In a small country, the incumbent still holds control of the most profitable areas of the technology, particularly wholesale and selling to other operators. Also, the Irish are still not convinced that broadband is the ‘killer app’ they need. This may change in the future as the technology delivers more of the content-rich multimedia fare that the Irish already enjoy in other formats.

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Do Elites Discriminate against Female Political Aspirants? Evidence from a Field Experiment

Politics & Gender ◽

10.1017/s1743923x20000227 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-32

Author(s):

Kostanca Dhima

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Gender Bias ◽

Political Representation ◽

The United States ◽

The Political ◽

Political Elites ◽

Recruitment Process ◽

Political Recruitment ◽

Group Attachment ◽

Female Legislators

Abstract Do elites exhibit gender bias when responding to political aspirants? Drawing on theories of gender bias, group attachment, and partisan identity, I conduct the first audit experiment outside the United States to examine the presence of gender bias in the earliest phases of the political recruitment process. Based on responses from 1,774 Canadian legislators, I find evidence of an overall gender bias in favor of female political aspirants. Specifically, legislators are more responsive to female political aspirants and more likely to provide them with helpful advice when they ask how to get involved in politics. This pro-women bias, which exists at all levels of government, is stronger among female legislators and those associated with left-leaning parties. These results suggest that political elites in Canada are open to increasing female political representation and thus should serve as welcome encouragement for women to pursue their political ambitions.

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Gloom and doom? The future of marine capture fisheries

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2004.1580 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 360 (1453) ◽

pp. 21-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Serge M. Garcia ◽

Richard J. R. Grainger

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

The Political ◽

Economic Evolution ◽

Forecasting Performance ◽

Awareness Information ◽

The World ◽

The Future

Predicting global fisheries is a high–order challenge but predictions have been made and updates are needed. Past forecasts, present trends and perspectives of key parameters of the fisheries—including potential harvest, state of stocks, supply and demand, trade, fishing technology and governance—are reviewed in detail, as the basis for new forecasts and forecasting performance assessment. The future of marine capture fisheries will be conditioned by the political, social and economic evolution of the world within which they operate. Consequently, recent global scenarios for the future world are reviewed, with the emphasis on fisheries. The main driving forces (e.g. global economic development, demography, environment, public awareness, information technology, energy, ethics) including aquaculture are described. Outlooks are provided for each aspect of the fishery sector. The conclusion puts these elements in perspective and offers the authors' personal interpretation of the possible future pathway of fisheries, the uncertainty about it and the still unanswered questions of direct relevance in shaping that future.

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The Supply and Demand Model of Candidate Selection: Some Reflections

Government and Opposition ◽

10.1017/gov.2016.7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 513-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Joni Lovenduski

Keyword(s):

Political Parties ◽

Selection Process ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Candidate Selection ◽

Demand Model ◽

Race And Class ◽

The Core ◽

Look Back ◽

Political Recruitment ◽

Supply And Demand Model

This contribution takes a look back at the supply and demand model of selection and recruitment, developed by Joni Lovenduski and Pippa Norris in Political Recruitment: Gender, Race and Class in the British Parliament (1995). The core understanding of this model was that candidate selection was an interactive process in which both selectors and aspirants affected outcomes that were organized in several sets of institutions. The model illuminates power in particular institutions – British political parties – and was designed to examine the various effects of the selection process. This contribution reflects on the model and puts forward ideas and arguments about what might be done differently, taking into account the theoretical and methodological innovations of the succeeding generation of scholars who have used the model. It also identifies remaining challenges for research on candidate selection and suggests that the supply and demand model is sufficiently flexible that it can still travel across national, system and party boundaries.

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Party Recruitment in Siberia

Nationalities Papers ◽

10.1080/00905998308407972 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 256-282

Author(s):

Bohdan Harasymiw

Keyword(s):

Affirmative Action ◽

Ethnic Minorities ◽

Communist Party ◽

Rural Population ◽

The Political ◽

Independent Factor ◽

The Urals ◽

Political Recruitment ◽

Party Members ◽

Key Industries

Siberia, apparently, is an inhospitable region as far as Communist Party members are concerned. According to T. H. Rigby, both in 1939 and in 1961, a significantly smaller proportion of the CPSU membership was to be found in the Urals and Western and Eastern Siberian regions of the RSFSR than of the general Soviet population. This is surprising, he points out, in view of the area's “relatively small rural population” and its key industries being mining and metallurgy. Beyond the suggestion “that the general comfort and pleasantness of an area is an independent factor in its party membership levels,” one is immediately intrigued by the implications this may have for the political recruitment opportunities of ethnic minorities in these regions. Does it mean that native, non-European minorities have better chances to become party members because Europeans are reluctant to move there? Or, conversely, does it mean that Europeans, because of their higher levels of education, tend therefore to displace the non-Europeans? Is there evidence of any sort of “affirmative action” on behalf of ethnic minorities in Siberia insofar as recruitment into the party, and concurrently access to the better jobs, is concerned?

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KARAKTERISTIK BUDAYA KOMUNIKASI POLITIK ELITE MUHAMMADIYAH

Al Amin: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu dan Budaya Islam ◽

10.36670/alamin.v1i1.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 99-122

Author(s):

Pia Khoirotun Nisa

Keyword(s):

Political Participation ◽

Political Culture ◽

Political Communication ◽

Political System ◽

Political Socialization ◽

Political Elite ◽

The Political ◽

The Public ◽

Political Recruitment

Muhammadiyah is one of the elements from the public room of Indonesia, it accepts amount of political policies from the power of nation and responses them as the tradition of its organization. The special characteristic of organization determines political communication that is used. In doing political communication, the political elite of Muhammadiyah has to be able to play very important role in a political system because it becomes determined part from the process of political socialization, political culture, political participation and political recruitment.

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JEJAK DAKWAH PARTAI KEADILAN SEJAHTERA (PKS) MEMASUKI MUHAMMADIYAH: Mencermati Kasus di Yogyakarta sebagai Fenomena Politik Dakwah

Jurnal Sosiologi Agama ◽

10.14421/jsa.2019.132-08 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

Nur Wahid

Keyword(s):

Social Organization ◽

Political Party ◽

Political Socialization ◽

The Political ◽

Social Functions ◽

Political Sphere ◽

Organizational Mechanism ◽

Political Recruitment ◽

Political Conditions

Sebagai kelompok yang memiliki struktur, anggota, mekanisme organisasi serta fungsi-fungsi politik dan sosial keagamaan, Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) maupun Muhammadiyah membawa kepentingan misi dan dakwah masing-masing. PKS sebagai partai politik, fungsi-fungsi politik di antaranya berupa artikulasi kepentingan, sosialisasi politik, dan rekrutmen politik. Dibandingkan dengan Muhammadiyah sebagai organisasi sosial keagamaan, fungsi-fungsi politik Muhammadiyah muncul sebagai bentuk respon terhadap kondisi perpolitikan yang tengah terjadi, sebagai bentuk arahan, pengelolaan, secara struktural organisasional terhadap anggota, amal usaha yang dimiliki serta jamaah Muhammadiyah. Dalam ranah politik keduanya berbeda. Dalam ranah dakwah keduanya berhimpitan. Belakangan politik dakwah melalui kelompok Tarbiyah-PKS memasuki Muhammadiyah seperti kasus yang terjadi di Yogyakarta. Topik bahasan tulisan ini akan mencermati dakwah kelompok Tarbiyah- PKS yang merangsek masuk ke dalam Muhammadiyah. Kasus yang terjadi dipahami sebagai gambaran dari fenomena politik dakwah PKS.Kata Kunci: Politik Dakwah, Tarbiyah-PKS, MuhammadiyahAs a group that has a structure, members, organizational mechanism and religious political and social functions, the Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) and Muhammadiyah carry their respective mission and missionary interests. PKS as a political party, political functions include the articulation of interests, political socialization, and political recruitment. Compared to Muhammadiyah as a religious social organization, Muhammadiyah’s political functions emerged as a form of response to the political conditions that were happening, as a form of direction, management, structurally organizational towards members, business charities owned and congregations of Muhammadiyah. In the political sphere they are different. In the realm of da’wah both coincide. Later the propaganda politics through the Tarbiyah-PKS group entered Muhammadiyah as was the case in Yogyakarta. The topic of this article will look at the da’wah mission of the Tarbiyah-PKS group that pushed into Muhammadiyah. The case that occurred was understood as a picture of the political phenomenon of PKS propaganda.Keywords: Political Da’wah, Tarbiyah-PKS, Muhammadiyah

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