scholarly journals Determining Soil Moisture Content and Material Properties with Dynamic Cone Penetrometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 136-159
Author(s):  
Juha Latvala ◽  
Heikki Luomala ◽  
Pauli Kolisoja
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Impact

This study utilised static triaxial and dynamic cone penetration tests to examine the identification of changes in strength in soil materials as a result of an increase in moisture content. The applicability of a light dynamic cone penetrometer device in railway environments was also studied. On a broader scale, the aim was to find an investigation method suited to field locations that identify low-quality or persistently moist materials directly from the structure. The triaxial tests found an apparent increase in shear strength when the water content dropped below 7%. Based on the series of laboratory tests, the dynamic cone penetrometer reacted strongly to material density, but the impact of moisture content was also evident. Furthermore, the results showed that dynamic cone resistance is a reasonably unfeasible metric for assessing the structural quality of materials consisting primarily of sand, due to the number of factors affecting the resistance. In the laboratory tests, the lowest dynamic cone resistances were measured in the material with the highest structural quality.

Impact of climatic conditions on the parameters of failure flow of military vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110202
Author(s):  
Nikolaj Dobrzinskij ◽  
Algimantas Fedaravicius ◽  
Kestutis Pilkauskas ◽  
Egidijus Slizys
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Military Vehicles ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Impact

Relevance of the article is based on participation of armed forces in various operations and exercises, where reliability of machinery is one of the most important factors. Transportation of soldiers as well as completion of variety of tasks is ensured by properly functioning technical equipment. Reliability of military vehicles – armoured SISU E13TP Finnish built and HMMWV M1025 USA built were selected as the object of the article. Impact of climatic conditions on reliability of the vehicles exploited in southwestern part of the Atlantic continental forest area is researched by a case study of the vehicles exploitation under conditions of the climate of Lithuania. Reliability of military vehicles depends on a number of factors such as properties of the vehicles and external conditions of their operation. Their systems and mechanisms are influenced by a number of factors that cause different failures. Climatic conditions represent one of the factors of operating load which is directly dependent on the climate zone. Therefore, assessment of the reliability is started with the analysis of climatic factors affecting operating conditions of the vehicles. Relationship between the impact of climatic factors and failure flow of the vehicles is presented and discussed.

scholarly journals The Determinants Of Population Health Spatial Disparities

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Modranka ◽  
Jadwiga Suchecka
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Spatial Disparities ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Impact

Health of the population is one of the basic factors of social development. The results of empirical studies indicate a number of factors determining the level of health of the population related to access to health care services, the level of environmental pollution and the wealth of society. It must be assumed that the observed disparities in the health depend on distributions of particular determinants. The aim of the article is to assess the significance of the main factors affecting the occurrence of spatial disparities in the level of social development districts NTS-4 in terms of health of the population. The analysis was based on estimates of the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) which takes into account the impact of neighborhood spatial units on level of dependent variable and the explanatory variables. The size of the level of social development in terms of health of the population in the study was approximate by the aggregate value of the index, which is the local component of the Local Human Development Index LHDI.

scholarly journals Anthocyanins: Factors Affecting Their Stability and Degradation

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1967
Author(s):  
Bianca Enaru ◽  
Georgiana Drețcanu ◽  
Teodora Daria Pop ◽  
Andreea Stǎnilǎ ◽  
Zorița Diaconeasa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Color Palette ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Phenolic Group ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites and water-soluble pigments belonging to the phenolic group, with important functions in nature such as seed dispersal, pollination and development of plant organs. In addition to these important roles in plant life, anthocyanins are also used as natural pigments in various industries, due to the color palette they can produce from red to blue and purple. In addition, recent research has reported that anthocyanins have important antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which can be used in the chemoprevention of various diseases such as diabetes, obesity and even cancer. However, anthocyanins have a major disadvantage, namely their low stability. Thus, their stability is influenced by a number of factors such as pH, light, temperature, co-pigmentation, sulfites, ascorbic acid, oxygen and enzymes. As such, this review aims at summarizing the effects of these factors on the stability of anthocyanins and their degradation. From this point of view, it is very important to be precisely aware of the impact that each parameter has on the stability of anthocyanins, in order to minimize their negative action and subsequently potentiate their beneficial health effects.

Application of Dynamic Cone Penetrometer in Pavement Construction Control

2005 ◽  
Vol 1913 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Y. Abu-Farsakh ◽  
Munir D. Nazzal ◽  
Khalid Alshibli ◽  
Ekram Seyman
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Quality Assurance Procedure ◽  
Plate Load Test ◽  
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
Transportation Research ◽  
Falling Weight

A comprehensive testing program was conducted to evaluate the potential use of the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) in the quality control–quality assurance procedure during the construction of pavement layers and embankments. The laboratory tests were conducted on different materials prepared inside two test boxes measuring 1.5 m x 0.9 m x 0.9 m (5 ft x 3 ft x 3 ft) located at the Louisiana Transportation Research Center (LTRC). The field tests were performed on different highway sections in Louisiana. In addition, nine test sections were constructed and tested at the pavement research facility site of the LTRC. In all laboratory and field tests, DCP tests were carried out in conjunction with the plate load test (PLT). Also, falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests were carried out on the field sections. California bearing ratio (CBR) laboratory tests were performed on samples collected from the tested sections. Regression analysis was carried out on the collected data to correlate the DCP penetration rate with the three reference tests used in this study (PLT, FWD, and CBR). Further field tests were conducted to verify the developed regression models. The results showed that the developed models yielded good predictions of the measured FWD moduli and CBR values. This suggests that these models can be used reliably to evaluate the stiffness and strength of pavement materials.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE STABILITY OF THE VEHICLE WHEN DRIVING ON CURVED LINES

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Georgi Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Movement

To ensure safety during vehicle movement, it is necessary to take into account the magnitude of the impact of a number of factors. One of the important elements to be taken into consideration is the stability of the vehicles while driving. The factor is particularly important when driving cars on a curved path, whereby the forces acting on motor vehicles are reallocated and influence their stability. In the report, a theoretical study was made on the factors and the power balance in different states of movement of the means of transport.

A discussion on deformation of solids by the impact of liquids, and its relation to rain damage in aircraft and missiles, to blade erosion in steam turbines, and to cavitation erosion - Practical aspects of cavitation

1966 ◽  
Vol 260 (1110) ◽  
pp. 267-294 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Cavitation Erosion ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Drop Impact ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Threshold Velocity ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Drop Impact Test ◽  
The Impact

Damage produced by cavitation under field conditions can be a serious problem. The main causes of this damage and its characteristics are discussed briefly and possible remedial measures are examined. Accelerated laboratory tests are found to play an important part in cavitation erosion research, but interpretation of results needs care. Most past investigators have tended to treat cavitation damage and droplet erosion as unrelated phenomena and only qualitative correlations between the respective simulated tests have been possible. This paper presents an attempt to correlate quantitatively the results of three different erosion tests. A broad correlation between results of the drop impact erosion and constricted tube cavitation tests shows general agreement. A more detailed, but restricted, correlation has been obtained between results of drop impact and vibratory cavitation erosion tests. In both correlations, however, there is evidence of some discrepancies between corrodible and incorrodible materials. A number of factors which govern the rate of damage in the various laboratory tests are of interest. In particular, in the drop impact test the velocity of collision and the jet diameter are shown to have significant effects. There is a marked similarity between the behaviour of materials in this test and in fatigue tests and also evidence of a threshold velocity below which measurable damage ceases. The other laboratory tests were found to have their own particular controlling parameters, but the general phenomenon of cavitation erosion is more complex and is not discussed in detail. By conducting comparative tests under reproducible conditions it has been possible to classify a variety of new and traditional materials in order of relative erosion resistance and thus provide some guide to their selection for service. While the results add to the evidence that hardness is the major attribute controlling erosion resistance other properties such as ductility, elasticity and fatigue strength are seen to be significant.

scholarly journals An NMR Metabolomics Approach to Investigate Factors Affecting the Yoghurt Fermentation Process and Quality

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Alessia Trimigno ◽  
Christian Bøge Lyndgaard ◽  
Guðrún Anna Atladóttir ◽  
Violetta Aru ◽  
Søren Balling Engelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nmr Metabolomics ◽  
Milk Fermentation ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

A great number of factors can influence milk fermentation for yoghurt production such as fermentation conditions, starter cultures and milk characteristics. It is important for dairy companies to know the best combinations of these parameters for a controlled fermentation and for the desired qualities of yoghurt. This study investigates the use of a 1H-NMR metabolomics approach to monitor the changes in milk during fermentation from time 0 to 24 h, taking samples every hour in the first 8 h and then at the end-point at 24 h. Three different starter cultures (L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus and their combination) were used and two different heat treatments (99 or 105 °C) were applied to milk. The results clearly show the breakdown of proteins and lactose as well as the concomitant increase in acetate, lactate and citrate during fermentation. Formate is found at different initial concentrations depending on the heat treatment of the milk and its different time trajectory depends on the starter cultures: Lactobacillus cannot produce formate, but needs it for growth, whilst Streptococcus is able to produce formate from pyruvate, therefore promoting the symbiotic relationship between the two strains. On the other hand, Lactobacillus can hydrolyze milk proteins into amino acids, enriching the quality of the final product. In this way, better insight into the protocooperation of lactic acid bacteria strains and information on the impact of a greater heat treatment in the initial matrix were obtained. The global chemical view on the fermentations provided using NMR is key information for yoghurt producers and companies producing starter cultures.

Study on Influence Factors of High Temperature and Water Stability of Stone Matrix Asphalt

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 1014-1020
Author(s):  
Van Thanh Dang ◽  
Pei Feng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Stone Matrix Asphalt ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stone Matrix

There are a number of factors affecting on the high temperature and water stability of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA). However, under a concrete condition of traffic, climate and construction, together with reliable raw materials, the proportion of various raw materials are the main factors. SMA-16 is taken as an example, by using the Rutting test, Residential stability test and Freezing–thaw cycling test for analysing the impact of the modified asphalt, fiber and mineral filler proportion on SMA. The result shows that these three factors significantly impacted on the high temperature and water stability of SMA with the optimal values of 6.0-6.2%, 0.31% and 10-11%, respectively.

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