scholarly journals Arms manufacture in Pre-Petrine Russia within the Russian historiography

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-129
Author(s):  
Timofei Vladimirovich Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Production Capacities

The subject of this article is the assessment of the history of establishment and development of arms manufacture in Russia in the period up to the end of the XVII century given by the Russian researchers. The purpose goal consists in conducting a historiographical analysis of the works of domestic researchers of pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet periods on the problem, and in formation of the general idea on the emergence of one of the critical branches of military industry in pre-revolutionary Russia. The author explores the initial period of firearms manufacturing in Russia and its geography; emergence and functioning of the Tula and Moscow arms factories in the XVI – XVII centuries; impact of the emerged in the XVII century blast-furnace hydraulic metallurgical plants and specialized arms manufacturing enterprises upon the development of the industry. The novelty consists in giving a new perspective within the domestic historiography on the problem of the initial stage of the history of arms manufacture in Russia. The article follows the evolution of arms industry at its initial stage, the regularities of existence of various forms of production organization and formation of centers of firearms manufacture. It is concluded that by the end of the period under review, the arms production capacities did not meet the actual needs of the Russian armed forces for firearms. The author makes recommendation on filling the gaps that exist in the history of arms manufacture in Pre-Petrine Russia.

scholarly journals Serving Tatars in the frontier development of Western Siberia in the XVII century

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Zaytuna Aptrashitovna Tychinskikh
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Frontier Development ◽  
The Military

This article analyzes the poorly studied in Russian historiography question of the role of serving Tatars in the process of addition and development of Western Siberia. The object of this research is the Siberian serving Tatars “Yomışlı Tatarlar” as a special group of serving people. The subject of this research is the contribution of the serving Tatars to the frontier development of Siberia in the XVII century. Based on the previously elaborated methodology - the phase of development of the Siberian frontier, the author highlights the point and transitional stages characteristic to the initial period of colonization. It is noted that at these stages, the consolidation strategy for the recently annexed territories was the erection of fortresses as the benchmarks. The author provides various evidence to prove the significance of contribution of serving Tatars to the military and economic development of Siberian territories at the early stages of the frontier. Records on the number of serving Tatars in the garrisons of the first Russian cities during the XVII century, which demonstrate that their share of in the initial period of frontier development of Western Siberia comprised approximately one third of the military staff, are of special importance. Leaning on different types of sources, the article describes active participation of serving Tatars in construction of Russian fortresses and development of attached territories. The novelty of this research lies in the formulated conclusions that broaden the knowledge on the history of serving population in this period, and give a new perspective upon the role of serving Tatars “Yomışlı Tatarlar” in the process of colonization of Western Siberia.

Strategy of the White Army on the Southern Front in A. I. Denikin’s ‘Defamation of the White Movement’

2018 ◽  
pp. 260-272
Author(s):  
Konstantin N. Kurkov ◽  
◽  
Alexander V. Melnichuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern Russia

The article studies A. I. Denikin's interpretation of military strategic issues of the Civil War in the South of Russia as presented in his manuscript ‘Defamation of the White Movement,’ which is being introduced into scientific use by the authors. It analyses military aspects of A. I. Denikin’s activities, which had been widely debated by the White emigration. One of the main issues in studying the history of the Civil War is formation and battles of the Volunteer Army at the initial stage of the Civil War, strategy of its commanders, and causes of its subsequent defeat and retreat. In his work A. I. Denikin addressed such important issues as strategy of the White leaders when the Movement emerged and the Volunteer Army was formed and later transformed into the Armed Forces of South Russia. He pointed out reasons behind selection of the direction of attack during the First Kuban Campaign, among them expectations of the Don Cossacks uprising. He assessed the validity of assumption that German occupation forces might have supported Bolsheviks. This last point was particularly significant, as German command did not want a revival of independent Russian national armed forces, and wished to prevent the creation of a United White Front against Bolsheviks, their proteges and allies. Offensive in the direction of Kuban aimed to access the Black Sea coast, where the White army could secure much-needed assistance of the Entente. In the South of Russia, on the Don and the Kuban, there was much opposition to the Russian communism and manpower needed by and ultimately supporting Denikin’s army. Finally, A. I. Denikin devoted some (although insufficient) pages to the famous Moscow Campaign, which holds its special place in the history of the Civil War in the South of Russia. The authors compare content of A. I. Denikin’s work with data on main strategic operations of the armed forces of Southern Russia available to contemporary historical science. They argue that A. I. Denikin convincingly refuted erroneous conclusions and speculation of his opponents, widespread in the Russian emigre community. Accurate and succinct characterization of the events, given from the perspective of an eyewitness and an active participant, makes up the bulk of the ‘Defamation of the White Movement,’ which may be of interest not only to scholars, but to all interested in the national history.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL CONDITIONS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE EARLY STAGES OF FORMATION OF THE UKRAINIAN STATEHOOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
А. В. Баско
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Key Aspects

The article is devoted to the study of historical processes of formation and development of local self-government in the early stages of formation of Ukrainian statehood. The author singles out nine main periods of formation and development of local self-government in Ukraine: the pre-state period from the time of the emergence of tribal unions to the formation of Kievan Rus (up to the ninth century); early feudal period (IX century - XIV century); the period of medieval Europeanization (XIV century - XVII century); the period of Cossack statehood (XVII century - XVIII centuries); period of imperial centralization (XVIII century - early XX century); the period of restoration of Ukrainian statehood (1917–1920); the period of Soviet centralization (1920-1991); the initial period of building an independent Ukrainian state (1991-2014); the modern period of development of the independent Ukrainian state (since 2014). The article substantiates the thesis that the key aspects of modern understanding of the essence and legal nature of local self-government were formed in the early stages of Ukrainian statehood. In particular, the ancient Russian origin has the definition of the local community as the original bearer of local self-government, while the idea of the system of local self-government and their organizational, legal and financial independence comes from the medieval Magdeburg law. The period of Cossack statehood laid the foundations for the inviolability of the principle of democracy in the activities of local governments. It is concluded that the emergence of local self-government is a universal phenomenon, and self-governing structures of local government are inherent in almost all peoples and nations, but specific forms of local self-government have national specifics, formed as a result of centuries of historical development. In the history of formation and development of Ukrainian local self-government it is appropriate to distinguish nine main periods, starting from the pre-state period of tribal alliances and ending with the modern period of building an independent Ukrainian state, characterized by active decentralization of state power.

scholarly journals The role of combat aircrafts of the Air and Space Force of the Russian Federation during the firts three weeks of military intervention in Syria 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Leszek Pawlikowicz
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military

The Russian intervention in Syria has been the first act of a considerable scale since 1991 of a direct involvement of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in a military conflict on a territory not included in the former Soviet Union. At the same time, it became the first operation in the history of the Russian Federation (and formerly the USSR) in which a leading role – both in the composition of the military contingent addressed there, as well as in relation to the results of actions – played the air force. This publication focuses on the genesis and the different phases of the engagement of combat aircraft of the mentioned type of armed forces in the initial stage of Russian intervention, as well as an attempt to assess the reasons for the exceptional effectiveness of the operation on the course of the entire war.

SEJARAH KONFLIK KEBANGKITAN ISLAM DI MINANGKABAU: Sebuah Tinjauan Awal Terhadap Proses Kemunculannya

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Ihsan Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Correct Understanding

This article in principle wants to examine the history of the emergence of the conflict of Islamic revival in Minangkabau starting from the Paderi Movement to the Youth in Minangkabau. Especially in the initial period, namely the Padri movement, there was a tragedy of violence (radicalism) that accompanied it. This study becomes important, because after all the reformation of Islam began to be realized by reforming human life in the world. Both in terms of thought with the effort to restore the correct understanding of religion as it should, from the side of the practice of religion, namely by reforming deviant practices and adapted to the instructions of the religious texts (al-Qur'an and sunnah), and also from the side of strengthening power religion. In this case the research will be directed to the efforts of renewal by the Padri to the Youth towards the Islamic community in Minangkabau. To discuss this problem used historical research methods. Through this method, it is tested and analyzed critically the records and relics of the past. In analyzing the data in this research basically used approach or interactive analysis model by Miles and Huberman. In this analysis model, the three components of the analysis are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification, the activity is carried out in an interactive form with the process of collecting data as a process that continues, repeats, and continues to form acycle.

Divination and Human Nature

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Struck
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Observable Fact

This book casts a new perspective on the rich tradition of ancient divination—the reading of divine signs in oracles, omens, and dreams. Popular attitudes during classical antiquity saw these readings as signs from the gods while modern scholars have treated such beliefs as primitive superstitions. The book reveals instead that such phenomena provoked an entirely different accounting from the ancient philosophers. These philosophers produced subtle studies into what was an odd but observable fact—that humans could sometimes have uncanny insights—and their work signifies an early chapter in the cognitive history of intuition. Examining the writings of Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, and the Neoplatonists, the book demonstrates that they all observed how, setting aside the charlatans and swindlers, some people had premonitions defying the typical bounds of rationality. Given the wide differences among these ancient thinkers, the book notes that they converged on seeing this surplus insight as an artifact of human nature, projections produced under specific conditions by our physiology. For the philosophers, such unexplained insights invited a speculative search for an alternative and more naturalistic system of cognition. Recovering a lost piece of an ancient tradition, this book illustrates how philosophers of the classical era interpreted the phenomena of divination as a practice closer to intuition and instinct than magic.

ACHIEVEMENT OF SINGAPORE'S INDEPENDENCE AND DIFFICULTIES ON THE INITIAL PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Ilyas Shakirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Given

In the article considered events between 1945-1965 years in Singapore. On the ground of historical sources author of the given article learned the history of gaining independence by Singapore, as well, difficulties country carried out over 20 years

Award documents of the CheKa functionary E. G. Evdokimov as a source on the history of All-Ukrainian Extraordinary Commission and Red Terror in Crimea in 1920–1921

2018 ◽  
pp. 201-214
Author(s):  
Andrei Ganin
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
Commander In Chief

The article analyzes the award documents of the head of the Special Department of all-Ukrainian CheKa E. G. Evdokimov as a source on the history of Red Terror in Crimea in 1920–1921 and in relation to the activities of Ukrainian CheKa officers. To date, these materials are the only known departmental evidence of the scale of the Crimean executions. In addition, of interest is the perception of these events by the commander-in-chief of all armed forces of Ukraine and Crimea M.V. Frunze, who left two resolutions on the documents.

Iconostasis of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Nakonechne village - the most complete iconostasis ensemble of the XVI century

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Mariia Helytovych
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
Blessed Virgin Mary ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The article contains an analysis of the iconostasis of the Assumption of Mary Church located in the vil. Nakonechne (Yavoriv district, Lviv region), which represents the most fully preserved iconostasis ensemble of the XVI century. For the first time, its reconstruction was completed taking into account all saved icons. The article deals with stylistic, iconographic and artistic features of this ensemble, as well as its connection with other iconostases of that time. More precisely, the dating of the monument is argued. In the article, the author suggests to consider an ensemble from Nakonechne as a phenomenon in the history of Ukrainian icon painting, which reflected the most characteristic tendencies that took place in the painting of the second half of the XVI century. The author traces his influence on the iconography of the end of the XVI – the beginning of the XVII century

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