scholarly journals Architectonic method in studying the culture of Yakutia

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Iya Volodarovna Pokatilova ◽  
Aleksandra Petrovna Yadreeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Research ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Soviet Culture ◽  
Cultural Integrity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Universal Nature

The subject of this article is the artistic culture of Yakutsk. Among a wide variety of regional, historical, sociological and economic research dedicated to the history of Yakutsk, very few works of culturological nature. In the early XXI century, one of the relevant methods of historical culturology becomes the architectonic method developed by I. V. Kondakov (1998). Proposed by the author architectonics of the Russian culture consists of the two-stage mechanism of cycles: 1) cumulation/divergence; 2) selection/convergence, which is of universal nature. The relevance of this research is substantiate by insufficient examination of artistic culture of Yakutia as a whole. The purpose of the article is to use the architectonic method of studying the culture of Yakutia, using the example of the city of Yakutsk. The novelty of the research shows the effectiveness of using the architectonic method in studying the culture of Yakutia. At the cumulative stage of the XVII – XIX centuries, the architectonics of culture of Yakutsk represents a semantic core of cultural integrity. At the divergent stage (late XIX – early XX centuries) this core is being divided, gradually losing its integrity. The beginning of the XX century marks the synthesizing level, stage of enlightenment of the Yakut culture, concentrated in Yakutsk. The selective level (1920s – middle of 1980s) is oriented towards achieving cultural integrity and civilizational identity through coercion and selection around the values of the Soviet culture. The convergent level suggests conditional synthesis (1990s – 2020), one of its components in “reinterpretation and modernization of the archaic”, taking conventional and game character.

scholarly journals On the Issue of Creating a Russian Agent Network in Shanghai at the Beginning of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Drobotushenko Evgeny V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City

The history of the creation of the agent network of the Russian Empire has not found comprehensive coverage in scientific publications so far. The existing research referred to specific names or mention private facts. This predetermined the relevance of the work. The object of the study is the Russian agents in China in general and in Chinese Shanghai, in particular. The subject is the study of peculiarities of the first attempts in creating Russian agent network in the city. The aim of the work is to analyze the attempt to create a network of Russian illegal agents in Shanghai in 1906–1908. The lack of materials on the problem in scientific and popular scientific publications predetermined the use of previously unknown or little-known archival sources. This is the correspondence of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Russian Imperial envoy in Beijing and the Russian Consul in Shanghai stored in the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation (SARF). The main conclusion of the study was the remark about the lack of scientific elaboration, at the moment, the history of official, legal and illegal agents of the Russian Empire in Shanghai, China. Private findings suggest that, judging by the available data, creation of a serious network of agents in the city during the Russian Empire failed. The reasons for this, presumably, were several: the lack of qualified agents with knowledge of Chinese or, at least, English, who could work effectively; the lack of funds for the maintenance of agents, a small number of Russian citizens, the remoteness of Shanghai from the Russian-Chinese border, etc. A network of agents will be created in the city by the Soviet authorities by the middle of the third decade of the 20th century, and Soviet illegal agents began to work in the early 1920s. The History of Soviet agents in China and Shanghai, in particular, is studied quite well which cannot be said about the previous period. It is obvious that further serious work with archival sources is required to recreate as complete as possible the history of Russian legal and illegal agents in Shanghai in pre-Soviet times

scholarly journals Historia jednego motywu – rzecz o związkach biżuterii z architekturą

2017 ◽  
pp. 221-249
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Wrześniak
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
European Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Marital Union

The hereby text is a short study on the relationship between architecture and jewellery. In the first part, it presents the history of occurrence of architectural forms in jewellery from antiquity to present day in the European culture. The second part delivers the examples of contemporary artefacts, particularly rings with microarchitecture. The analysis of the collected examples proves that architecture – its form, construction and detail − is a motive of decoration willingly used in jewellery design, often of a symbolic meaning related to the household or the temple (wedding rings, ritual rings). Nowadays, especially in the 21st century, microarchitecture in jewellery often emerges with reference to the place of origin, i.e. the famous building being, most frequently, the commemoration of a journey, able to bring back the memory of a visited city. The architectural jewellery, whose meanings and functions are the subject of the hereby study, has undergone many transformations throughout history. Even though it has transitioned from simple to complicated and decorative forms, from precious and rare to cheap and popular objects of mass production presenting the miniature replicas of buildings, the jewellery nearly always symbolises the city. Much less often the jewellery design occurs with reference to the metaphorical meanings of buildings as a representation of permanency (the tower in Alessandro Dari’s jewellery) or marital union (the house and the temple in Jewish rings).

scholarly journals THE FIRST OPERA OF THE TURKISH WORLD "LEYLI AND MAJNUN’’

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-320
Author(s):  
Ömer TÜRKMENOĞLU ◽  
Zümra AZİZOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Western Music ◽  
Tonal Structure ◽  
Music And Literature ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

The Turkish world's opera history gave its first example in 1908 with the opera "Leyli and Majnun" by Azerbaijani composer Üzeyir Hacıbeyli. According to many sources, "Leyli and Majnun" is described as the first opera of the Turkish world and the Islamic world, and the east. The most important feature of this opera is the masterful synthesis of classical western music and folk music. The opera, which was composed for the first time in this way, influenced the east with its staging and ensured that the art of opera was adopted by the public. The great composer Uzeyir Hajibeyli was born in the city of Shusha in Azerbaijan, which was developed in the field of literature and music and called the "natural conservatory." He developed his existing talent here and built it on solid foundations. He was interested in music and literature, wrote many books, articles, and was a writer for newspapers. The subject of the opera Leyli and Majnun is taken from Fuzuli's "Leyli and Majnun" poetry of the same name. At the age of 13, the composer decided to write this opera, influenced by the theater show "At the tomb of Majnun Leyli'' which he watched in Shusha, his home city. He started working on opera in 1907 when he was only 22 years old. By bringing a different perspective to opera, he used the tonal structure of western music with 'mugham,' also known as Azerbaijani folk music. This type of opera is also called "Mugam Opera.'' The opera, which was composed and performed despite the conditions of the period, preserved its originality by combining two cultures and was performed many times in other countries. Operas from the Turkish world are rarely staged in our country, and there is a need for such an article because the opera "Leyli and Majnun" has not been staged much in Turkey and there are very few theses, articles, and books about it. In this study; Different titles have been created such as the history of Azerbaijan opera, the life of Uzeyir Hajibeyli, the composer's process of creating the opera, and the content of the opera Leyli and Majnun. Keywords: Leyli and Majnun, Uzeyir Hajibeyli, Turkish World, Opera

Tumults and the Birth of Florence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Raimondi
Keyword(s):  
Political Instability ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

This chapter focuses on the subject of the free or servile beginnings of Florence, and analyses the path taken by Machiavelli in the Discourses and the Histories. Despite historical appearances, which showed Florence to be totally servile and thus condemned to not being free, Machiavelli’s analysis demonstrates that the city was constructed by people who were partly servile and partly free, and its virtue expressed itself in the struggles against fortune, even if they generated political instability. The comparison between tumults that made Rome great and struggles that characterized the history of Florence was used by Machiavelli to distinguish between the different situations of the two cities and to show that Florence should not imitate the constitution of Rome but instead create its own way of exploiting the virtue generated by its own struggles.

scholarly journals Fault Lines, Racial and Aesthetic: The National Arts Festival at Grahamstown

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-337
Author(s):  
BRYAN SCHMIDT
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Street Performance ◽  
Arts Festival ◽  
Fault Lines ◽  
The City ◽  
Civic Space

This article asks how theatre shapes civic space by examining the emergence of racial divides in the city of Grahamstown, South Africa, during the annual National Arts Festival (NAF). I track how decision making by festival organizers has relied on economic research and implicit artistic preferences that have resulted in the steady exclusion of artists from local townships. I argue that the presence of the NAF in Grahamstown creates fault lines that are not physical, but aesthetic, in nature, creating invisible boundaries that reward stage performances at the expense of street performances. I track a history of street performance at the NAF, with particular attention to its local mime tradition, to demonstrate how this axis of festivity was integral to developing the NAF's cultural cachet, but was systematically managed, policed or appropriated to fit organizers’ image for Grahamstown at festival time. This work troubles aspirational narratives of creative and cultural industries that South Africa and other African countries have come to rely upon as inclusive and sustainable routes of economic development.

THE REPRESENTATION OF THE FIELD CAMP IN SOVIET PAINTING OF 1960S – 1970S

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Olga V. Bezzubova ◽  
◽  
Polina A. Dvoynikova ◽  
Aleksey V. Smirnov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Semiotic System ◽  
Soviet Culture ◽  
Soviet People ◽  
System A ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1960S

The article addresses the pictorial representation of the so-called “field camp” in Soviet realist painting. A field camp is a temporary site equipped for providing meals and recreation to agrarian workers and situated as close to the place of their labor activity as it possible, i.e. directly in a field. Pictures representing the field camp portray Soviet people, workers, in the process of their creative labor for the sake of socialism, which allows us to treat this type of painting as an example of Socialist realism. Amongst the multiple subjects concerning the labor activity of Soviet people, the pictorial representation of the field camp as a space of work and recreation is of interest, because it reflects the specific to Soviet culture views on the role and value of agrarian labor. Our study has pursued two main purposes: - to demonstrate the symbolical value of the field camp pictorial representation and its influence on the development of Socialist realist painting in general; - to reveal a semiotic system (a system of visual images – the signifiers) which enables pictures representing the field camp to function efficiently in Soviet painting. In the course of the study we have also accomplished several additional tasks: - to outline the history of the subject under consideration in Soviet painting; - to interpret shifts in the representation of the subject in order to reveal their connection with the transformation of artistic strategies and ideological discourse. The study addresses some new issues. Soviet painting representing agrarian labor has never been considered in cultural studies. From such a perspective, Socialist realist painting is significant as a historical source for studying Soviet culture and ideology. The analysis of a range of images representing the field camp demonstrates that having emerged in the 1930-s the pictorial representation of agrarian labor became one of the most popular subjects in the 1960s – 1970s. Such pictures make evident the essential difference between the socialist agrarian labor and the traditional farming. The field camp represents the meal of a working team, thereby manifesting the new form of social and labor relationships. The representation of the field camp acquired the following significant features: - the agrarian worker is portrayed in a new manner; - agrarian labor reflects the harmony of people and nature; - agrarian labor is depicted as the space of social harmony. We have also identified a variety of semiotic structures, which serve to express these specific features. These are the groups of signifiers representing gender relationships, opposition of “natural” and “technical”, dialectics of “individual” and “collective”, continuity of labor and domestic activities.

Man Eats Dogs: The Hot Dog Stands of Chicago

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
bruce kraig
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Hot Dog ◽  
Corporate Business ◽  
The City

Man Eats Dog Sometimes a hot dog is more than just a fast food, and the stands from which they are served in Chicago are more than simply corporate feeding places. Created by European immigrants in the Nineteenth Century and elaborated by succeeding generations, the subject of many jokes including the name itself, the hot dog represents a social and cultural history of America. Nowhere are these themes better seen than in Chicago’s hot dog stands and in the wonderful vernacular art decorating them. Stands define urban, ethnic neighborhoods, a mosaic of small communities that together compose the portrait of the city. These small places are the realms of small entrepreneurs who live seemingly untouched by the culture of modern corporate business. The art upon them embody these older, homier themes—retreat into memory, abundance, the imagined world of carnevale, and many others. To Chicagoans, hot dog stands, local eateries in general, reify the life of their hometown.

The Tears of Marcellus: History of a Literary Motif in Livy

2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreola Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Ab Urbe Condita ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Fall Of Rome ◽  
The City

In a recent article Christina Kraus shows how Livy, in the first decade, creates an overlap between the text that he is writing and the subject he is writing about: the city of Rome.1 ‘Like the city it describes and constitutes, then, the Ab urbe condita is a growing physical object through which the writer and the reader move together’ she observes. As a result the foundation and fall of the city, the two most dynamic moments of this space-entity, create parallel junctures both in the development of the city and in the development of the text. Kraus offers an apposite example. In book 5 of Ab urbecondita, Rome comes close to disaster not once but twice. The exordium of book 6, the beginning of the new pentad, refounds both the city and its history, creating a perfect analogy between the text and the city. Most importantly, by means of assimilation to other cities that have endured a similar fate, Livy is able to shape further the significance of the event. By construing the near fall of Rome in book 5 through the filter of the fall of Troy, Rome at the end of the first pentad symbolically moves beyond its Trojan past and refounds itself for good.

scholarly journals Roman Catholic women's religious congregations in Świebodzice. Grey Nuns from Marienstrasse 11 (1866-1945)

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Jacek Ziaja
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Religious Institution ◽  
World War ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Grey Nuns ◽  
Post War ◽  
The City

The article is a very modest reason for the history of the religious house of the Congregation of the Grey Sisters of St. Elizabeth in Świebodzice during the years 1866-1945. The author briefly describes the origins of the order, as well as the circumstan-ces of the appearance of the sisters and the location of the religious institution in the city based on cartographic material (map) and iconographic (photos, old postcards). He goes on to mention the subject matter of Elizabethan activities. In addition, it reconstructs the personnel of the religious house during the 1930s in the light of the data contained in the pre-war address books (residents) of the city. Finally, he briefly discusses the history of the religious house during World War II (1939-1945), as well as the tragic post-war fate of individual sisters based on private arrangements.

scholarly journals Rhetorical model of communication in the composition of ancient Russian book “A Word of a Some Monk about Reading Books”

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-340
Author(s):  
Valeria V. Ilyicheva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Communicative Context ◽  
Rhetorical Model

The article is devoted to the foundation of the rhetorical model of communication in the text of an unknown author A Word of a Some Monk about Reading Books, included in one of the most ancient collections of manuscripts Izbornik of the year 1076, in the plan of its specification concerning communication. In the communicative direction, the subject of this rhetorical model is the communicative-rhetorical activity of man as a subject acting by a word, and the reader to whom the influence of the Word is directed. The main components of the rhetorical model of communication are analyzed: communicative context, authors image, audience image, situationally oriented, rhetorically processed text. This is the first essay in the history of Russian culture about the benefits, methods and purposes of reading. A feature of the writing of the text in the Word is the reinvention of the Holy Scripture by the author in the presence of non-canonical motifs, the predominance of practical over theoretical.

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