scholarly journals The stream power variation in a GIS environment as an index to evaluate the most 'sensitive' points of a river

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi De Rosa ◽  
Corrado Cencetti ◽  
Andrea Fredduzzi
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
Time Rate ◽  
Liquid Discharge ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Solid Transport ◽  
Gis Environment

The note deals with the problem of measurement and variability, along the fluvial reaches of a hydrographic network, of the stream power, according to the original definition provided by Bagnold (1966) “The available power supply, or time rate of energy supply, to unit lenght of a stream is clearly the time rate of liberation in kinetic form of the liquid’s potential energy as it descends the gravity slope S”. In formula: Ω = ρ g Q S where: Ω = stream power per unit of flow length (W/m) ρ g = density x gravity acceleration = specific weight of the fluid (kg/m3) Q = liquid discharge (m3/s) S = slope of the considered reach (m/m). Recent digital elevation models allow the calculation of channel gradient and consequently stream power with a finer spatial resolution, opening promising and novel opportunities to investigate river geomorphical processes and forms. The work carried out consisted in defining and implementing a methodological approach that could be automated within a geographic information system and that meets two requirements: 1) use input data that is easy to find as DEM at a low resolution; 2) estimate, in the best possible way and on the basis of the available data, the stream power and its variability along the considered stream. In particular, the methodological approach has been implemented in GIS environment (GRASS Gis, Qgis), and it has been applied to a sample basin, highlighting the variability of Ω along the streams of a higher order (in practice the main stream and its most important tributaries). The sudden and more substantial variations of stream power were then related to the processes acting in the fluvial system. This approach has made it possible to highlight how the erosion, solid transport and sedimentation phenomena occurring along the fluvial reaches (and the geomorphological and geologicalapplicative problems that these involve, especially in anthropized areas), are correlated precisely to abrupt variations (increase/decrease) of the ”power” available. Hence the idea that automated and standardized screening of stream power variability along a stream can be used as a preliminary diagnostic element to identify the most ”sensitive” points of the same, on which to concentrate subsequent investigations (field checks, to verify the causes), aimed at mitigating the risk due to the dynamics of the riverbed.

scholarly journals The stream power variation in a GIS environment as an index to evaluate the most 'sensitive' points of a river

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi De Rosa ◽  
Corrado Cencetti ◽  
Andrea Fredduzzi
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
Time Rate ◽  
Liquid Discharge ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Solid Transport ◽  
Gis Environment

The note deals with the problem of measurement and variability, along the fluvial reaches of a hydrographic network, of the stream power, according to the original definition provided by Bagnold (1966) “The available power supply, or time rate of energy supply, to unit lenght of a stream is clearly the time rate of liberation in kinetic form of the liquid’s potential energy as it descends the gravity slope S”. In formula: Ω = ρ g Q S where: Ω = stream power per unit of flow length (W/m) ρ g = density x gravity acceleration = specific weight of the fluid (kg/m3) Q = liquid discharge (m3/s) S = slope of the considered reach (m/m). Recent digital elevation models allow the calculation of channel gradient and consequently stream power with a finer spatial resolution, opening promising and novel opportunities to investigate river geomorphical processes and forms. The work carried out consisted in defining and implementing a methodological approach that could be automated within a geographic information system and that meets two requirements: 1) use input data that is easy to find as DEM at a low resolution; 2) estimate, in the best possible way and on the basis of the available data, the stream power and its variability along the considered stream. In particular, the methodological approach has been implemented in GIS environment (GRASS Gis, Qgis), and it has been applied to a sample basin, highlighting the variability of Ω along the streams of a higher order (in practice the main stream and its most important tributaries). The sudden and more substantial variations of stream power were then related to the processes acting in the fluvial system. This approach has made it possible to highlight how the erosion, solid transport and sedimentation phenomena occurring along the fluvial reaches (and the geomorphological and geologicalapplicative problems that these involve, especially in anthropized areas), are correlated precisely to abrupt variations (increase/decrease) of the ”power” available. Hence the idea that automated and standardized screening of stream power variability along a stream can be used as a preliminary diagnostic element to identify the most ”sensitive” points of the same, on which to concentrate subsequent investigations (field checks, to verify the causes), aimed at mitigating the risk due to the dynamics of the riverbed.

scholarly journals Stream Power Determination in GIS: An Index to Evaluate the Most ’Sensitive’Points of a River

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi De Rosa ◽  
Andrea Fredduzzi ◽  
Corrado Cencetti
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Solid Transport ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Standardized Screening ◽  
Hydrographic Network

This paper focuses on the problem of measuring stream power in a hydrographic network using the original definition provided by Bagnold in 1996. Recent digital elevation models have enabled the calculation of channel gradients and, consequently, stream power with a finer spatial resolution, and this has created promising and novel opportunities to investigate river geomorphological processes and forms. The work carried out in this study includes defining and implementing a methodological approach that could be automated within a geographic information system and that meets two requirements: (1) it uses a DEM as input data at a suitable resolution; (2) it estimates the stream power Ω , as well as its variability along the considered stream, in the best possible way using available data. In particular, the methodological approach was implemented in a GIS environment (GRASS GIS) and applied to a sample basin to highlight the variability in Ω along the main stream and its most important tributaries. The sudden and more substantial variations in stream power were then related to the processes acting in the fluvial system. This approach made it possible to highlight how erosion, solid transport, and sedimentation phenomena occurring along the fluvial reaches are related to abrupt variations (increase/decrease) in the “power” available. The results of this study support the idea that the automated and standardized screening of stream power variability along a stream can be used as a preliminary diagnostic element to identify the most “sensitive” points of the stream on which to concentrate subsequent investigations (field checks to verify the causes), with the aim of mitigating risks due to the dynamics of the riverbed.

scholarly journals Geomorphometric analysis of cave ceiling channels mapped with 3D terrestrial laser scanning

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Gallay ◽  
Zdenko Hochmuth ◽  
Ján Kaňuk ◽  
Jaroslav Hofierka
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Unique Manner ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract. The change of hydrological conditions during the evolution of caves in carbonate rocks often results in a complex subterranean geomorphology which comprises specific landforms such as ceiling channels, anastomosing half tubes, or speleothems organised vertically in different levels. Studying such complex environments traditionally requires tedious mapping, however, this is being replaced with terrestrial laser scanning technology. Laser scanning overcomes the problem of reaching high ceilings providing new options to map underground landscapes with unprecedented level of detail and accuracy. The acquired point cloud can be handled conveniently with dedicated software, but applying traditional geomorphometry to analyse the cave surface is limited. This is because geomorphometry has been focused on parameterisation and analysis of surficial terrain. The theoretical and methodological concept has been based on two-dimensional scalar fields which is sufficient for most cases of the surficial terrain. The terrain surface is modelled with a bivariate function of altitude (elevation) and represented by a raster digital elevation model. However, the cave is a three-dimensional entity therefore a different approach is required for geomorphometric analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate the benefits of high resolution cave mapping and 3-D modelling to better understand the palaeohydrography of the Domica cave in Slovakia. This methodological approach adopted traditional geomorphometric methods in a unique manner and also new methods used in 3D computer graphics which can be applied to study other 3-D geomorphological forms

scholarly journals Problems of theatrical productions of dramatic works by Lesya Ukrainka on the modern Ukrainian stage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larysa Khorolets
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Dramatic Works ◽  
Artistic Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Multimedia Technologies ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
The Aesthetic

The purpose of the article is diagnostics of Lesya Ukrainka’s dramatic works realization prospects in conditions of performing arts visualization as a consistent trend of the national stage development. The study involves analyzing the adequacy of modern means of expressiveness to the peculiarities of the poetess’ dramaturgy. The research methodology is determined by observational, analytical as well as historical, and logical analysis of the realization prospects of Lesya Ukrainka’s dramatic poems on the Ukrainian stage in the context of the exceptional specific weight of a word for understanding the poetic and philosophical content of the poetess’ works. The indicated methodological approach allows analyzing the reasons why some performances already realized are of enormous artistic value (notably, by “Stone Master” (“Kaminny Hospodar”) as well as outlining the prospects of some contemporary theatrical models in this sense. The novelty of the research lies in expanding the conceptions about the relevance of correlation of cardinally “re-equipped” arsenal of the XX1century scenic space multimedia technologies and the system of means of expressiveness of Lesya Ukrainka’s dramas in the context of conveying the content of these works to the audience, as well as in raising the issue of a more careful approach of modern direction to the ways of conveying and revealing the word of the creator relative to the dramatic works of Lesya Ukrainka as an exceptional phenomenon in the world dramaturgy. Conclusion. Lesya Ukrainka’s dramaturgy is in tune with the present time and corresponds to the aesthetic and civil tasks facing our art today. The Ukrainian theater is in urgent need of this dramaturgy. The poetess’s dramaturgy requires a modern but specific philosophic and poetic theater. To make it sound appropriate, it is necessary to be inspired by the Ukrainian art showing piety towards Lesya’s word and having a desire not just to act but to act namely Lesya Ukrainka, and to find the truth about life in her writing. For her plays it is very important to avoid pomposity which is typical of stage directors fascinated by visualization: there should not be any divertissements, any ball scenes except for those which are required by the unraveling of the plot.

scholarly journals Compartimentação dos elementos do relevo da bacia hidrográfica do arroio Pantanoso – Canguçu/RS, através da proposta dos geomorphons

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Danilo Da Silva Dutra ◽  
André Ricardo Furlan ◽  
Luís Eduardo De Souza Robaina
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Relief Elements ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Elevation Model

O relevo é a base onde todas as populações vivem e desenvolvem suas atividades, derivando dessa relação vantagens e desvantagens, daí a importância de conhecê-lo através do estudo de suas diferentes formas e elementos. Nesse contexto insere-se a importância de metodologias para o seu estudo, sendo que atualmente vivencia-se a expressividade de dados disponíveis para aplicação de geoprocessamento. A partir das geotecnologias pode-se empreender diversas análises sobre o relevo, destacando-se nesse contexto, a proposta dos geomorphons a qual foi aplicada na bacia hidrográfica do arroio Pantanoso. O objetivo da pesquisa é a identificação e análise dos elementos do relevo definido por geomorphons, quais sejam: 1) Planos, 2) Picos, 3) Cristas, 4) Ressaltos, 5) Crista secundária, 6) Encostas, 7) Escavado, 8) Base de encosta, 9) Vales e 10) Fosso. A determinação dos geomorphons foi a partir do processamento em ambiente SIG do Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) do Shuttle Radar Topograph Mission (SRTM) com resolução espacial 3 arcsec (90 metros), “L” Lookup (distância em metros) definiu-se como de 20 pixels (1800 metros) e o “T” Theresholdt (nivelamento em graus) definiu-se em 2º. Para visualização do comportamento dos elementos do relevo na área de estudo realizaram-se trabalhos de campo, o que contribuiu para evidenciar a padronização desses elementos. Os quatro elementos geomorphons mais representativos são encostas, vales, cristas e planos. Subdivision of relief elements through the proposal of geomorphons: river basin of arroio Pantanoso - Canguçu/RS A B S T R A C TRelief is the basis where all populations live and develop their activities, deriving from this relation advantages and disadvantages, hence the importance of knowing it through the study of its different forms and elements. In this context, the importance of methodologies for its study is inserted and geoprocessing application for data available for is currently experienced. From the geotechnologies one can undertake several analyzes on the relief, highlighting in this context, the proposal of the geomorphons which was applied in Pantanoso stream basin. The objective of the research is to identify and analyze the elements of the relief defined by geomorphons, namely: 1) Flats, 2) Peaks, 3) Ridges, 4) Shoulders, 5) Spurs, 6)Slopes, 7) Hollows, 8) Footslope, 9) Valley and 10) Pits. The determination of the geomorphons was based on the GIS environment of the Shuttle Radar Topograph Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with spatial resolution 3 arcsec (90 meters), "L" Lookup (distance in meters) was defined as of 20 pixels (1800 meters) and the "T" Theresholdt (leveling in degrees) was defined in 2º. In order to visualize the behavior of the relief elements in the study area, fieldwork was carried out, which contributed to the standardization of these elements. The four most representative geomorphons, which are: Slopes, Valleys, Ridges and Flat.Keywords: SIG, Geomorphons; Canguçu/RS; relief

Photogrammetric Survey and 3DGIS Management of Mesh in the Integrated Investigation of Complex Sites

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Trizio ◽  
Francesca Savini ◽  
Romolo Continenza ◽  
Alessandro Giannangeli ◽  
Alessio Marchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
3D Gis ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
The University

This chapter illustrates the results of an experimentation carried out by a group of multidisciplinary researchers from the ITC-CNR of L'Aquila and of archaeologists and engineers from the University of L'Aquila. This research project is based on the analysis of architectural and archaeological artefacts (the state of conservation of the artefacts, seismic vulnerability, stratigraphic analysis, construction phases) using methods linked to innovative digital technologies such as digital photogrammetric restitution, based on structure from motion (SfM) algorithms and the generation of photorealistic textures. The innovative methodological approach specifically refers to the management of archaeological data concerning the state of conservation of structures, damages and to their seismic vulnerability in a 3D GIS environment, with particular attention to three-dimensional stratigraphic readings of the artefacts.

scholarly journals Geomorphometric analysis of cave ceiling channels mapped with 3-D terrestrial laser scanning

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1827-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Gallay ◽  
Zdenko Hochmuth ◽  
Ján Kaňuk ◽  
Jaroslav Hofierka
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Unique Manner ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract. The change of hydrological conditions during the evolution of caves in carbonate rocks often results in a complex subterranean geomorphology, which comprises specific landforms such as ceiling channels, anastomosing half tubes, or speleothems organized vertically in different levels. Studying such complex environments traditionally requires tedious mapping; however, this is being replaced with terrestrial laser scanning technology. Laser scanning overcomes the problem of reaching high ceilings, providing new options to map underground landscapes with unprecedented level of detail and accuracy. The acquired point cloud can be handled conveniently with dedicated software, but applying traditional geomorphometry to analyse the cave surface is limited. This is because geomorphometry has been focused on parameterization and analysis of surficial terrain. The theoretical and methodological concept has been based on two-dimensional (2-D) scalar fields, which are sufficient for most cases of the surficial terrain. The terrain surface is modelled with a bivariate function of altitude (elevation) and represented by a raster digital elevation model. However, the cave is a 3-D entity; therefore, a different approach is required for geomorphometric analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate the benefits of high-resolution cave mapping and 3-D modelling to better understand the palaeohydrography of the Domica cave in Slovakia. This methodological approach adopted traditional geomorphometric methods in a unique manner and also new methods used in 3-D computer graphics, which can be applied to study other 3-D geomorphological forms.

scholarly journals The new remote-sensing-derived Swiss glacier inventory: I. Methods

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Paul ◽  
Andreas Kääb ◽  
Max Maisch ◽  
Tobias Kellenberger ◽  
Wilfried Haeberli
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Glacier Inventory ◽  
Ratio Image ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
First Results ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Elevation Model

AbstractA new Swiss glacier inventory is to be compiled from satellite data for the year 2000. The study presented here describes two major tasks: an accuracy assessment of different methods for glacier classification with Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data and a digital elevation model (DEM); the geographical information system (GIS)-based methods for automatic extraction of individual glaciers from classified satellite data and the computation of three-dimensional glacier parameters (such as minimum, maximum and median elevation or slope and orientation) by fusion with a DEM. First results obtained by these methods are presented in Part II of this paper (Kääb and others, 2002). Thresholding of a ratio image from TM4 and TM5 reveals the best-suited glacier map. The computation of glacier parameters in a GIS environment is efficient and suitable for worldwide application. The methods developed contribute to the U. S. Geological Survey-led Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project which is currently compiling a global inventory of land ice masses within the framework of global glacier monitoring (Haeberli and others, 2000).

scholarly journals REVIEW AND COMPARISON OF WATER EROSION INTENSITY IN THE WESTERN BALKAN AND EU COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Blinkov
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
European Level ◽  
Recent Period ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
National Databases ◽  
Erosion Intensity

The south and southeast region of Europe is significantly prone to water erosion. In parts of the region, erosion has reached a stage of irreversibility and in some places erosion has practically ceased because there is no soil left. In the recent period several models and approaches in a GIS environment were developed using available database for erosion factors on the European level on which data about water erosion in Western Balkan countries is missing. Sci-entists in the Western Balkan countries faced with the erosion problem for years, developed own models or prepared various erosion risk maps using national databases. The aim of this study is to compare results of water erosion inten-sity in the Western Balkan countries using models on wider level (European maps) and national researches. The basic methodological approach in this paper is an analysis of secondary data, using the method of "content analysis" of various data sources. Inductive and deductive qualitative analyses were used and finally the method of "comparative analysis" is applied, too. Through the analysis of national researches it was estimated that erosion intensity in the WB countries is 656 m3/ha (similar to 6.56 t/ha) and the total amount of annual produced erosive material is 373.8·106 m3. The most erosive countries in Europe are Albania and Montenegro where mean annual intensity of erosion is > 10 t/ha. Macedonia together with Italy, Portugal, Slovenia and Romania is in the second group of countries, where ero-sion intensity is 5–10 t/ha.

scholarly journals Properties and applications of dental polyamides

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (82) ◽  
pp. 2098-2105
Author(s):  
Nikola Gligorijević ◽  
Marko Igić ◽  
Milena Kostić ◽  
Ana Pejčić
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Flexible Materials ◽  
Dental Prostheses ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Great Potential Application

Introduction: By examining numerous thermoplastic and flexible materials that would aesthetically and functionally surpass acrylates used for the production of dental prostheses, polyamides were discovered as materials with great potential application in prosthodontics. The aim of this study was to describe polyamide materials used for the production of partial dentures. Material and methods: The main methodological approach of this study was a systematic search of the literature in two electronic databases: Google Scholar and PubMed using predefined keyword combinations. Results: The advantage of polyamide dentures is the comfort and ease of accommodation of the patient, with preserved optimal mechanical and physical properties. The dentures are flexible but rigid enough to be resistant to shock and fractures. Due to their low specific weight, polyamide dentures are light, extremely thin and do not interrupt patient speech. Excellent aesthetics are provided by a high choice of working colors and high translucency of the material, which ensures that the soft tissue that's covered by the denture base or clasp is seen through the prosthesis and gives it a more natural appearance in the patient's mouth. Conslusion: Polyamides, unlike acrylates, do not contain residual monomers, so they have an greater degree of biocompatibility. They can be used for the production of both complete and partial dentures, in combination with a Cr-Co skeleton, or crowns and bridges.

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