scholarly journals Typology of think tanks: A comparative study in Finland and Scotland

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 72-90
Author(s):  
Mykkänen Markus ◽  
Freshwater Neil
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Politics ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Research Publications

This paper provides a comparative analysis of current Finnish and Scottish think tanks and reviews how think tanks in these countries have evolved, how think tanks seek to influence decision making and engage with their stakeholders. To address the ways of influence this paper looks how Finnish and Scottish think tanks describe themselves and how they use publications in their advocacy. Conducted content analysis indicates that usually registered association based Finnish think tanks are generally more research-focused organisations, who overall deploy more research publications for advocacy than the company based Scottish think tanks. Findings also reveal that the number of think tanks in both countries has greatly increased in the last two decades due to the political challenges with European Union and national politics. The paper provides a new approach to study think tanks in national contexts.

scholarly journals Don’t cry for me Britannia: The resilience of the European Union to Brexit

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narisong Huhe ◽  
Daniel Naurin ◽  
Robert Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Spatial Model ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

We assess the impact of the United Kingdom’s 2016 decision to leave the European Union on the Council of the European Union, where Brexit is likely to have the clearest observable implications. Using concepts and models from the spatial model of politics and network analysis, we formulate and test expectations regarding the effects of Brexit. We examine two of the most prominent datasets on recent decision-making in the European Union, which include data on cooperation networks among member states before and after the 2016 referendum. Our findings identify some of the political challenges that Brexit will bring, but also highlight the factors that are already helping the European Union’s remaining member states to adapt to Brexit.

scholarly journals A New Approach to the Question of the Political Spectrum Polarization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Gindler
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Mathematical Apparatus ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Wealth Redistribution ◽  
Political Spectrum

The article introduces a new approach to the problem of political spectrum polarization. Political science has introduced a multitude of spectrograms based on different factors, dimensions, axes, and cardinal points. Most often the graphics do not complement each other, and it seems that each of them describes a completely different reality. There was an urgent need to conduct an objective analysis of political philosophies and find the factors that influence the political spectrum polarization. For these purposes, the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) was used, as it allows to introduce a fraction of objectivity due to the use of a formalized mathematical apparatus of the theory of sets. Thirteen main political doctrines were analyzed and obtained that spectrum polarization depends on three conditions: attitude to private property, individual freedom, and wealth redistribution. As the factors that influence the political spectrum polarization were firmly determined, it became possible to build a spectrogram unambiguously.

scholarly journals The European Union and Public Health Emergencies: Expert Opinions on the Management of the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Suggestions for Future Emergencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Gontariuk ◽  
Thomas Krafft ◽  
Cassandra Rehbock ◽  
David Townend ◽  
Loth Van der Auwermeulen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Proper Actions ◽  
Public Health Emergencies

Objective: The first wave of the coronavirus SARS-COV-2 pandemic has revealed a fragmented governance within the European Union (EU) to tackle public health emergencies. This qualitative study aims: 1) to understand the current EU position within the field of public health emergencies taking the case of the COVID-19 as an example by comparing and contrasting experiences from EU institutions and experts from various EU Member States at the beginning of the pandemic; and, 2) to identify and to formulate future EU pandemic strategies and actions based on experts' opinions.Methods: Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with public health experts from various European Member States and European Commission officials from May 2020 until August 2020. The transcripts were analyzed by Thematic Content Analysis (TCA), mainly a manifest content analysis.Results: This study demonstrated that the limited EU mandate in health hinders proper actions to prevent and tackle infectious disease outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that this limitation significantly impacted the ECDC, as the Member States' competence did not allow the agency to have more capacity. The European Commission has fulfilled its role of coordinating and supporting the Member States by facilitating networks and information exchange. However, EU intra- and inter-communication need further improvement. Although diverse EU instruments and mechanisms were found valid, their implementation needed to be faster and more efficient. The results pointed out that underlying political challenges in EU decision-making regarding health emergencies hinder the aligned response. It was stated that the Member States were not prepared, and due to the restriction of their mandate, EU institutions could not enforce binding guidelines. Additionally, the study explored future EU pandemic strategies and actions. Both, EU institutions and national experts suggested similar and clear recommendations regarding the ECDC, the investment, and future harmonized preparedness tools.Conclusion: The complex politics of public health at the EU level have led to the fragmentation of its governance for effective pandemic responses. This ongoing pandemic has shed light on the fragility of the political and structural systems in Europe in public health emergencies. Health should be of high importance in the political agenda, and robust health reforms at the local, regional, national, and EU levels are highly recommended.

scholarly journals Independence of Independent Institutions: The Case of Independent Media Commission (IMC) in Kosovo

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Liridon Dalipi ◽  
Mejdi Bektashi ◽  
Arben Sahiti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations ◽  
Independent Institutions

This paper addresses the issue of independent institutions in Kosovo that are constitutional category, their operation and role within the state, problems and challenges that arise especially in those areas that the issue of regulation is very sensitive. The key focus in this study is IMC. This paper contains analysis of political influence on financing and appointment in decision making bodies. Furthermore, it includes analysis of the political independence from industry. These issues will be addressed according to the guidelines and recommendations of the European Union compared with domestic legislation and various European practices. This study has been done using secondary data, and it concludes that Independent Institutions in Kosova are not immune from the political and industry influences, and it provides some recommendations on how to avoid such influences.

scholarly journals Victims of the Pandemic? European Far-Right Parties and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Wondreys ◽  
Cas Mudde
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Look Ahead

Abstract It has become received wisdom that the pandemic has “exposed” the political incompetence of far-right parties in government and that far-right parties in opposition have become its (first) “victims.” This is largely based on the generalization of one or two individual cases—most notably US president Donald Trump—who is the exception rather than the rule. This article provides a comparative analysis of far-right responses to the COVID-19 pandemic within the European Union. Based on theoretical insights from previous research, we expect the responses to reflect the main ideology and the internal heterogeneity of the contemporary far right as well as to show the increasing mainstreaming of its positions. We analyze four different, but related, aspects: (1) the narratives about COVID-19 from far-right parties; (2) the proposed solutions of far-right parties; (3) the electoral consequences of the pandemic for far-right parties; and (4) the success of far-right parties in dealing with the pandemic. Finally, in the discussion we shortly look ahead at the possible consequences of a highly likely second outbreak of COVID-19.

Poliheuristic Theory and Crisis Decision Making: A Comparative Analysis of Turkey with China

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nukhet A. Sandal ◽  
Enyu Zhang ◽  
Carolyn C. James ◽  
Patrick James
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Prise De Décision ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cross National

Abstract.Poliheuristic theory (PH) is an innovative attempt to conceptualize decision making in a way that recognizes patterns deriving from both cognitive and rational schools of thought about how foreign policy is made. Crisis decision making, a setting in which the political aspects emphasized by PH can be expected to operate, is the subject of this article. The study focuses on Turkey and China, two important states that frequently are characterized as sui generis and possibly unsuited to comparative analysis in the context of any overarching theory. As will become apparent, PH is capable of explaining crisis decision making for China and Turkey and the common pattern we explore is perhaps only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to cross-national application of the theory within the crisis domain.Résumé.La théorie poliheuristique (PH) est une tentative novatrice de concevoir la prise de décision en reconnaissant l'apport des modes de comportement issus des écoles de pensée cognitive et rationnelle. Cet article porte sur la politique étrangère en temps de crise et offre un cadre politique au sein duquel les modes de comportement identifiés par la théorie poliheuristique devraient normalement opérer. Plus particulièrement, l'étude se concentre sur le cas de la Chine et de la Turquie, deux États souvent considérés comme singuliers et possiblement inadaptés à l'analyse théorique de la politique étrangère comparée. Toutefois, comme cet article le démontre, la PH est en mesure d'expliquer de manière comparée la prise de décision de la Chine et de la Turquie en temps de crise. Les conclusions de recherche laissent penser que cette étude pourrait bien être le prélude de nombreuses recherches employant la PH dans le domaine de la politique étrangère comparée en temps de crise.

How Was the Fifth European Union Enlargement Actually Negotiated? A Comparative Analysis of Selected Traits

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Smolinski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Union Enlargement ◽  
Time Sensitivity ◽  
Team Organization ◽  
Selected Traits

AbstractDespite the political and economic importance of the fifth European Union enlargement, not much research has been devoted to the negotiation process that led to this event. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of our survey conducted among politicians and diplomats representing the parties in the accession negotiations. The main objectives of this survey were to identify differences between the negotiating behavior and attitudes of participants and examine differences between the perceptions (self-perception vs. the perception of the negotiation partners) of the negotiating profiles. From the survey data, we gain valuable insights into the negotiation process, particularly into the parties' perceptions of selected traits, such as attitudes, interests, power, climate, team organization, communication, concern for protocol, flexibility, emotion, and time sensitivity, among negotiating profiles.

scholarly journals Aspek Insentif, Mekanisme Pengambilan Keputusan dan Koordinasi (Analisis Komparasi Sistem-Sistem Ekonomi)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Nafis Irkhami
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
Ethical System ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Economic Motives

This paper is intended as a general comparative study on the economic system of capitalism, socialism and Islamic economics. The comparative analysis is conducted by reviewing aspects of incentives, decision-making mechanism and coordination. Inter-systemic review in this paper shows that Islamic economic system is determined by the parameters of its own ethical system which shows originality and relativity. Unlike other systems, the ethical impulse that is based on the Islamic worldview is fully integrated with Islamic economic motives. Limited freedom assigned to the behavior of consumption and production, as well as the emphasis on the distribution of wealth cannot be separated from the purpose of goodness (world and the hereafter).Tulisan ini dimaksudkan sebagai studi komparasi general atas sistem ekonomikapitalisme, sosialisme (ekonomi komando) dan ekonomi Islam. Analisiskomparasi tersebut dilakukan dengan meninjau aspe-aspek insentif, mekanismepengambilan keputusan dan koordinasi. Tinjauan inter-sistemik dalam tulisanini menunjukkan bahwa sistem ekonomi Islam ditentukan berdasarkan parameter-parameter sistem etisnya sendiri, yang menunjukkan adanya orisinalitas dan relativitasnya. Tidak seperti sistem lain, impuls-impuls etik yang didasarkan pada worldview Islam tersebut sepenuhnya terintegrasi dengan motif-motif ekonomi Islam. Kebebasan terbatas yang ditetapkan untuk perilaku konsumsi dan produksi, serta penekanan pada distribusi kekayaan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari tujuan kemaslahatan (dunia maupun akhirat).

scholarly journals The Committee of the Regions: A Springboard for the Citizens

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Javier Mendoza Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Committee Of The Regions ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThis study focuses on the relation between the Committee of the Regions (CoR), an advisory institution of the European Union defined as the political assembly of holders of a regional or local electoral mandate serving the cause of European integration, and the democratic deficit, understood as the effective ways of citizens’ participation in the institutional decision making. The work hypothesis is that the CoR, in spite of being mostly unknown to citizens, could be an effective tool for tackling the democratic deficit. Through qualitative interviews and surveys at different levels, the article analyzes the current situation and the potential opportunities of the CoR in its relation with citizens.

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