scholarly journals Environmental issues due to organohalogenated compounds diffuse pollution in groundwater. Emerging issue in the Roman area?

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidoro Bonfà ◽  
Francesco La Vigna ◽  
Simona Martelli ◽  
Lucilla Ticconi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Clear Point ◽  
Source Contamination ◽  
The City ◽  
Very High

Most of the large urban areas, especially those with a strong industrial vocation, present important contamination of organohlaogenated compunds. Even in the City of Rome, although it has a very limited industrial development, some sites interested by this kind of contamination have been notified in recent years. The distribution of these sites is prevalent in the eastern sector of the city where the few industrial activities present are also located. Concentrations are varied and show both cases of clear point source contamination, where values are very high, and cases where a possible contamination from multiple point sources can be hypothesized. The sites reported fall into a crucial area for the hydrogeology of Rome, that is the "Paleotiber Graben" aquifer, exploited for various uses. To date, there is no proven diffuse contamination of organohalogenated compounds in Rome, nevertheless the purpose of this work is to frame this emerging issue on the basis of the available data.

scholarly journals 7 PENYEBAB BANJIR DI WILAYAH PERKOTAAN YANG PADAT PENDUDUKNYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petrus Nugro Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Assessment Study ◽  
The City ◽  
Good Drainage ◽  
Very High

In Indonesia during the rainy season floods often occur in urban areas, especially in a very densely populated areas. Central or local government has always suffered huge losses due to widespread flooding and paralyze all activities of the city. So many environmental issues that can cause flooding and the problem has become very complex. By doing assessment study deeply it can be seen that there are 7 (seven) causes flooding, namely: there is not environmentally sustainable development; The lack of a clean lifestyle in the general public; The lack of planning and maintenance of good drainage; The lack of consistency from the authorities in Spatial Planning and Regional; The absence of good conservation programs in balancing environmental of water; Iand subsidence; and very high rainfall intensity. Therefore it is necessary for serious efforts to address the flooding problem through: The consistency in environmentally sustainable development; Clean lifestyle in the community; The application of the concept " Water front City "; The application of the concept " One River One Management "; Making Infiltration; Prevention of Land Subsidence by Groundwater Injection manner; and Improved coordination of all stakeholders. Keywords: Causes flooding, options in handling flood problem.

scholarly journals The institution and the city: the impact of hospitals and workhouses on the development of Dublin's north inner city, c. 1773–1911

Urban History ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-688
Author(s):  
Katherine Fennelly
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Industry And Commerce ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

AbstractCities develop around industry, markets and transport links. Dublin in the nineteenth century was similar, but additionally the north-west of the city developed around the expansion of a complex of institutional buildings for the reception, confinement and welfare of the poor and sick. This article argues that these institutions were implicit in the development of the modern city in the same way as industry and commerce. The physical development of the buildings altered and defined both the streetscape and, over time, the social identities and historical communities in the locale, in the same way that industrial development defined urban areas.

scholarly journals MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF DISPERSIONS OF POWDER EMISSIONS FROM MULTIPLE SOURCES WITH THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL POL 15SM

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Mihaela Budianu ◽  
Valeriu Nagacevschi ◽  
Matei Macoveanu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Over the last decades, air pollution has become one of the greatest challenges negatively affecting human health and the entire environment, including air, water, soil, vegetation, and urban areas. Lately, special attention has been given to mathematical modelling for diffusion of pollutants in the atmosphere as a particularly effective and efficient method that can be used to study, control and reduce air pollution. The diversity of models developed by different research groups imposed a rigorous understanding of model types in order to apply them correctly according to local or regional problems of air pollution phenomenon. Tus the authors have developed and improved two mathematical models for dispersion of air pollutants. Tis paper presents a case study of dispersion of powders in suspension originating from 14 point sources that correspond to 5 economic agents in the agroindustrial area of Vaslui city using a computer simulation based on the mathematical model Pol 15sm, for multiple point sources of pollution, designed by the authors.

scholarly journals Variations in time and space of trace metal aerosol concentrations in urban areas and their surroundings

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 14747-14776
Author(s):  
T. Moreno ◽  
X. Querol ◽  
A. Alastuey ◽  
C. Reche ◽  
M. Cusack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
The City

Abstract. Using an unprecedentedly large geochemical database, we compare temporal and spatial variations in inhalable trace metal background concentrations in a major city (Barcelona, Spain) and at a nearby mountainous site (Montseny) affected by the urban plume. Both sites are contaminated by technogenic metals, with V, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, Sn, Bi, Sb and Cd all showing upper continental crust (UCC) normalised values >1 in broadly increasing order. The highest metal concentrations usually occur during winter at Barcelona and summer in Montseny. This seasonal difference was especially marked at the remote mountain site in several elements such as Ti and Rare Earth Elements, which recorded campaign maxima, exceeding PM10 concentrations seen in Barcelona. The most common metals were Zn, Ti, Cu, Mn, Pb and V. Both V and Ni show highest concentrations in summer, and preferentially fractionate into the finest PM sizes (PM1/PM10 > 0.5) especially in Barcelona, this being attributed to regionally dispersed contamination from fuel oil combustion point sources. Within the city, hourly metal concentrations are controlled either by traffic (rush hour double peak for Cu, Sb, Sn, Ba) or industrial plumes (morning peak of Ni, Mn, Cr generated outside the city overnight), whereas at Montseny metal concentrations rise during the morning to a single, prolonged afternoon peak as contaminated air transported by the sea breeze moves into the mountains. Our exceptional database, which includes hourly measurements of chemical concentrations, demonstrates in more detail than previous studies the spatial and temporal variability of urban pollution by trace metals in a given city. Technogenic metalliferous aerosols are commonly fine in size and therefore potentially bioavailable, emphasising the case for basing urban background PM characterisation not only on physical parameters such as mass but also on sample chemistry and with special emphasis on trace metal content.

scholarly journals CARDIOVASCULAR DRUG INTERACTION;

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 672-677
Author(s):  
HINA REHMAN, ◽  
AMMAR HUSSAIN,
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cardiovascular Drug ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Prescribing Practice ◽  
The City ◽  
Very High

Introduction: Cardiovascular drug interaction is the alarming and becoming leading cause of death in the society ofKarachi Pakistan where the prevalence rate of CVS diseases in urban areas is very high. Objective: The aim was to evaluate thecardiovascular interactions in poly prescription in the city of Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: The methodology adopted for this study iscross sectional study. Material & Methods: In which verbally and signed informed consent prepare which help to limitize the biasness.Results: In this study the determination of the percentage of interactions is about 30%.The gender which is most susceptible forinteraction is females. The Significance or consequences of interaction would measured by minor, moderate and major level. In our studyminor is about 28, moderate is about19 while Major is about 9.The most untoward effects which was seen was bradycardia and the classof drug which lead for interaction is Beat and ACE blockers in the prescribing practice and some severe interaction lead to life threatening.Conclusion: The main result which is concluding for this study is the huge number of interaction which is found in the prescription createslife threatening circumstances. With the proper consultation and time we can minimize the interaction as well as the health scenario canbe improved and the quality of life can be improved.

scholarly journals Methodology for determination of the priority directions for the city's industrial development

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 01129
Author(s):  
Ivan Palatkin ◽  
Alexander Pavlov ◽  
Alexander Kudryavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Theory To Practice ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The City

In the face of new global challenges, the economic and social significance of territorial problems in the Russian Federation has received a different, extremely acute meaning. The crisis and shortage of the budgets of most of the municipal formations in the country predetermine the shift of problems of ensuring sustainable development of urban areas from theory to practice. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for determination of the priority directions for the city's industrial development. The paper analyzes the principles of sustainable development in the field of urban planning and spatial planning, outlines the mechanisms for stimulating economic growth in cities and the ways to determine the priority directions of the city's industrial development. The authors carried out a practical testing of the proposed methodology on the example of the city of Penza. Recommendations for a more complete use of the potential of the machine-building industry are developed.

scholarly journals Spatial Statistical Assessment of Groundwater PCE (Tetrachloroethylene) Diffuse Contamination in Urban Areas

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Licia C. Pollicino ◽  
Marco Masetti ◽  
Stefania Stevenazzi ◽  
Loris Colombo ◽  
Luca Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Chlorinated Solvents ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Maximum Admissible Concentration ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
High Concentrations

Contamination by chlorinated solvents is typically associated with point sources, which are able to release high concentrations and to generate well defined plumes. Nevertheless, in urban settings (especially in functional urban areas—FUAs), multiple-point sources are frequently present, consisting of a series of unidentifiable small sources clustered within large areas, generating a diffuse, anthropogenic contamination. This situation results in the coexistence of single plumes with higher contaminant concentrations, and larger areas where the concentration is lower but still higher than the maximum admissible concentration limits. This paper proposes a methodology devised to cope with the diffuse contamination by chlorinated solvents within shallow aquifers due to multiple-point sources in FUAs. The approach is based on a Bayesian model that helps to spatially evaluate the likelihood of having active multiple-point sources, and to relate their impact on the shallow aquifer to the hydrogeological features of the area. Moreover, the approach allows testing of the efficiency of the monitoring network to properly characterize the contamination in the aquifer. The consistency of the results of the analysis was also checked for the Milan FUA (Italy) by a comparison to a previous study, performed through an inverse numerical modelling approach within a Monte Carlo statistical framework to identify the areas with the highest likelihood to host potential multiple-point sources.

scholarly journals Network design for quantifying urban CO<sub>2</sub> emissions: Assessing trade-offs between precision and network density

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Turner ◽  
Alexis A. Shusterman ◽  
Brian C. McDonald ◽  
Virginia Teige ◽  
Robert A Harley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Dense Network ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Combined Uncertainty ◽  
The City

Abstract. The majority of anthropogenic CO2 emissions are attributable to urban areas. While the emissions from urban electricity generation often occur in locations remote from consumption, many of the other emissions occur within the city limits. Evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for controlling these emissions depends on our ability to observe urban CO2 emissions and attribute them to specific activities. Cost effective strategies for doing so have yet to be described. Here we characterize the ability of a prototype measurement network, modeled after the BEACO2N network, in combination with an inverse model based on WRF-STILT to improve our understanding of urban emissions. The pseudo-measurement network includes 34 sites at roughly 2 km spacing covering an area of roughly 400 km2. The model uses an hourly 1 × 1 km2 emission inventory and 1 × 1 km2 meteorological calculations. We perform an ensemble of Bayesian atmospheric inversions to sample the combined effects of uncertainties of the pseudo-measurements and the model. We vary the estimates of the combined uncertainty of the pseudo-observations and model over a range of 20 ppm to 0.005 ppm and vary the number of sites from 1 to 34. We use these inversions to develop statistical models that estimate the efficacy of the combined model-observing system at reducing uncertainty in CO2 emissions. We examine uncertainty in estimated CO2 fluxes at the urban scale, as well as for sources embedded within the city such as a line source (e.g., a highway) or a point source (e.g., emissions from the stacks of small industrial facilities). We find that a dense network with moderate precision is the preferred setup for estimating area, line, and point sources from a combined uncertainty and cost perspective. The dense network considered here could estimate weekly CO2 emissions from an urban region with less than 5 % error, given our characterization of the combined observation and model uncertainty.

scholarly journals THE USE OF AHP WITHIN GIS FOR DESTRUCTED AREAS IN DAMASCUS, SYRIA

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B4-2021 ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
M. Khalil ◽  
J. Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Syrian Population ◽  
Syrian Arab Republic ◽  
The City ◽  
Very High

Abstract. War This is a word that everyone fears as a result of the violence and devastation it leaves, as there have been many wars around the world that have greatly affected the lives of civilians. Infrastructure, homes, hospitals, and other public facilities have been damaged and partially or largely destroyed. Syria is a country in south-western Asia, located near the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey. Syria is which suffered from war for more than 10 years and still. This is a study on the city of Damascus, the capital of the Syrian Arab Republic, many of its areas were destroyed by this war. throughout the war, more than 55% of the Syrian population in urban areas and rural areas were affected by the massive aerial bombardment and fighting inside towns, cities, and old neighbourhoods. This study aims to identify the most affected areas in the Syrian capital, Damascus, by analysing two satellite images from the satellite Sentinel using a program SNAP and determining the most appropriate areas for reconstruction in Damascus through the AHP analysis method using a program ArcGIS. Where 6 basic criteria were set to carry out the analysis it's elevation, slope, soil, water network, road network, and land use, land cover. The results were classified into five classes in terms of suitability for reconstruction, not suitability, low suitability, moderate suitability, high suitability, very high suitability, and to determine the percentage of each classification.

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