scholarly journals Economic Burden Bore by Patients and Families because of stroke: Policy Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Honesty Fadhilah ◽  
Vetty Yulianty Permanasari
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
National Level ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
High Price ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prohibitive Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

AbstractStroke to this day is still a disease that causes a high disability. In the future, it will require a prohibitive cost so that it has an impact on the socio-economic consequences for patients and their families. The price is prohibitive so that the impact on socioeconomic implications for patients and their families. Because of that, the purpose of the study is to estimate the cause of the cost that causes an economic burden from a stroke. The method that is used is a content analysis by doing a further literature review from various sources, from journal to textbook from a national level to international. Literature studies show that direct medical cost, which is rehabilitation, and nursing care cost is identified as the leading contributor to the high price of economic burden from a stroke. High costs incurred cause family to experience catastrophic financial disaster; it even impacts to drop welfare level. Social preventive action is needed to reduce the high prevalence of stroke to reduce the cost, to protect every household from financial disaster from a stroke.

scholarly journals National Economic Burden Associated with Management of Periodontitis in Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuti Ningseh Mohd Dom ◽  
Rasidah Ayob ◽  
Khairiyah Abd Muttalib ◽  
Syed Mohamed Aljunid
Keyword(s):  
Societal Perspective ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
National Level ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Cost

Objectives. The aim of this study is to estimate the economic burden associated with the management of periodontitis in Malaysia from the societal perspective.Methods. We estimated the economic burden of periodontitis by combining the disease prevalence with its treatment costs. We estimated treatment costs (with 2012 value of Malaysian Ringgit) using the cost-of-illness approach and included both direct and indirect costs. We used the National Oral Health Survey for Adults (2010) data to estimate the prevalence of periodontitis and 2010 national census data to estimate the adult population at risk for periodontitis.Results. The economic burden of managing all cases of periodontitis at the national level from the societal perspective was approximately MYR 32.5 billion, accounting for 3.83% of the 2012 Gross Domestic Product of the country. It would cost the nation MYR 18.3 billion to treat patients with moderate periodontitis and MYR 13.7 billion to treat patients with severe periodontitis.Conclusion. The economic burden of periodontitis in Malaysia is substantial and comparable with that of other chronic diseases in the country. This is attributable to its high prevalence and high cost of treatment. Judicious application of promotive, preventive, and curative approaches to periodontitis management is decidedly warranted.

Pound Wise and Penny Foolish? Weight Loss and The Dynamics of Health Care Spending

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G Koch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Dynamic Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Current estimates of obesity costs ignore the impact of future weight loss and gain, and may either over or underestimate economic consequences of weight loss. In light of this, I construct static and dynamic measures of medical costs associated with body mass index (BMI), to be balanced against the cost of one-time interventions. This study finds that ignoring the implications of weight loss and gain over time overstates the medical-cost savings of such interventions by an order of magnitude. When the relationship between spending and age is allowed to vary, weight-loss attempts appear to be cost-effective starting and ending with middle age. Some interventions recently proven to decrease weight may also be cost-effective.

Does the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic influence the FX? A note.

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Vasileiou
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Domestic Currency ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This note shows that the effective response of a country in its battle against COVID-19 influences the exchange rate of its currency. Particularly, we examine the GBPUSD, AUDUSD and AUDGBP pairs of currency during the COVID-19 outbreak and the results show that the domestic currency of the country which documents more COVID-19 cases in each pair is depreciated against the foreign one. Therefore, a country which cannot effectively mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and whose currency is depreciated may present further economic consequences in the future. Such consequences extend beyond economic recession and may include sovereign and interest rate risk. These findings may be useful for policy makers in order to estimate the cost of the pandemic.

scholarly journals A natural experiment reveals the impact of hydroelectric dams on the estuaries of tropical rivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. eaau9875 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ezcurra ◽  
E. Barrios ◽  
P. Ezcurra ◽  
A. Ezcurra ◽  
S. Vanderplank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Hydroelectric Dams ◽  
Sediment Trapping ◽  
Tropical Estuaries ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

We tested how sediment trapping by hydroelectric dams affects tropical estuaries by comparing two dammed and two undammed rivers on Mexico’s Pacific coast. We found that dams demonstrably affected the stability and productivity of the estuaries. The two rivers dammed for hydroelectricity had a rapid coastal recession (between 7.9 and 21.5 ha year−1) in what should otherwise be an accretional coastline. The economic consequences of this dam-induced coastal erosion include loss of habitat for fisheries, loss of coastal protection, release of carbon sequestered in coastal sediments, loss of biodiversity, and the decline of estuarine livelihoods. We estimate that the cost of the environmental damages a dam can cause in the lower part of basin almost doubles the purported benefits of emission reductions from hydroelectric generation.

Web-based disclosure and the cost of debt: MENA countries evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-561
Author(s):  
Henda Abdi ◽  
Mohamed Ali Brahim Omri
Keyword(s):  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of web - based disclosure on the cost of debt for the MENA region setting. Design/methodology/approach The sample of this paper consists of 237 MENA listed non-financial companies for the year 2017. Multiple regression models were used to examine the impact of online disclosure on the cost of debt. Content analysis is used to measure the extent of web-based disclosure. Findings The results reveal that there is a negative and significant association between the web-based disclosure and the company’s cost of debt. These results support the hypothesis of the economic utility of the information disclosed on the website for creditors in this region. Practical implications The results of the study have important implications for managers in the MENA region. It is necessary for managers to improve the company’s transparency through web-based disclosure. The companies must benefit from the different technologies offered by the Internet in order to offer to the creditors unlimited access to up to date information. In fact, web-based disclosure may mitigate the information asymmetry, the uncertainty of creditors and, consequently, reduces the cost of debt. 10; 10;Moreover, the results of the study provide empirical evidence for the advantages of voluntary web-based disclosure. The results highlight the importance to companies and regulators of understanding the benefits of using the website as a means of information disclosure. The regulators in MENA countries can rely on these results to establish suitable policies to improve the quality of web-based disclosure. The regulators need also to put in rules in relation to the online disclosure. In fact, an understanding of web-based disclosure is important for regulators and companies. Given the positive effect of online disclosure (the reduction of the cost of debt), knowledge about the economic consequences of web-based disclosure would enable companies in the MENA region to optimize their online disclosure policies. Originality/value This study, added to the existing literature by examining the consequences of online disclosure practices in MENA countries. Most previous studies conducted in this region were limited to analyzing the determinants of the company’s web-based disclosure. This paper would extend the literature on the online disclosure practices by investigating the association between these practices and the cost of debt in a developing economics: the MENA region. Previous studies were limited to testing this association only in developed countries.

scholarly journals This Changes Everything

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (79) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhan Cevik ◽  
João Tovar Jalles
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Sovereign Risk ◽  
Bond Yields ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is already a systemic risk to the global economy. While there is a large body of literature documenting potential economic consequences, there is scarce research on the link between climate change and sovereign risk. This paper therefore investigates the impact of climate change vulnerability and resilience on sovereign bond yields and spreads in 98 advanced and developing countries over the period 1995–2017. We find that the vulnerability and resilience to climate change have a significant impact on the cost government borrowing, after controlling for conventional determinants of sovereign risk. That is, countries that are more resilient to climate change have lower bond yields and spreads relative to countries with greater vulnerability to risks associated with climate change. Furthermore, partitioning the sample into country groups reveals that the magnitude and statistical significance of these effects are much greater in developing countries with weaker capacity to adapt to and mitigate the consequences of climate change.

MAJOR PROJECTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
J. W. Butters
Keyword(s):  
Present Form ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exact Science ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
Political Intervention ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The realisation that man needs to work with nature rather than against it indicates growing maturity and awareness in the community. However, in dealing with the environment we need moderation. We need to remind ourselves that "environmentalism" is neither a profession nor an exact science. Answers are rarely certainly right or certainly wrong. As with most natural problems the best answers are usually a reasonable compromise.The Moomba-Sydney Natural Gas Pipeline Project was delayed 18 months. Two public Environmental Inquiries were held resulting from pressure from environmental groups.Following political intervention the first Inquiry caused a reroute of the main trunk adding 90 km (56 mi.) to its length and seriously delaying its commencement so that inflationary effects, added to the cost of the longer route and its complete resurvey, caused additional cost to the project of over $100 million.The second Inquiry required such change of the pipeline fundamentals, despite three years of comprehensive interdepartmental discussions held to ensure agreement, as to render the lateral under review economically unfeasible in its present form. Its cost would be something like six times its original estimate.Similar inflationary effects and uncertainties afflicted the other lateral causing its deferment also. The final cost of completing the whole project initially estimated at $155 million would now be in excess of $320 million.These deferments sprang principally from the economic consequences of environmental and/or industrial uncertainties. The communities which would otherwise have benefited by immediate service from relatively pollution-free energy are thus denied access to it. The impact of this deferment upon their own future environment was not called to account in the Inquiries.

P0464HEALTH ADN ECONOMIC BURDEN OF THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY. A NEED FOR A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL URIOL ◽  
Aina Obrador Mulet ◽  
Ana Escriva ◽  
Ana Tugores ◽  
Albert Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thrombotic Microangiopathy ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
System Sustainability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and Aims Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a life-threatening and rare disease associated with a higher risk of dead and chronic renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Eculizumab is highly effective but also expensive. We evaluate the direct economic burden of the TMA, the cost of CRRT, Eculizumab, and the impact of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) after two years of its implementation. Method It is a retrospective study, conducted in a 3rd level hospital. We evaluate the risk of i) dead and ii) CRRT need. The number of patients no treated under futility consideration. The cost (euros) for hospitalization at the floor and intensive care unit admission, CRRT and Eculizumab at the pre-MDT implementation (from January 2008 to May 2016) in comparison with the post-MDT period (from May 2018 to Dec 2018). Clinical outcomes: i) risk of death and ii) risk of CRRT need. To determine the cost per patient-year, we calculated the total number of days of hospitalization, the entire months on dialysis or in kidney transplant program (KTx) and the milligrams of Eculizumab used at any period. The total amount divided by the whole years of observation and finally and by the mean number of patients per year diagnosed at any period. The number of patients-year we determined considering the incidence density (ID: cases/1,000,000 person-year). Patients with ADAMTS-13 deficiency were excluded. Results Forty-two patients were included. ID increased from 2.3 cases/1,000,000 person-years (n=20) to 11.7 cases/1,000,000 person-year (n=22). Comparing with the pre-MDT period, the number of patients who died increased from 3(15%) to 7(32%), P=0.20; while the risk for CRRT decreased from 9(45%) to 0, P<0.01 [relative risk (95%CI) for no CRRT requirements: 0.55 (0.37 to 0.81)]. One (5%) and three (14%) patients died under futility consideration at the pre- and post-MDT period, respectively (P=0.60). From all the patients who died, only one was in acute dialysis program while 7 showed neurologic damage. The mean cost per patient-year changed from 319,931 to 150,878 euros from the pre- to post-MDT period. Conclusion The implementation of an MDT shows a change in the natural history of the disease, where neurological damage emerges as a risk factor associated with mortality instead of CRRT needs. TMA patients represent a remarkable economic burden, representing an essential challenge for the health system sustainability that could be improved by an MDT.

scholarly journals Counting the cost: COVID-19 school closures in South Africa and its impact on children

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nic Spaull ◽  
Servaas Van der Berg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Pessimistic Scenario ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Background: When the new coronavirus rapidly spread across the globe, the impact of the virus on children was still unclear, and closing schools seemed the responsible thing to do. But much has been learnt since about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the effects of lockdown and school closures, both in South Africa and internationally.Aim: It shows that the mortality risk of the virus is extremely small for children, even when assuming an extremely pessimistic scenario for total COVID-19 deaths.Setting: We review the evidence at a national level in South Africa using nationally-representative datasets.Methods: This article offers evidence drawn from nationally representative household surveys, school surveys and administrative datasets, as well as research reports.Results: International evidence predominantly shows that children are not important transmitters of this virus, which is different from the case for influenza, for example. We show that there are considerable costs to the lockdown for children. These relate to foregone leaning opportunities, mental health, nutrition and physical health.Conclusion: We show that re-opening the economy whilst keeping schools closed results in many unintended consequences, including that children are at higher risk of being left home alone. Considering all of this, we propose that all children should return to schools, crèches and early childhood development (ECD)centres without any further delay.

Global Economic Consequences And Possible Solutions To COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan M. AbouRaya ◽  
◽  
Polina Petrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Human Wastes ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of the self-isolation regime due to the pandemic on the world economy and the economies of economically developed and developing countries, as well as the prospects for the development of GMO technologies and human wastes into biogas and electricity to obtain positive effects in the socio-economic and environmental spheres of society. Countries can use а new polices and new technologies such as (Genetically Modified Crops, Animals Cloning and Turning the human wastes into biogas and electricity) that can help us to face and overcome this recession and increase the GDP in a short time. Research methods include: historical approach to the object of research, methods of quantitative statistical analysis. Conclusions and results of the study include: comparison of the economic situation under the influence of coronavirus in Russia and Egypt showed the similarity of problems due to the similar structure of the economy, the high role of the state in solving crisis economic situations; to ensure the availability of food products in the conditions of constantly decreasing consumer solvency of the majority of the world’s population with low and middle income, the authors presented the achievements and advantages of GMO products in crop and livestock production and – the authors justify a set of measures to implement the policy of support and development of the production of GMO goods and services at the global and national level and human wastes into biogas and electricity.

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