scholarly journals School bullying

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
Identity Based

Bullying is defined as a systematic abuse ofpower; the development of the research program on school bullying is outlined over four phases. The distinctive nature of cyberbullying, and also of identity-based bullying, is outlined. Measurement methods are discussed, and the kinds of prevalence rates obtained. Arange of risk factors for involvement as a bully, or victim, are ummarized. Arange of school-based interventions are described, together with discussion of a meta-analysis of their outcomes. In summary, research and practice have gone hand-in-hand in the researchreviewed, and have had some success in at least reducing what is a significant problem in the lives of many children.

scholarly journals Impact of cardiovascular disease and risk factors on fatal outcomes in patients with COVID-19 according to age: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2020-317901
Author(s):  
SungA Bae ◽  
So Ree Kim ◽  
Mi-Na Kim ◽  
Wan Joo Shim ◽  
Seong-Mi Park
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivePrevious studies that evaluated cardiovascular risk factors considered age as a potential confounder. We aimed to investigate the impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors on fatal outcomes according to age in patients with COVID-19.MethodsA systematic literature review and meta-analysis was performed on data collected from PubMed and Embase databases up to 11 June 2020. All observational studies (case series or cohort studies) that assessed in-hospital patients were included, except those involving the paediatric population. Prevalence rates of comorbid diseases and clinical outcomes were stratified by mean patient age in each study (ranges: <50 years, 50–60 years and ≥60 years). The primary outcome measure was a composite fatal outcome of severe COVID-19 or death.ResultsWe included 51 studies with a total of 48 317 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Overall, the relative risk of developing severe COVID-19 or death was significantly higher in patients with risk factors for CVD (hypertension: OR 2.50, 95% CI 2.15 to 2.90; diabetes: 2.25, 95% CI 1.89 to 2.69) and CVD (3.11, 95% 2.55 to 3.79). Younger patients had a lower prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and CVD compared with older patients; however, the relative risk of fatal outcomes was higher among the former.ConclusionsThe results of the meta-analysis suggest that CVD and its risk factors (hypertension and diabetes) were closely related to fatal outcomes in COVID-19 for patients across all ages. Although young patients had lower prevalence rates of cardiovascular comorbidities than elderly patients, relative risk of fatal outcome in young patients with hypertension, diabetes and CVD was higher than in elderly patients.Prospero registration numberCRD42020198152.

School-based interventions for the treatment of childhood obesity: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of cluster randomised controlled trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Tarcisus Ho ◽  
Ling Jie Cheng ◽  
Ying Lau
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
School Based ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
Meta Regression

Abstract Objective Schools offer an ideal setting for childhood obesity interventions due to their access to children and adolescents. This review aimed to systematically review the impact of school-based intervention for the treatment of childhood obesity. Design Eight databases were searched from inception till May 30, 2020. A revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations criteria were used to evaluate the risk of bias and overall evidence. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed on Stata software using the random-effects model. Overall effect was evaluated using Hedges’ g, and heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I2. Setting Cluster randomised trials (cluster-RCTs) delivered in school. Participants Children and adolescents (6-18 years of age) with overweight and obesity. Results Twelve cluster-RCTs from seven countries with 1,755 participants were included in the meta-analysis. School-based interventions for the treatment of childhood obesity reduced body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-scores with a medium effect (g=0·52). Subgroup analyses showed the greater effectiveness of brief school-based interventions and the interventions conducted in lower-middle to upper-middle economies. Meta-regression assessed the heterogeneity and the final model, with covariates of the type of economies and trial duration, accounted for 41.2% of the variability. The overall quality of evidence was rated low because of the high risk of bias and inconsistency. Conclusions School-based interventions is a possible approach to provide universal healthcare for the treatment of childhood obesity, and further well-designed cluster-RCTs with longer follow-up are needed. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020160735).

scholarly journals Long-Term Dietary and Physical Activity Interventions in the School Setting and Their Effects on BMI in Children Aged 6–12 Years: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Purificación Cerrato-Carretero ◽  
Raúl Roncero-Martín ◽  
Juan D. Pedrera-Zamorano ◽  
Fidel López-Espuela ◽  
Luis M. Puerto-Parejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Based Interventions

Preventive actions and potential obesity interventions for children are mainly researched throughout the school period, either as part of the school curricula or after regular school hours, via interventions mostly lasting less than 12 months. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis on randomized controlled clinical trials to evaluate the evidence of the efficacy of long-term school-based interventions in the management of childhood obesity in terms of BMI from a dietary and physical activity-based approach. Eleven randomized controlled clinical trials were examined using the random effects model, and the results showed that there were no significant effects associated with physical activity + nutrition intervention in school children aged 6–12 years, with a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) (95% CI) of −0.00 (−0.05, 0.04). No effects were observed after subgroup analysis based on the intervention length. The findings from our study indicate that long-term school-based interventions on physical activity and dietary habits received by children aged 6–12 years seem to have no effect on BMI. However, the promotion of such interventions should not be discouraged, as they promote additional positive health outcomes for other domains of children’s health.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions on Obesity-Related Behaviours in Primary School Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Sarah Nally ◽  
Angela Carlin ◽  
Nicole E. Blackburn ◽  
Judith S. Baird ◽  
Jo Salmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Z Score ◽  
School Based ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
School Based Interventions

School-based interventions are promising for targeting a change in obesity-related behaviours in children. However, the efficacy of school-based interventions to prevent obesity remains unclear. This review examined the effectiveness of school-based interventions at changing obesity-related behaviours (increased physical activity, decreased sedentary behaviour and improved nutrition behaviour) and/or a change in BMI/BMI z-score. Following PRISMA guidelines, seven databases were systematically searched from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2020. Two review authors independently screened studies for eligibility, completed data extraction and assessed the risk of bias of each of the included studies. Forty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in a narrative synthesis. Thirty-eight studies were eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis. The findings demonstrate that interventions in children when compared to controls resulted in a small positive treatment effect in the control group (2.14; 95% CI = 0.77, 3.50). There was no significant effect on sedentary behaviour, energy intake and fruit and vegetable intake. Significant reductions were found between groups in BMI kg/m2 (−0.39; 95% CI = −0.47, −0.30) and BMI z-score (−0.05; 95% CI = −0.08, −0.02) in favour of the intervention. The findings have important implications for future intervention research in terms of the effectiveness of intervention components and characteristics.

scholarly journals School-based interventions to address bullying

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Bullying Prevention ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
School Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Bullying Interventions ◽  
Meta Analyses

Following some background studies on the nature of school bullying, its prevalence, and the negative consequences it can have, this article reviews the history of anti-bullying interventions over the last 30 years. It considers several major programmes in detail, such as the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, KiVa, Steps to Respect, and Friendly Schools. The nature and evaluation of the interventions is discussed, followed by a review of meta-analyses of the programmes effectiveness. Issues considered are the effect at different ages; components of interventions; work with peers; disciplinary methods, non-punitive and restorative approaches; challenges regarding cyberbullying; the role of parents; the role of teachers and teacher training; set menu versus à la carte approaches; sustainability of interventions and societal context. Conclusions show that interventions have had some success, with traditional bullying. However, further progress is needed in strengthening theoretical underpinnings to interventions, and in tackling cyberbullying.

Abstract 17944: Effects of School-Based Interventions on Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents: a Systematic Overview and Meta-analysis

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyoon J Park ◽  
Randa Bakhet ◽  
Danica Karl ◽  
Fei Yuan ◽  
Eva Lonn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dietary Modifications

Background: Childhood obesity is a major public health threat. Various school-based interventions (SBIs) to prevent obesity through physical activity and/or dietary modifications were implemented. However, the effectiveness of such SBIs remains unproven. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of SBIs. Methods: We searched for RCTs of SBIs published since 1990. To be eligible studies had to have an RCT design, to include children aged 6-18 years and SBIs were defined as non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions carried out in a school setting with a minimum duration of 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in body mass index (BMI. For each study the difference in the mean change in BMI between the intervention and the control groups was computed. The summary estimate for the difference in mean change in BMI and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed using a weighted inverse variance approach and a random- effects model. The I 2 statistic was used to test for heterogeneity. Results: Of 504 studies identified, 41 involving 42 430 participants met the inclusion criteria. SBIs varied greatly between studies by type, duration and delivery. In 10 RCTs the SBI focused on physical activity, in 6 on dietary modifications and in 25 on both physical activity and dietary modifications. SBIs duration ranged from 12 weeks to 4 years. There was no significant difference in mean BMI change between the intervention and the control groups (mean difference = -0.281kg/m 2 ; 95% CI -0.584 to 0.022), although there was significant heterogeneity between the RCTs’ findings (Figure). We found also no consistent impact on other measures of adiposity, physical activity patterns, dietary intakes and psychosocial health and wellbeing. Conclusions: SBIs had no substantial impact on BMI in children aged 6-18 years. Further research is needed to identify effective interventions to prevent childhood obesity.

School-based interventions to reduce suspension and arrest: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 101518
Author(s):  
Monica Mielke ◽  
David P. Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Based Interventions
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