scholarly journals Onde pára a classe média? Breves notas sobre o conceito e a realidade portuguesa

2016 ◽  
Vol 2017 (83) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elísio Estanque
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Apathy ◽  
Present Text

The present text focuses on the concept of middle class and its sociopolitical implications. Inasmuch as this is a topic that has been fuelling successive arguments in the academic field for some two hundred years, the author’s approach seeks to “deconstruct” some of the commonplaces that have involved this category over the years — particularly the connotation with political apathy, individualism and uncritical adherence to the “bourgeois” status quo. He takes examples from the recent cycle of social rebellions generated by the economic crisis and austerity policies — especially the protests that took place in Southern Europe and Brazil — to explore the hypothesis that the potential radicalism and transforming force of these movements are due not to a sense of “vanguardism” or “proletarian” identity, but rather to a “middle class initiative” derived precisely from the values and lifestyles incorporated — but not consolidated — by these segments. To put it another way, the discontent of the middle class (both the sectors that are moving upwards and those that are in decline) is a result of expectations, ambitions and desires to climb the social ladder, which the current economic system and governing class “promised”, but were unable to fulfil, with the middle class now threatened with impoverishment instead. The possible resurgence of conflict, be it either progressive or nationalist and conservative in nature, will certainly entail a prominent role on the part of these categories, marked as they are by instability, job precarity and the social model they once dreamed of.

William Fremantle, Samuel Barnett and the Broad Church Origins of Toynbee Hall

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Nettleship
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
The Poor ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Contemporaries and historians alike have regarded the 1880s as a watershed in Victorian thought. They have argued that before the 1880s the well-to-do held firmly to a belief in Political Economy and attributed economic success to the high moral character and hard work of the individual. By the 1880s these beliefs had begun to waver, and many who had themselves prospered from the new economic system began to question its assumptions and develop a sense of responsibility toward those beneath them in the social order. One institution which seems to represent this change is Toynbee Hall, the first English settlement house, founded in 1884. Headed by a middle-class clergyman, Samuel Barnett, staffed by well-educated and well-to-do volunteers and dedicated to bringing education and culture to the poor, it seems to be an example, par excellence, of the newly heightened middle-class social conscience typical of the 1880s.2 But close examination reveals that the origins of Toynbee Hall date back to the 1870s, to the broad church orientation and parish practices of Samuel Barnett. Rooted in his modest day-to-day pastoral work rather than in new concepts of social justice, Toynbee Hall raises the question of whether in fact the 1880s constitute a great divide in Victorian thought or a period of continuation, expansion and institutionalisation of earlier ideas and practices.

scholarly journals VENUGOPAL'S SELF-CONFESSION AND POETRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Shahabuddin
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Man ◽  
Taking Action

English: Venugopal has a distinct identity in Hindi poetry. The atmosphere of disillusionment and the social status quo had an effect on your poem. Oriented towards Akavita. But soon you realized his regression. As a result, progressives were oriented towards the stream. The land of reality shaped beautiful dreams of the future. Your poem conveys the hopes, dreams, feelings, sensations of the common man. It also exposes the middle class weaknesses while being sympathetic towards the neglected workers and is a proponent of action against the power. It shares the golden dreams of the future, in retaliation for its oppression-exploitation-violence. It has the content of strategy and tactics for the youth taking action from the power. Sometimes it is very suggestive and expresses socio-political reality in an interesting way. Where the dialogue style is present in it, its symbolism is multidimensional. This poem also questions the role of media by taking a sarcastic pose. Hindi: वेणुगोपाल हिन्दी कविता में विशिष्ट पहचान रखते हैं। मोहभंग के वातावरण और सामाजिक यथास्थिति का आपकी कविता पर प्रभाव पड़ा। अकविता की ओर उन्मुख हुए। परंतु शीघ्र ही आपको उसकी प्रतिगामिता का बोध हुआ। परिणामस्वरूप प्रगतिशील धारा की ओर उन्मुख हुए। यथार्थ की जमीन ने भविष्य के सुन्दर-सुखद स्वप्नों को आकार दिया। आपकी कविता साधारणजन की आशाओं, स्वप्नों, अनुभूतियों, संवेदनाओं को रूपाकार देती है। यह उपेक्षितों-श्रमिकों के प्रति संवेदना रखते हुए भी मध्यवर्गीय कमजोरियों को उजागर करती है और सत्ता के विरुद्ध मोर्चेबन्द कार्रवाही की प्रस्तावक है। यह उसके दमन-शोषण-हिंसा का प्रतिकार करते हुए भी भविष्य के सुनहरे स्वप्न बाँटती है। इसमें सत्ता से मोर्चेबन्द कार्रवाही करते युवाओं हेतु रणनीति और रणकौशल की सामग्री मौजूद है। कहीं-कहीं यह बहुत विचारोत्तेजक है और सामाजिक-राजनीतिक यथार्थ को रोचक ढंग से अभिव्यक्त करती है। इसमें जहाँ संवाद-शैली मौजूद है वहीँ इसकी सांकेतिकता बहुआयामी है। यह कविता व्यंग्यात्मक मुद्रा लेकर मीडिया की भूमिका को भी प्रश्नांकित करती है।

An afterword*

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolph Van Der Hoeven
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Social ◽  
Labour Standards

This chapter reviews the various contributions made to this volume and interventions offered at the conference held at the British Academy in May 2009. Reflecting on how theory has been and could be put into practice, it recognises that current trends towards globalisation and the recent economic crisis have forced us ‘to be cognisant of growing (and unsustainable) inequality between and within countries’. We now need to envisage policies to counter this and seize the opportunity to ensure participation in the debates which could shape such policies. A better realisation of labour standards could ‘play an important role in diminishing the social consequences of the crisis and in building a better socio-economic system to avoid or face future crises’, so that it is ultimately sustainable.

The Collapse of the Riskless, Middle-Class Economy

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-325
Author(s):  
Craig Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Industrial Unit ◽  
Post War ◽  
Capitalist Enterprise

The very basis of Japan's post-war economic growth was time and place specific. A fundamental failure to recognise the temporary nature of Japan's success led the Japanese to make ad hoc changes, which served largely to prop up the prevailing status quo. Inevitably, Japan's ability to sustain the level of growth required to maintain its economic system periodically faltered, before collapsing in the nineties. Since capitalist enterprise, by its very achievements, tends to automatize progress, we conclude that it tends to make itself superfluous — to break to pieces under the pressure of its own success. The perfectly bureaucratized giant industrial unit not only ousts the small or medium-sized firm and ‘expropriates’ its owners, but in the end it also ousts the entrepreneur and expropriates the bourgeoisie as a class which in the process stands to lose not only its income but also what is infinitely more important, its function (Schumpeter 1950: 134).

MEKANISME PASAR, DEMOKRASI PERWAKILAN DAN KRISIS EKONOMI

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Yuni Prihadi Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Political System ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Welfare Level ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

The economic crisis that attacks Indonesia has yet to be solved even that several policies taken by the government to overcome the problem are not in accordance with the reform spirit and unpopular. In order that we can understand about the problem more well, then we need to reobserve the root of this economic crisis problem. This observation uses the view of capitalist economics theory with the discussion in the aspect of market mechanism and the democracy of delegation theory. In the discussion, it is mentioned that the capitalist economic system wishes to have a certain political system that allows the people s preference to the social welfare level to be optimal for itself which it is accommodated by their delegation in government. In reality, the commitment of the capitalist economic system is not the healthy democracy tradition system. Thus, the market mechanism does not yield an optimal solution for large people's welfare.

scholarly journals Graphic illustration of impairment: science fiction, Transmetropolitan and the social model of disability

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Fictional World ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Disability Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Graphic Illustration ◽  
Political Apathy ◽  
Key Events

The following paper examines the cyberpunk transhumanist graphic novel Transmetropolitan through the theoretical lens of disability studies to demonstrate how science fiction, and in particular this series, illustrate and can influence how we think about disability, impairment and difference. While Transmetropolitan is most often read as a scathing political and social satire about abuse of power and the danger of political apathy, the comic series also provides readers with representations of impairment and the source of disability as understood by the Social Model of Disability (SMD). Focusing on the setting and fictional world in which Transmetropolitan takes place, as well as key events and illustration styling, this paper demonstrates that the narrative in this work encompasses many of the same theoretical underpinnings and criticisms of society’s ignorance of the cause of disability as the SMD does. This paper aims, by demonstrating how Transmetropolitan can be read as an allegory for the disabling potential of society as experienced by individuals with impairments, to prompt readers into thinking more creatively about how narratives, seemingly unconcerned with disability, are informed and can be understood via disability theory.

False dichotomies of disability politics

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Grue
Keyword(s):  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
The Political ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Critical Potential ◽  
Medical Models ◽  
False Dichotomy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

This article discusses the relationship between the social and medical models of disability and between the academic and NGO communities in that field. Interviews with professionals from Norwegian disability NGOs show that while they share some of the political goals of the social model, they have a somewhat narrow understanding of the model’s critical potential. A false dichotomy has emerged in NGO discourse: The medical model, which originated as a negative construct within the social model, is reinterpreted as a legitimate conceptual alternative. This hinders dialogue between academe and the NGO community, and hampers the critical potential of the NGOs. In order to eliminate the dichotomy, it is necessary to develop the social model more extensively in discourse contexts outside the academic field.

The Impact of the Economic Crisis on the Right to Health of Irregular Migrants, as Reflected in the Jurisprudence of the un Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-190
Author(s):  
Stefano Angeleri
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
European Social Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

In response to the global financial and economic crisis, which began almost a decade ago, many European countries have adopted austerity measures aimed at curtailing public expenditure, which have negatively impacted the domestic realisation of the ‘European Social Model’. In particular, domestic policies on budget containment, and stricter controls on immigration have often curtailed the social right to healthcare for targeted categories of undesired migrants such as undocumented migrants. The aim of this paper is to assess whether the ‘narrative of the crisis’ has affected the interpretation of the right to health of undocumented migrants within the jurisprudence of the un Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This research offers the opportunity to reflect upon the ‘consistent’ understanding and use of the concepts of ‘vulnerability’, ‘non-discrimination’, ‘core obligations’, and ‘austerity measures’, in relevant reporting material, when undocumented migrants’ access to, and level of, health care is concerned.

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ РОССИЙСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО КАК ПРОСТРАНСТВО КОНФЛИКТА

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
V. V. Gorshkova ◽  
A. A. Melnikova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Russian

The article considers the contradictions and conflicts that are characteristic of modern Russian society. The processes of social disintegration are analyzed and interpreted as a result of fundamental social and economic transformations. The problems of economic inequality are presented in the historical perspective in close connection with the previous stages of Russia's socioeconomic development. Significant polarization of the population is one of the most significant conflict factors in modern society, which leads to an increase in protest moods and may in the long term threaten social upheavals. Nevertheless, dissatisfaction with the socio-economic situation does not lead to ideas of the unification and consolidation of society, but find expression in social conflicts. The emergence and development of social conflicts is influenced by a number of factors: economic, ethnic, religious. One of the most important characteristics of society is its social structure. After the collapse of the USSR, the previous social structure was abolished, and a new social reality was formed in Russia. When considering the stratification structure of society, most attention is paid to the middle class, which is considered the backbone of a stable society. The middle class in Russia is in the stage of formation, it is hardly possible to speak of a complete analogy with the middle class of Western society. The share of middle class in society can be estimated in different ways depending on the methodological approaches used by researchers. An important consequence of the transformation of the social structure was the problem of marginalization, since the dismantling of the old social structure and the slow formation of the new one put the social status and place in the division of labor system of many individuals into question. The sharp impoverishment of representatives of prestigious professions led to a reassessment of their situation, especially for the younger generation. When analyzing the origins of social conflicts in modern Russian society, it is necessary to consider the issue of the attitude of the broad masses of the population to power and national elites. It should be noted that power in Russia historically takes shape around specific leaders and does not have an institutional character. The most significant factor shaping the attitude towards the authorities and the elite in general in Russian society are the economic results of the market reforms that have taken place. Only a small part of the population believes that they won as a result of the changes that have taken place, the natural consequence of which is the population's distrust of the authorities and, in general, political institutions.

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