scholarly journals Social Criticism on Works of Contemporary Women Story Writers

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Mahmoodi
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Criticism ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

Goldmann's genetic structuralism approach is one of the literary critique approaches and believes that the literary text are derived from the ideology governing the classes of society, and focuses on study of stories and their structures to know the social structures. A review of the changes made in the themes and subjects of the works of the Iranian story writers that most of them are from the middle class of society, indicates the growth of awareness and understanding of Iranian women about their identity and individuality and the achievement of conditions beyond what they are. Although in popular stories, most Iranian female storytellers are still interested in the reproduction of traditional gender stereotypes, but female storywriters in the field of transcendental literature have entered the changes made in their cognitive realm to the actions of characters of their stories. This reveals that they seek to understand their own self and place in the world around them. Love and loneliness resulted by the confrontation between men and women are a common theme in these works that have been narrated on the various issues arising from the family and social relationships of women.

African Indigenous Religions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter E.A. van Beek
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Indigenous Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Other World ◽  
Indigenous Religions ◽  
The Village

There is not one African indigenous religion (AIR); rather, there are many, and they diverge widely. As a group, AIRs are quite different from the scriptural religions the world is more familiar with, since what is central to AIRs is neither belief nor faith, but ritual. Exemplifying an “imagistic” form of religiosity, these religions have no sacred books or writings and are learned by doing, by participation and experience, rather than by instruction and teaching. Belonging to specific local ethnic groups, they are deeply embedded in and informed by the various ecologies of foragers, pastoralists, and horticulturalists—as they are also by the social structures of these societies: they “dwell” in their cultures. These are religions of the living, not so much preparing for afterlife as geared toward meeting the challenges of everyday life, illness and misfortune, mourning and comforting—but also toward feasting, life, fertility, and togetherness, even in death. Quiet rituals of the family contrast with exuberant public celebrations when new adults re-enter the village after an arduous initiation; intricate ritual attention to the all-important crops may include tense rites to procure much needed rains. The range of rituals is wide and all-encompassing. In AIRs, the dead and the living are close, either as ancestors or as other representatives of the other world. Accompanied by spirits of all kinds, both good and bad, harmful and nurturing, existence is full of ambivalence. Various channels are open for communication with the invisible world, from prayer to trance, and from dreams to revelations, but throughout it is divination in its manifold forms that offers a window on the deeper layers of reality. Stories about the other world abound, and many myths and legends are never far removed from basic folktales. These stories do not so much explain the world as they entertainingly teach about the deep humanity that AIRs share and cherish.

Echoing the Call for Multimodal Representation

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Renner
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Richard Rorty ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Visual Anthropology ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Visual Composition ◽  
Active Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

The editor’s introduction to the Visual Anthropology Review, Vol. 32, Issue 2, from fall 2016 emphasizes the necessity of anthropology to engage in multimodal methodologies of research and research communication. An expanded view of visual anthropology, and its methodological and analytical contributions to current debates, recognizes and builds on the field’s commitment to a reflexive awareness of the social relationships at stake in the process of making images and an engagement with the politics of representation. It also encompasses an active approach toward learning to see how others see, how technologies of imaging picture the world, and a serious consideration of the technical capacities necessary for communicating ethnographic knowledge through visual composition, editing, and design. (Chio & Cox, 2016, pp. 101–102) The claim that the reflection on images has been neglected compared to the reflection on language, echoing in the introduction of Chio and Cox (216), has been made in the context of the iconic turn in the mid-1990s. In reference to the linguistic turn in philosophy coined by Richard Rorty (1967) in philosophy, art historian Gottfried Boehm (1994, pp. 11–38) described the iconic turn, and Thomas W. Mitchell (1995, pp. 11–34) used the term pictorial turn, observing a significant shift toward communication by images. Both recognized the increasing power of images in society through the digital means of communication, which enables everyone to easily create and disseminate images. Both were aware of the lack of reflection on the meaning of images in Western thought.

Social Glocalisation and Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Hobelsberger
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Practical Theology ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Work Health

This book discusses the local effects of globalisation, especially in the context of social work, health and practical theology, as well as the challenges of higher education in a troubled world. The more globalised the world becomes, the more important local identities are. The global becomes effective in the local sphere. This phenomenon, called ‘glocalisation’ since the 1990s, poses many challenges to people and to the social structures in which they operate.

scholarly journals Social, psychological and clinical aspects of domestic violence (literature review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Ogorenko ◽  
Olha Hnenna ◽  
Viktor Kokashynskyi
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

The article considered the social, psychological and clinical aspects of domestic violence. Analyzed the main types of violent behavior (economic, psychological, physical, sexual) and the components of the causes of cruel behavior in the family: aggressive behavior, violence, violent behavior. The results of sociological research are presented, the prevalence, causes, aims and types of this phenomenon in Ukraine and in the world are determined. The sociological and cultural concepts of the features of the spread of the phenomenon of violence in families are considered. The stages of the formation of violent behavior in families are analyzed. The features of neurotic disorders and their prevalence among people who have experienced domestic violence are considered.

scholarly journals Evangelization and Causes of Religion Conversion from Hindu to Christian at Badung District Bali

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Surpi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Family Education ◽  
Conversion Factors ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Family Breakdown

<p><em>This research focuses on the effort of evangelization and religious conversion factors from Hinduism to Christianity in Badung, Bali. Bali as a unique island and famous all over the world has long been used as a target of missionary. In the early stages, the process of spreading Christianity is very slow. Even, Dutch East Indies government closed the door to evangelization and prohibited its activities in Bali. This study uses a cross field of knowledge and find that there are many causes behind the religion conversion in the area of study.</em> <em>Findings of this research shows that the reason for religious conversion is the social upheavals because of dissatisfaction on system and religion, individual crises, eco- nomic and socio-cultural factors, the influence of mysticism, spiritual thirst and the promise of salvation, family breakdown and urbanization, wedding and birth order in the family, education and professional evangelistic activity and lack understand- ing of Hinduism.</em></p>

scholarly journals Rethinking entrepreneurship and family business research in Honduras: a closer look in times of crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Allan Discua
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Business Research ◽  
Family Enterprise ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Family Enterprises ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Relevant Context ◽  
Is Value

Introduction: Around the world, entrepreneurial activity is influenced by family. The influence of family in the creation, management, development and continuity of small, medium and large size enterprises is unequivocal. In this revision article, I argue for the relevance of further research in Honduras around entrepreneurship and the family enterprise. Methods and Discussion: As families in business are vital to the social and economic fabric of communities around the world there is value in understanding the special nature of enterprises that operate as family businesses. Honduras is a relevant context of study as research on family enterprises has been underrepresented and several challenges and fortuitous events affect the emergence and continuity of family enterprises. Conclusion: To advance understanding, this revision article brings together a collection of themes that provide a nuanced overview of key discussions and opportunities for further research.

The Social Dimensions of Ritual Violence

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Saul M. Olyan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Primary Interest ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ritual Violence ◽  
The World

This chapter discusses the various ways in which violent rites might have an impact on the shaping of social relationships in the world of the biblical text. The author’s primary interest in this chapter is to illuminate how ritual violence might function to terminate, perpetuate, and even create connections between individuals, groups, or polities. Texts examined include 1 Sam 22:12–19, the story of Saul’s mercenary Doeg the Edomite’s execution of the priests of Nob; 2 Sam 10:1–5, the Ammonites’ public humiliation of David’s embassy of comforters; 2 Sam 16:5–13, the cursing, stoning, and dirt casting of Shimi the Benjaminite as David flees Jerusalem before Absalom’s army; 2 Sam 20:1–22, the execution of the rebel Sheba ben Bikri by the inhabitants of Abel Bet Maacah; and Neh 13:25, the account of Nehemiah’s violent, coercive rites targeting his intermarried opponents.

Transforming Universities in the Online World

2011 ◽  
pp. 2135-2140
Author(s):  
Stewart Marshall ◽  
Shirley Gregor
Keyword(s):  
Human Agency ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Business Market ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theory Of Structuration ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Pressures

As the world moves online, various pressures drive changes in the way industries and organizations do business: market pressures, for example, global competition; technological pressures, for example, the use of e-commerce to lower the costs of production; and societal pressures, for example, government regulations (Turban, King, Lee, & Viehland, 2004). In considering the implications of the online world for industry, it is necessary to consider both structure and process, where process includes change processes (Gregor & Johnston, 2000, 2001; Johnston & Gregor, 2000). In Giddens’ (1977, 1984, 1991) theory of structuration, process (activity) and structure are reciprocal. As Giddens (1977) states, “social structures are both constituted by human agency, and yet at the same time are the very medium of this constitution”(p. 121) or, as Rose (1999) puts it, “agents in their actions constantly produce and reproduce and develop the social structures which both constrain and enable them” (p.643).

Gender

Sociology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janeen Baxter ◽  
Heidi Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Unequal Access ◽  
Biological Differences

The term gender refers to the cultural and social characteristics attributed to men and women on the basis of perceived biological differences. In the 1970s, feminists focused on sex roles, particularly the socialization of men and women into distinct masculine and feminine roles and the apparent universality of patriarchy. More recent work has critiqued the idea of two distinct genders, calling into question the notion of gender dichotomies and focusing attention on gender as a constitutive element of all social relationships. Gender has been described as a social institution that structures the organization of other institutions, such as the labor market, families, and the state, as well as the social relations of everyday life. In addition, scholars have pointed to the ways in which gender is constructed by organizations and individual interactions. Gender not only differentiates men and women into unequal groups, it also structures unequal access to goods and resources, often crosscutting and intersecting with other forms of inequality, such as class, race, and ethnicity.

Early Buddhism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinru Liu
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Persian Empire ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Economic Disparity ◽  
Early Buddhism ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Four Noble Truths

South Asia around the mid-1st millennium bce was a politically and socially turbulent time. Siddhartha, a young man of the Shakya ganasanga, witnessed the cruelty of warfare and the rising social and economic disparity of his time. He realized that the world is full of suffering. This observation evolved into the foremost truth of his doctrine of the Four Noble Truths. This essay will attempt to vividly portray the world of Buddha. It was a world where Brahmans and rajas, merchants and bankers, scribes and artisans, servants and slaves, courtesans-cum-musicians and dancers, farmers and fishermen, and people from mountains and forests, all strived to further (or at least maintain) their place on the newly formed social hierarchy. Some of those from low castes and outside the social core managed to penetrate the mainstream, but some never made it. Others born from elite families were cast out. Meanwhile, the presence of Achaemenid Persian Empire in the northwest of the subcontinent during the Buddha’s time, followed by the establishment of Hellenistic states after Alexander’s invasion in the late 4th century bce, brought new waves of immigration—thus exchanges of goods and ideas—with west and central Asia. Buddhist sangha and other communities of dissidents were refuges for some of the more unfortunate men and women looking for sanctuary. Based on stories in early Buddhist texts, namely the Pali canon and contemporary Brahmana texts (along with inclusion of Buddhist artwork of his time and after, this article will attempt reconstruct the historical Buddha and the time in which he lived.

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